Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Background Myopia is the leading cause of correctable visual impairment and preventable blindness worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Myopia is appearing with greater prevalence in young children. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods and materials A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of 6 to 18 years of age in Bahir Dar city from October to November 2019. A pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 634 participants using a multi-stage sampling technique from primary and secondary schools. Cycloplegic refraction was performed by optometrists for each student with 1% cyclopentolate eye drop, and subjective refraction was carried out to determine the final prescription of the students. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refractive error of ≥ 0.5 diopter in either eye. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 for analysis. Tables, frequency, and mean were used for descriptive statistics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify risk factors of myopia. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results Among a total of 601 study participants, 51 (8.49%) were myopic. Age group of 10–13 years (AOR = 6.54: 95% CI = 5.56–10.86), 14–18 years (AOR = 6.32: 95% CI = 5.32–9.69), 2–4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 3.69: 95% CI = 1.63–8.38), > 4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 11.6: 95% CI = 4.41–30.42), near working distance of < 33 centimeter (AOR = 6.89: 95% CI = 2.71–17.56) and outdoor activity (AOR = 3.94: 95% CI = 1.87–8.31) were significantly associated with myopia. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia was high among school children in Bahir Dar city. Older age, longer duration of mobile exposure, shorter near working distance were the risk factors for the development of myopia whereas having outdoor activity was the protective factor.

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The magnitude of Schistosoma mansoni and its associated risk factors among Sebatamit primary school children, rural Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4498-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lemma Workineh ◽

Mulat Yimer ◽

Woyneshet Gelaye ◽

Desalegn Muleta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among mothers having infants less than 6 months old, in Bahir Dar, Northwest, Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study, 2017

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-018-3877-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amare Belachew ◽

Tilahun Tewabe ◽

Adino Asmare ◽

Desta Hirpo ◽

Banchialem Zeleke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Practice

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Global Asthma Network Phase I study in Mexico: prevalence of asthma symptoms, risk factors and altitude associations—a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open Respiratory Research ◽

10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000658

Author(s):

Blanca Estela Del-Río-Navarro ◽

Arturo Berber ◽

Nayely Reyes-Noriega ◽

Elsy Maureen Navarrete-Rodríguez ◽

Roberto García-Almaraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Phase I ◽

Sea Level ◽

School Children ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Language Version ◽

Asthma Symptoms

BackgroundGlobal Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally.ObjectiveTo survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico.MethodsGAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016–2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by parents of 6–7-year-old primary school pupils (school children) and by 13–14-year-old adolescents.ResultsA total of 35 780 school children and 41 399 adolescents participated. Wheezing ever prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI 25.8% to 26.7%) in school children and 23.9% (95% CI 23.4% to 24.3%) in adolescents. The corresponding frequencies for current wheeze were 10.2% (95% CI 9.9% to 10.5%) and 11.6% (95% CI 11.2% to 11.9%). In school children, the risk factors for current wheeze were rhinitis (OR 4.484; 95% CI 3.915% to 5.134%) and rash symptoms (OR 1.735; 95% CI 1.461% to 2.059%). For adolescents, rhinitis symptoms (OR 3.492; 95% CI 3.188% to 3.825%) and allergic rhinitis diagnosis (OR 2.144; 95% CI 1.787% to 2.572%) were the most significant. For both groups, there was a negative relation with centres’ sea level altitude higher than 1500 m above mean sea level (p<0.005).ConclusionsThe most important risk factors for asthma symptoms in both age groups were the presence of rhinitis and rash symptoms or diagnosis. On the other hand, sea level altitude higher than 1500 metres was a protective factor.

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Magnitude of optimal adherence and predictors for a low level of adherence among HIV/AIDS-infected adults in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a multifacility cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056009 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e056009

Author(s):

