scholarly journals Incidence of postpartum and neonatal illnesses and utilization of healthcare services in rural communities in southern Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0237852
Author(s):  
Moges Tadesse Borde ◽  
Eskindir Loha ◽  
Bernt Lindtjørn
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Utilization Of Healthcare

scholarly journals The effect of school feeding program on class absenteeism and academic performance of school children in southern Ethiopia: Prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Tsion A. Desalegn ◽  
Samson Gebremedhin ◽  
Fikadu R. Alemayehu ◽  
Barbara J. Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
School Feeding Program ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: Ethiopia recently scaled up the implementation of a school feeding program (SFP). Yet, evidence on the impact of such programs on academic outcomes remains inconclusive. We evaluated the effect of the SFP on class absenteeism and academic performance of primary school students (grade 5-8) in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Design: This prospective cohort study enrolled SFP-beneficiary (n=240) and non-beneficiary (n=240) children 10-14 years of age from sixteen public schools, and followed them for an academic year. School absenteeism was measured as the number of days children were absent from school in the year. Academic performance was defined based on the average academic score of the students for ten subjects they attended in the year. Data were analyzed using multivariable mixed-effects negative binomial and linear regression models. Setting: Food insecure districts in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Participants: SFP-beneficiary and non-beneficiary children 10-14 years of age. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) number of days children were absent from school were 4.0 (±1.5) and 9.3 (±6.0), among SFP beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, respectively. Students not covered by the SFP were two-times more likely to miss classes (adjusted rate ratio (ARR)=2.30: 95% confidence interval (CI); 2.03–2.61). Pertaining to academic performance, a significant but small 2.40 (95% CI; 0.69–4.12) percentage point mean difference was observed in favor of SFP beneficiaries. Likewise, the risk of school dropout was six times higher among non-beneficiaries (ARR=6.04: 95% CI; 1.61–22.68). Conclusion: SFP promotes multiple academic outcomes among socio-economically disadvantaged children.

scholarly journals The effect of quitting water pipe during pregnancy on Anthropometric measurements at birth: a population-based prospective cohort study in South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Nematollahi ◽  
Koroush Holakouie-Naieni ◽  
Abdolhossain Madani ◽  
Hossein Shabkhiz ◽  
Elham Torabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Evidence on health effects of tobacco cessation in pregnancy is mainly restricted to cigarette, while water pipe smoking is more prevalent among women in the Middle-East. The present ‎study aimed to assess the effects of cessation of water pipe during pregnancy on ‎birth anthropometric measures in South of Iran. Methods Data on 1,120 singleton pregnancies (response rate=93.4%) from a population-based prospective cohort study in suburban communities in Bandar Abbas city was used. Birth measures were used according to infant`s vaccination cards. Study subjects were categorized into three subgroups based on water pipe ‎smoking status during pregnancy, including: 1) mothers who never smoke water pipe ‎‎(never smoker); 2)mothers who stopped water pipe during pregnancy and resumed it postpartum (quitters); 3) mothers who continued smoking water pipe regardless ‎of their pregnancy (always smokers). ‎Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were utilized for the analyses. Results Compared to never smokers, quitting water pipe in pregnancy would decrease mean birthweight by 99.30 ‎grams (β:-99.30, 95%CI:-204.35,-5.75‎); while an additional decrease by 37.83 grams would occur in always smokers (β:-137.13‎;95%CI:-262.21,-‎‎12.05‎). Mean birth length ‎did not significantly differ among the three water pipe groups. Mean head ‎circumference, however, would significantly increase by 0.79 centimeter in always smokers (β:079,95%CI:0.13,1.45). ‎ Conclusion Quitting water pipe during pregnancy had positive effects on infant growth, especially birth weight. Some suggestions are provided including integration of information on health benefits of quitting smoking into routine prenatal healthcare services and development of awareness programs to encourage smokers to quit early in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuji Bedry ◽  
Henok Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Hawassa University

