Parents’ underestimation of their child’s weight status. Moderating factors and change over time: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Smoking among Japanese adolescents has decreased noticeably. However, little is known whether the decreasing trend in adolescent smoking can be seen across all socioeconomic status (SES) groups. This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking among Japanese adolescents between 2008 and 2016. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using data from three surveys of high school students in Okinawa, Japan, in 2008, 2012, and 2016. The study participants consisted of 7902 students in grades 10 through 12 (15–18 years). Smoking was assessed as current cigarette use. SES indicators included familial SES (parental education and family structure) and student’s own SES (school type). To evaluate absolute and relative inequalities, prevalence differences (PDs) and ratios (PRs) between low and high SES groups were estimated. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were also calculated. Results Smoking prevalence among boys and girls significantly declined from 11.5% and 6.2% in 2008 to 4.7% and 1.9% in 2016, respectively. Similar decreasing trends in smoking were found among most of the SES groups. The PDs and SII for parental education in boys and family structure in girls decreased over time while those for school type persisted among boys and girls. The PRs and RII for school type in boys increased while those for other SES indicators among both sexes remained stable over time. Conclusions Smoking among Japanese adolescents has been declining and time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking varied by absolute and relative measures. Further policies and/or interventions to reduce smoking inequalities should focus on the context of schools, especially in vocational high schools.

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Associations Between Children’s Physical Activity, Pain and Injuries

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211028455 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110284

Author(s):

João Paulo de Aguiar Greca ◽

Thomas Korff ◽

Jennifer Ryan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Generalized Estimating Equations ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationships between physical activity (PA), pain, and injury among children. Secondarily, we examined whether these relationships differed between children with normal versus excessive weight or obesity. This was a cross-sectional study of 102 children (57 girls) aged 8–12 years old. We assessed the prevalence of moderate and vigorous PA using accelerometry over a seven-day period. We examined the associations between moderate PA, vigorous PA, pain presence, and injury presence using generalized estimating equations with a logit link and binomial distribution. We adjusted the obtained models for potential confounders and explored the moderating effect of weight status. We found no association between moderate PA and pain, but time spent in vigorous PA was associated with pain. Neither moderate or vigorous PA were associated with injury, and there was no moderating effect of weight status in these relationships. In summary, we found that objectively measured vigorous PA is associated with pain among 8–12 year old children. While these results should be replicated in longitudinal studies, they suggest that an association between vigorous PA and pain should be considered when developing PA interventions for children.

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Predicting height from ulna length for the determination of weight status in New Zealand adolescents: a cross‐sectional study

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.1111/jhn.12918 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

H.M. Ng ◽

S. MacDonell ◽

J. Yap ◽

M.C. Peddie ◽

T. Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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The associations of gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids with bone mass were largely mediated by weight status: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02597-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fengyan Chen ◽

Qinzhi Wei ◽

Dafeng Xu ◽

Yuanhuan Wei ◽

Jue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Weight Status ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Short Chain ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and associations with perceived and actual weight status among primary school children in China: A nationally representative cross-sectional study

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 6-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Zhang ◽

Xiaoqi Feng ◽

Yi Zhai ◽

Weirong Li ◽

Yue-bin Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Nationally Representative

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Hepatitis B antibody titers in Indonesian adolescents who received the primary hepatitis B vaccine during infancy

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi53.3.2013.160-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Hartono Gunardi ◽

Adra Firmansyah ◽

Sri Rezeki S Harun ◽

Sudigdo Sastroasmoro

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Tests ◽

Vaccination History ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Hb Vaccine ◽

Over Time

Backgi-ound Hepatitis B (HB) has been classified as moderate-tohighlyendemic in Indonesia. HB vaccination, the most effectivemethod to prevent HB viral transmission, induces protectiveantibodies against HB surface antigen (anti-HBs). However, theseantibodies decline in titer over time. Studies on the duration ofprotection and the prevalence of n on-responders in Indonesianadolescents have been limited.Objectives To determine anti-HBs titers in 15-17-year oldIndonesian adolescents given primary HB vaccine during infancyand the prevalence of non-responders after a HB vaccine boosterdosage.Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from Februaryto September 2008 on adolescents aged 15-17 years in threesenior high schools in Jakarta who received complete primary HBvaccines during infancy, based on parents' recall. Investigationsincluded HB vaccination history, anthropometric measurements,and blood tests for anti-HBs before and 4-6 weeks after a boosterdose ofHB vaccine.Results Of 94 subjects, 35 had protective anti-HBs and 59 hadundetectable anti-HBs. A booster dose was administered to 5 8 of then on-protected subjects, of which 33 showed anamnestic responses.However, 25 subjects failed to generate protective anti-HBs. Takinginto consideration the adolescents with protective anti-HBs beforeand after the booster dose, serologic protection was demonstratedin 73%. Non-responder prevalence was 27%. The high prevalenceof non-responders may indicate bias of parents' recall.Conclusion Protective anti-HBs is detected in less than half ofIndonesian adolescents given primary HB vaccine during infancy.Following booster dosage, anamnestic responses are n oted in onethirdof subjects. The prevalence of non-responders is 27%, butconfirmation with further study is needed.

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