scholarly journals Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors: Evidence from six south Asian countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245923
Author(s):  
Alamgir Sarder ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Maniruzzaman ◽  
Ashis Talukder ◽  
Benojir Ahammed
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Aim Unintended pregnancy is a significant public health concern in South Asian countries because of its negative association with the socioeconomic and health outcomes for both children and mothers. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and explore its determinants among women of reproductive age in six South Asian countries. Methods Nationwide latest demography and health survey data from six South Asian countries, including Bangladesh (2014), Pakistan (2017–2018), Nepal (2016), Afghanistan (2015), Maldives (2016–2017) and India (2015–2016) were pooled for the present study. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the association between unintended pregnancy and its associated factors. Results Amongst the total women (n = 41,689), overall, 19.1% pregnancies were reported as unintended (ranging from 11.9% in India to 28.4% in Bangladesh). The logistic regression model showed that younger women (15–19 years) had 1.42 times higher chance of unintended pregnancies. The odds of unintended pregnancies was 1.24 times higher for poorest women and 1.19 times higher for poorer women. Further, urban women (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.80), women having no children (aOR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.09–0.12), smaller (≤4) family (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.67–0.78), those who intent to use contraceptive (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60–0.86), currently living with partner (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99), first cohabitation in teenage (≤19 years) (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.92) were less likely to report unintended pregnancies. Conclusions This study has showed that women’s age, wealth index, place of residence, number of children, family size, the intention of contraceptive use, living with a partner, and first cohabitation age are essential determinants of unintended pregnancy. These factors should be considered when trying to reduce unintended pregnancy in six South Asian countries. However, there is a need to improve health education, counselling, skills-building, sex education, modern contraceptive use and its access in this region. Intervention programs regarding reproductive health and policies are warranted to reduce rates of unintended pregnancy in South Asian countries.

scholarly journals Wasting and Associated Factors among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Nidhi Wali ◽  
Kingsley E. E. Agho ◽  
Andre M. N. Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sampling Weights

Child wasting continues to be a major public health concern in South Asia, having a prevalence above the emergency threshold. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with wasting among children aged 0–23 months, 24–59 months, and 0–59 months in South Asia. A weighted sample of 564,518 children aged 0–59 months from the most recent demographic and health surveys (2014–2018) of five countries in South Asia was combined. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to examine associated factors. Wasting prevalence was higher for children aged 0–23 months (25%) as compared to 24–59 months (18%), with variations in prevalence across the South Asian countries. The most common factor associated with child wasting was maternal BMI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 0–23 months = 2.02; 95% CI: (1.52, 2.68); AOR for 24–59 months = 2.54; 95% CI: (1.83, 3.54); AOR for 0–59 months = 2.18; 95% CI: (1.72, 2.77)]. Other factors included maternal height and age, household wealth index, birth interval and order, children born at home, and access to antenatal visits. Study findings suggest need for nutrition specific and sensitive interventions focused on women, as well as adolescents and children under 2 years of age.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farwa Rizvi ◽  
Joanne Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

Background: Unintended pregnancies in Cambodian youth are a major reproductive health concern with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. A social ecological model was used to identify sociodemographic factors potentially associated with unintended pregnancies, and an analysis of data from the 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey was used to determine associations. Methods: Weighted data were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses for 3406 Cambodian sexually active single, in union or married females aged 15–29 years. Results: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 12.3%. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with younger age groups (15–24 years), multiparity, history of abortion, and current use of modern contraceptive methods. All women had an increased likelihood of unintended pregnancy when the husband alone or someone else in the household made decisions about their access to healthcare. Conclusion: The burden of unintended pregnancies is associated with young age, multiparity, history of abortions, unemployment, and low autonomy for accessing healthcare. Multi-pronged, holistic reproductive and sexual health program interventions are needed to increase literacy and accessibility to modern contraception and to raise awareness about women’s health and status in Cambodia.

scholarly journals Correction: Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors: Evidence from six south Asian countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259360
Author(s):  
Md. Alamgir Sarder ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman ◽  
Ashis Talukder ◽  
Benojir Ahammed
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Asian Countries

scholarly journals Correlates of unintended pregnancy in Beheira governorate, Egypt