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major public health problem, is the most common cause of death/disability in children. Glasgow coma scale is used to assess, decide treatment and follow up of TBI. TBI causes and outcome data are scarce from sub-Saharan Africa, non-existent from Ethiopia. We aimed to document pattern and predictors of childhood TBI outcome in a teaching hospital, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS Prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2017 to September 2018 among pediatrics TBI presented to Hawassa University Hospital. Data were collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was carried out and significant associations were declared at p-value of < 0.05. RESULT During 1year period there were 4258 emergency room(ER) visits, TBI contributed to 317(7.4%) cases. The mean age of study subjects was 7.66±3.88 years. Boys, predominantly above 5years of age, comprise 218(68.8%) of study subjects with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Pedestrian RTA 119 (37.5%) and falls 104 (32.8%) were the commonest causes of TBI. Mild, moderate, and severe TBI were documented in 231(72.9%), 61(19.2%), and 25(7.9%) of cases respectively. Most of TBI cases presented within 24hrs of injury 258(81.4%). Recovery with no neurologic deficit, 267(84.2%); focal neurologic deficit, 30(9.5%); depressed mentation, 10(3.2%) and death 10(3.2%) were documented. Presence of increased intracranial pressure(ICP) at admission [AOR: 1.415 (95% CI: 0.458-9.557)], severe TBI [AOR: 2.103 (95% CI: 0.965-4.524)], presence of hyperglycemia [AOR: 2.318 (95% CI: 0.873-7.874)] and head computed tomographic(CT) scans of contusion, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or intracranial bleeding [AOR: 2.45 (95% CI: 0.811-7.952)] were found to be predictors of TBI outcome. CONCLUSION TBI contributed to 7.4% of pediatric ER visits. Boys above 5years of age were highly affected. Pedestrian RTA and falls, early presentation (<24hrs of injury) and mild form of TBI were the common documented patterns. Presence of increased ICP, hyperglycemia, severe TBI and CT findings of contusion, DAI/intracranial bleeding were predictors of poor outcome. Public awareness on road safety, childhood safety in preventing falls/animal injuries, closer follow-up of TBI cases for ICP and glycemic controls are recommended.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from nasal samples of sixth year medical students during their pediatric services practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamile Arıkan ◽  
Eda Karadag-Oncel ◽  
Emre Aycan ◽  
Banu Sancak ◽  
Mehmet Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pediatric Services

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are prevalent in healthcare services. Medical students are at risk for MRSA carriage, subsequent infection and potential transmission of nosocomial infection.Few studies have examined MRSA carriage among medical students. Methods In this prospective cohort study, between July 2016 and June 2017, two nasal swab samples were taken per student 4 weeks apart during their pediatric internship. MRSA typing was performed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) encoding genes. Results A total of 239 sixth year medical students, 164 (68.6%) male (M/F:2.1),with median age 25 years (min–max; 23–65 years) were included in this prospective cohort study. Among 239 students, 17 students (7.1%) were found to be colonized with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) at the beginning of pediatric internship. After 4 weeks, at the end of pediatric internship totally 52 students were found to be S. aureus colonized (21.8%). Three of 52 S. aureus isolates were MRSA (1.3%) and the rest was MSSA (20.5%), all were PVL gen negative. Two of three MRSA isolates were characterized as SCCmec type IV, one isolate was untypeable SCCmec. Nasal carriage of S. aureus increased from 7.1% to 21.5% (p < 0.001). Nasal S. aures colonization ratio was higher in students working in pediatric infectious disease service (p = 0.046). Smoking was found to be associated with a 2.37-fold [95% CI (1.12–5.00); p = 0.023] and number of patients in pediatric services was 2.66-fold [95% CI (1.13–6.27); p = 0.024] increase the risk of nasal S. aureus colonization. Gender was not found to increase risk of MRSA carriage. Conclusion MSSA nasal carriage increased at the end of pediatric internship and significantly high in students working in pediatric infectious diseases services. Smoking and high number of patients in pediatric services significantly increase S.aureus colonization.

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