scholarly journals Publishing, signaling, social capital, and gender: Determinants of becoming a tenured professor in German political science

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243514
Author(s):  
Martin Schröder ◽  
Mark Lutter ◽  
Isabel M. Habicht
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Third Party ◽  
University Departments ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Leaky Pipeline ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Party Funding

We apply event history analysis to analyze career and publication data of virtually all political scientists in German university departments, showing that each published refereed journal article increases a political scientist’s chance for tenure by 9 percent, while other publications affect the odds for tenure only marginally and in some cases even negatively. Each received award and third party funding increases the odds for tenure by respectively 41 and 26 percent, while international experience, social capital and children hardly have a strong influence. Surprisingly, having degrees from a German university of excellence strongly decreases the odds for tenure. Women with similar credentials have at least 20 percent higher odds to get tenure than men. Our data therefore suggests that the lower factual hiring rates of women are better explained by a leaky pipeline, e.g. women leaving academia, rather than because women are not hired even when they are as productive as men. The article contributes to a better understanding of the role of meritocratic and non-meritocratic factors in achieving highly competitive job positions.

Gender Differences in the Link Between Marital Status and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110241
Author(s):  
Yujin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Event History ◽  
Never Married ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Married Men ◽  
And Gender

In the context of South Korea, characterized by increasing population aging and a changing family structure, this study examined differences in the risk of cognitive impairment by marital status and investigated whether this association differs by gender. The data were derived from the 2006–2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. The sample comprised 7,568 respondents aged 45 years or older, who contributed 30,414 person-year observations. Event history analysis was used to predict the odds of cognitive impairment by marital status and gender. Relative to their married counterparts, never-married and divorced people were the most disadvantaged in terms of cognitive health. In addition, the association between marital status and cognitive impairment was much stronger for men than for women. Further, gender-stratified analyses showed that, compared with married men, never-married men had a higher risk of cognitive impairment, but there were no significant effects of marital status for women.

scholarly journals Event History Analysis for Investigating the Likelihood and Timing of Changing Majors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Event History ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Students change their majors for various reasons, and academic advisors often assume the role of facilitating that change through institutional agreements or contracts. Therefore, advisors need to identify time periods during enrollment with the greatest likelihood that students will seek to change majors. They must also examine the student characteristics associated with changing majors so that advisors can identify students to avoid delays to graduation. The relationship between student characteristics and the likelihood of changing majors over time was studied through event history analysis techniques applied to enrollment data for a cohort of first-time first-year students.

State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Stokes Berry ◽  
William D. Berry
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Event History ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Lottery ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Political Economic

Two types of explanations of state government innovation have been proposed: internal determinants models (which posit that the factors causing a state government to innovate are political, economic, and social characteristics of a state) and regional diffusion models (which point toward the role of policy adoptions by neighboring states in prompting a state to adopt). We show that the two are conceptually compatible, relying on Mohr's theory of organizational innovation. Then we develop and test a unified explanation of state lottery adoptions reflecting both internal and regional influences. The empirical results provide a great degree of support for Mohr's theory. For the empirical analysis, we rely on event history analysis, a form of pooled cross-sectional time series analysis, which we believe may be useful in a wide variety of subfields of political science. Event history analysis may be able to explain important forms of political behavior (by individuals, organizations, or governments) even if they occur only rarely.

scholarly journals Young British adults’ homeownership circumstances and the role of intergenerational transfers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-407
Author(s):  
Ellie Suh
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
Event History ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
History Analysis

Despite the continuing preference for homeownership, it has become increasingly difficult for young adults to own a home in Britain. House prices have increased faster than real earnings between the mid-1990s and the 2010s, resulting in significantly deteriorated affordability. Mortgage products have also become less accessible, as a large deposit has been required to secure the loan after the financial crisis of 2008/09. Previous studies point to the increasing role of intergenerational transfers in filling this gap. Some young adults obtain help from family to become homeowners, either receiving monetary support or by saving through living at the parental home. Using the Wealth and Assets Survey, this study attempts to examine the effect of these two types of family financial support on young adults’ homeownership circumstances, and controlling for other characteristics such as parental homeownership. First, it examines the characteristics of homeowners among young adults cross-sectionally using logistic regression. Second, by focusing on the non-homeowner subsample it analyses the effect of direct (money) and indirect (co-residence) family support on young adults’ entry to homeownership in the six-year period using discrete-time event history analysis. The results show that chances of young adults’ homeownership between 2008/10 and 2014/16 are very much tied to family support. The odds of becoming homeowners who have received direct or indirect support are found to be three times higher, even after accounting for other characteristics.

scholarly journals Cumulative Disadvantage and the Role of Transportation in Community Supervision

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Northcutt Bohmert ◽  
Alfred DeMaris
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Cumulative Disadvantage ◽  
Probation And Parole ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Women's Lives

Drawing from cumulative disadvantage theory, we are the first to examine the role of transportation disadvantage among other known challenges for women on community supervision. We create a composite measure of transportation disadvantage using factor analyses and data for 362 women on probation and parole in one Midwestern state: It is used to predict arrest and conviction using multiepisode event history analysis and conditional logistic regression. Consistent with cumulative disadvantage theory, the results suggest each additional disadvantage makes women more vulnerable, over and above the other disadvantages. Transportation disadvantage is a significant and entrenched feature in criminal justice-involved women’s lives. The import of modeling all available recidivism events, given the entrenched nature of criminal justice system involvement, cannot be overstated.

The role of social capital and gender in linking financial suppliers and entrepreneurial firms: A framework for future research

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida G. Brush ◽  
Nancy M. Carter ◽  
Patricia G. Greene ◽  
Myra M. Hart ◽  
Elizabeth Gatewood
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
And Gender
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