Shimeles Biru Zewude ◽

Tewodros Magegnet Ajebe

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Low Level ◽

South Gondar ◽

Hiv Aids

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs and factors associated with them in Northwest Ethiopia. We hypothesise that in the era of COVID-19, there would be suboptimal adherence to ART drugs.DesignAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Factors associated with the level of adherence were selected for multiple logistic regressions at a p value of less than 0.2 in the analysis. Statistically significant associated factors were identified at a p value less than 0.05 and adjusted OR with a 95% CI.SettingThe study was conducted in one specialised hospital and three district hospitals found in the South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsAbout 432 people living with HIV/AIDS receiving highly active ART in South Gondar zone public hospitals and who have been on treatment for more than a 3-month period participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLevels of adherence to ART drugs and their associated factors.ResultsAmong 432 study participants, 81.5% (95% CI: 78% to 85.2%) of participants were optimally adherent to ART drugs. Determinants of a low level of adherence: stigma or discrimination (OR=0.4, p=0.016), missed scheduled clinical visit (OR=0.45, p=0.034), being on tuberculosis treatment (OR=0.45, p=0.01), recent CD4 cell count less than 500 cells/mm3 (OR=0.3, p=0.023) and patients who had been on WHO clinical stage III at the time of ART initiation (OR=0.24, p=0.027) were factors significantly associated with adherence to ART drugs.ConclusionsLevel of adherence was relatively low compared with some local studies. The intervention targeted to reduce discrimination, counselling before initiation of treatment and awareness regarding compliance is advised to improve adherence to antiretroviral regimens.

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Carriage Rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.11842/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zelalem Tefera ◽

Feleke Mekonnen ◽

Moges Tiruneh ◽

Teshome Belachew

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neisseria Meningitidis ◽

School Children ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Primary School Children ◽

P Value ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Gondar Town ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Globally, in 2012, 1.2 million estimated cases were reported with ~135,000 deaths annually. In Ethiopia, specifically in our study area, limited information is found on the oropharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated risk factors for N. meningitidis among school children. So, the aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal carriage rate of N. meningitidis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and determinants among primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January to April, 2019 in Gondar town. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using sterile plastic cotton swabs. Modified Thayer Martin media was used for primary isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was done based on Kirby-Bauer method on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance of an isolate to two or more antimicrobial classes tested. Logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent variables (Carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis and Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns) and independent variables (Socio-demographic data and risk factors). Variables with a P- value ≤ 0.2 during bivariable analysis was taken to multivariable analysis to check significant association of meningococcal carriage with risk factors. Finally, a P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Data was summarized using numbers, percentages and tables. Results: A total of 53(10.1%) (CI: 7.6-12.8) N. meningitidis isolates were identified. Serogroup A 13 (24.5%) was the most prevalent followed by Y/W135 11(20.7%) whereas serogroup B 4(7.6%) was the least identified serotype. Meningococcal isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (45.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.6%). Overall, most of meningococcal isolates showed about 32(60.4%) multidrug resistance. Meningococcal carriage rate was significantly associated with family size, tonsillectomy, passive smoking, number of students per class, sharing utensils, history of visiting healthcare institutions, and indoor kitchen. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for reinforcement of case-based, laboratory confirmed surveillance of N. meningitidis carriage in Ethiopian elementary school students to enable mapping of distribution of serotypes of the causative organisms across the country and determine the current potential necessity of vaccination.

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TB-diabetes comorbidity and associated factors in Maekel Zone, Eritrea: A cross sectional study.

10.21203/rs.2.18487/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zenawi Zeramariam Araia ◽

Araia Berhane Mesfin ◽

Amanuel Hadgu Mebrahtu ◽

Adiam Ghebreyohanns Tewelde ◽

Randa Osman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Scale Up ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Eritrea. TB-DM comorbidity is known to complicate TB care, control and prevention. However, systematically studied epidemiological data on TB-DM comorbidity and its associated risk factors is lacking in this country. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of DM and its associated factors among TB patients in Maekel region, Eritrea.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in eleven TB diagnostic and treatment sites. Pretested data extraction tool was used to collect data from medical records. Prevalence data was analysed using frequencies, proportions and median. To determine DM risk factors, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done with 95%CI and p value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of total eligible (1,134) TB cases, DM prevalence was 9.88%. Age and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for DM among TB patients. Higher odds of DM was found among TB patients aged 45-54 (aOR: 4.85[1.39-16.94], p= 0.013) and those ≥ 55 (aOR: 6.99[2.12-23.04], p= 0.001). TB cases with normal BMI were two times more likely to have DM (aOR: 2.00[1.23-3.26], p= 0.005) compared to those underweight. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among TB cases observed in this study is high, a clarion call to scale up current efforts to integrate TB-DM services within routine care. Furthermore, age and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for DM in TB cases, pointing to the need to pay attention to age and BMI status when managing this co-morbidityKey words: TB-DM prevalence, transient hyperglycaemia, fasting blood glucose, pre-diabetes, Eritrea.

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