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 521-536
Author(s):  
R. M. Youssef ◽  
I. I. Moubarak ◽  
Y. A. Gaffar ◽  
H. Y. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Unintended Births ◽  
Mistimed Pregnancy ◽  
Antenatal And Postnatal Care

This study looked at the frequency and determinants of unplanned births among women in Beheira governorate, Egypt, and the effects on antenatal and postnatal care sought by the mother for herself and her child. Unintended births comprised 23.6%; 13.8% were unwanted and 9.8% were mistimed. Contraceptive failure accounted for 28.8% of unintended pregnancies; 47.1% of women who reported unintended pregnancy were not using [corrected] contraception. Age, education and parity were predictors of unwanted pregnancy. Contraceptive use and maternal employment status predicted mistimed pregnancy. Unintended pregnancy was a barrier to antenatal care, but not to child care. Our findings suggest that family planning programmes should help women of reproductive age achieve spacing and fertility limits.

scholarly journals Geographic variation and associated factors of long-acting contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a multi-level and spatial analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumer Abdulkadir Ebrahim ◽  
Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke ◽  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background High fertility rates and unintended pregnancies are public health concerns of lower and middle income countries such as Ethiopia. Long acting contraceptives (LACs) take the lion’s share in reducing unintended pregnancies and high fertility rates. Despite their numerous advantages, the utilization of LACs remains low in Ethiopia. This study is aimed to explore the geographic variation and associated factors of long acting contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of weighted sample sizes of 10,439 reproductive-age women were included in the final analysis. To clean and analyze the none-spatial data Stata 14 was used while ArcGIS 10.6 and SaTScanTM version 9.6 software were used for spatial analysis. Multilevel Mixed-effect Logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors of LACs utilization. An Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to identify significant variables. Results Long acting contraceptive utilization was non-random (Moran’s I: 0.30, p-value < 0.01). Statistically, clusters with significant low utilization of LACs were found in Somali, Afar, Gambela, northern Amhara, eastern Oromia and western part of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Adjusting for other factors such as being married (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.29–4.87), having one to two (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.43–3.22), and three to four children (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02–2.76), urban (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.19), want no more children (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.83), working status of women (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07–1.65) increased the odds of LACs utilization. While previous history of abortion (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.80), and living in the pastoralist community (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.14–0.35) reduced the odds of LACs utilization in Ethiopia Conclusions Significant geographic variation of LACs utilization was observed in Ethiopia. Spots with Low LACs utilization were found in the eastern, north eastern and western part of the country. Socio-demographic and pregnancy related factors were significant determinants of LACs utilization. Designing intervention programs targeting the identified hot spot clusters, and variables that can hinder the utilization of LACs is very important to increase the utilization.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancies Among Women in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
L. O. Lawani ◽  
N. N. Ekem ◽  
J. N. Eze, ◽  
K. C. Ekwedigwe ◽  
J. O. Egede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy is a major social and public health problem affecting women within the reproductive age group. It jeopardizes women&rsquo;s sexual and reproductive health and may pose a threat to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3. Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria. METHODS: A semi-structured questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional survey of antenatal clinic attendees at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki from January 2015 to March 2015. A total of 185 questionnaires were correctly filled and analyzed using 2008 Epi Info version statistical software (Atlanta Georgia, USA). RESULTS: Out of the 185 antenatal clinic attendees, 43.8% (81/185) reported having had an unintended pregnancy at some point in their lives. The age at marriage, level of education, place of residence, sex education and use of contraception were significant determinants of unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in this study was high. Its determinants include educational status, use of contraception, age at marriage and place of residence.

scholarly journals Contraceptive method use, discontinuation and failure rates among women aged 15–49 years: evidence from selected low income settings in Kumasi, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaga A. Bawah ◽  
Ryoko Sato ◽  
Patrick Asuming ◽  
Elizabeth G. Henry ◽  
Caesar Agula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Abstract Background This paper provides estimates of contraceptive discontinuation and failure rates in a poor urban setting in Ghana. Contraceptive use is for the purposes of preventing unintended or mistimed pregnancies. Unfortunately, evidence abounds in many parts of the world where there is considerable levels of contraceptive failure and high levels of discontinuation resulting in unintended pregnancies. Methods We estimated discontinuation rates during a 12-month period since starting use by applying single and multiple decrement life table methods to the contraceptive calendar data collected in a survey of women in reproductive age of 15–49 years. Results Modern contraceptive method use was estimated to be 13.7% at the time of the survey. The results show that contraceptive method discontinuation vary markedly by type of contraceptive method but are high for almost all methods, except for implants (23.7%). Discontinuation rate for emergency contraception was estimated at 88.5%, withdrawal 87.6%, and male condom use 80.9%. However, discontinuation rates were moderately high for rhythm (63.6%), pills (65.6%) and injectables (56%). In terms of failure rates, overall contraceptive failure for all methods was estimated at 7.9%. The factors significantly associated with method failure include being within age bracket 40–44 years (OR = 0.3, p < 0.05), having secondary/higher education (OR = 0.4, p < 0.01), belonging to the richest household wealth scale (OR = 3.3, p < 0.01), currently in union with a partner (OR = 2.2, p < 0.01), and using contraceptive methods such as rhythm (OR = 5.6, p < 0.01) and withdrawal (OR = 3.7, p < 0.01). On the flip side, the odds for method discontinuation were significantly higher for women in their 20s and mid 30s, formerly in union (OR = 1.9, p < 0.05) and use of withdrawal method (OR = 1.4, p < 0.05) and lower for women formerly in union (OR = 0.4, p < 0.01) and use of implants (OR = 0.2, p < 0.01) and injectables (OR = 0.6, p < 0.01). Conclusion While contraceptives use is low, both discontinuation and failure rates are high and variable among different methods. Failure and discontinuation rates are lowest for long-acting methods such as implants while higher failure rates are more prevalent among women who rely on withdrawal and the rhythm methods.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Modern Contraceptive Use and Associated Factors among Married Women at Quante Town, Gurage Zone Ethiopia, 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahle Jabo Asfaw ◽  
Kelemua Bereda Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Women's Education ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Current Utilization

Abstract Background: - Using contraceptive method has a number of positive impacts for the health of the public. It reduces unplanned pregnancies as well as minimizes diseases and death of children and mothers . Despite its benefit, very little research has been done concerning the extent of contraceptive use and its contributing factors in women at Quante Town. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess prevalence of modern contraceptives use and associated factors among married women at Quante Town, Gurage Zone Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study design was conducted among 388 married women of reproductive age from January to February 2019. A random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using pretested and structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. The data was entered using Epi info version 7. Data analysis was done by using STATA version 14. Strength of association was measured using odds ratio and 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p value <0.05. Table was used to present results. Result : The magnitude of current utilization of modern contraceptive was 65.93% among married reproductive age women at the town. Women’s education level (AOR 3.67 95% CI (1.29 – 46.65)), monthly income (AOR 3.71(95 CI 1.74-7.92)), knowledge (AOR 11.01(95 CI 2.80-43.41)) and attitude towards contraceptive method (AOR 5.63(95 CI 2.40-13.21)) showed independent significant association with current use of modern contraceptives. Conclusion: In this study, more than half of married women were currently using modern contraception methods. Women’s education status, income, knowledge and attitude towards contraception were identified as significant determinants of current utilization of contraceptive methods. Increasing women’s knowledge as well as their attitude towards contraception are important strategies to improve contraceptive methods use.

Predictors of Discontinuation of Modern Spacing Contraceptives in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 101053952098314
Author(s):  
Shahina Begum ◽  
Himanshu Chaurasia ◽  
Kusum V. Moray ◽  
Beena Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
One Year ◽  
Women In India

Data from National Family Health Survey (2015-2016) was analyzed to examine the contraceptive acceptance, discontinuation rates, and associated factors among reproductive age women in India over one year. Findings revealed that 11.7% accepted modern methods of which 68% were for spacing. Only 5% switched to other methods. Discontinuation rate was high among condom (56.8%) and oral contraceptive pill users (34.5%), among women aged less than 25 years, with parity less than 2, belonging to rural area, and having no education. Health concerns/side effects, husband’s disapproval, or method failure were most common reasons cited for discontinuation. The data show high discontinuation rates among some subgroups of women and for certain methods. Hence, women need to be provided options to switch methods to meet changing contraceptive needs and health priorities. Continuum of care with follow-up and counselling can facilitate sustained contraceptive use to avert unintended pregnancies.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Uprety ◽  
I S Poudel ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
M Poudel ◽  
S Bhattrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods. 

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