scholarly journals Meibomian glands dropout in patients with inactive thyroid related orbitopathy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250617
Author(s):  
Vannarut Satitpitakul ◽  
Tanavadee Rattanaphong ◽  
Vannakorn Pruksakorn
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Euthyroid Status ◽  
Meibomian Glands ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age And Sex

Purpose To evaluate the structure and function of meibomian glands in patients with thyroid related orbitopathy (TRO) compared with age- and sex-matched controls without TRO. Methods This cross-sectional study included 106 eyes of 53 patients with TRO and 106 eyes of 53 age- and sex-matched controls without TRO. Patients with TRO were assessed for thyroid hormone status, activity and severity of TRO. All participants completed OSDI questionnaires. Their meibomian glands’ structure and function were assessed, including the area of meibomian gland dropout, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibum expressibility and quality scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining scores. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to compare between the two groups. The correlations between the area of meibomian gland dropout with symptoms and signs of TRO were evaluated using GEE and Spearman correlation. Results All patients with TRO had inactive status. The mean area of meibomian gland dropout was higher in the TRO group (34.5±11.2%) compared with that of controls (30.1±10.7%, P = 0.03). Both mean meibum quality (TRO, 1.6±0.7; Controls, 2.0 ±0.5) and expressibility (TRO, 1.5 ±0.7; Controls, 1.7 ±0.6) scores were slightly better in the TRO group compared with those of controls (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in OSDI, corneal and conjunctival staining, TBUT and LLT. The area of meibomian gland dropout in patients with TRO was correlated with euthyroid status (P<0.05) and lagophthalmos (P = 0.03). Conclusions Patients with inactive TRO showed significantly higher meibomian gland dropout compared with that of age- and sex-matched controls without TRO.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Test Efficacy of Meibomian Gland Morphology and Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Xiao ◽  
Muhammed Yasin Adil ◽  
Jonatan Olafsson ◽  
Xiangjun Chen ◽  
Øygunn A. Utheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function ◽  
Breakup Time

AbstractMeibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye and proposed treatments are based on disease severity. Our purpose was to establish reliable morphologic measurements of meibomian glands for evaluating MGD severity. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 100 MGD patients and 20 controls. The patients were classified into dry eye severity level (DESL) 1–4 based on symptoms and clinical parameters including tear-film breakup time, ocular staining and Schirmer I. The gland loss, length, thickness, density and distortion were analyzed. We compared the morphology between patients and controls; examined their correlations to meibum expressibility, quality, and DESL. Relative to controls, the gland thickness, density and distortion were elevated in patients (p < 0.001 for all tests). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–1.0) for gland loss, and 0.96 (CI 0.91–1.0) for gland distortion, with a cutoff value of six distorted glands yielding a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 97% for MGD diagnosis. The gland distortion was negatively correlated to the meibum expressibility (r = −0.53; p < 0.001) and DESL (r = −0.22, p = 0.018). In conclusion, evaluation of meibomian gland loss and distortion are valuable complementary clinical parameters to assess MGD status.

scholarly journals Frequency Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes with Reference to Age and Sex in Various Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Bakht Biland ◽  
Mohsina Haq ◽  
Sardar Muhammad ◽  
Mohsan Subhani ◽  
Syed Gardezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Genotype 3A

Background: Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world after Egypt. Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan and, worryingly, reinfection rates are also on the rise. This cross-sectional study was aimed at finding the most common genotypes of hepatitis C in terms of age and sex in a Pakistani cohort. Materials and methods: The authors collected blood samples from 1,260 patients with diagnosed hepatitis C visiting a primary teaching hospital affiliated with Peshawar Medical College, Pakistan, from different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, between January 2017 and April 2019. Hepatitis C virus RNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotyping was then performed. Results: The authors found that genotype 3a was the most prevalent type followed by 1a, mixed, and 3b, respectively. Genotypes 2a and 1b were the least prevalent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The most common genotype was 3a, observed in 75.87% of cases. The most common mixed genotype was 3a+1a, observed in 39 cases (3.10%); it had a prevalence of 3.49% in females compared with 2.70% in males. Overall, the most common age group affected by hepatitis C virus was 41–50 years (31.35%), followed by the 51–60 years group (24.45%). Infection rate was comparatively low in other age groups. A significant difference was observed in the prevalence of genotype 3a and 2a among different districts. Conclusion: The authors concluded that genotype 3a was the most prevalent genotype and it was observed more frequently in the female population, with a median age of 45 years.

scholarly journals Lumbar muscle structure and function in chronic versus recurrent low back pain: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien Goubert ◽  
Robby De Pauw ◽  
Mira Meeus ◽  
Tine Willems ◽  
Barbara Cagnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
Recurrent Low Back Pain ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Urinary pentosidine level is associated with grip strength and gait speed in community-dwelling adults: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Moriwaki ◽  
Hiromi Matsumoto ◽  
Chika Tanimura ◽  
Mari Osaki ◽  
Hideki Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Muscle and bone interactions might be associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Urinary pentosidine and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) might affect muscle and bone interactions. It is unclear whether these biomarkers are affected by age and sex or play a role in muscle and physical functions. We aimed to investigate the association between urinary pentosidine and serum 25(OH)D levels with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling adults. Methods Two-hundred and fifty-four middle-aged and elderly adults were enrolled. There was no significant difference in age between 97 men (75.0 ± 8.9 years) and 157 women (73.6 ± 8.1 years). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength, and gait speed were assessed. The urinary pentosidine level was measured. We evaluated the association of urinary pentosidine and serum 25(OH)D levels with age and sex (student’s t-test) and correlations between biomarker and each variable (Pearson’s correlation coefficients). Multiple regression analysis was performed with grip strength and gait speed as dependent variables and with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), speed of sound (SOS), SMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 25(OH)D, and pentosidine as independent variables using the stepwise method. Results The urinary pentosidine level was negatively correlated with grip strength, gait speed, eGFR, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in men and with SOS, grip strength, and gait speed in women. The serum 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with IGF-1 in women and grip strength in men. Grip strength was associated with age, height, and pentosidine in men and height and pentosidine in women. Gait speed was associated with age, BMI, and pentosidine in men and age, height, and pentosidine in women. Conclusion Urinary pentosidine levels are significantly associated with grip strength and gait speed and may serve as a biomarker of muscle and bone interactions.

scholarly journals Feasibility of using a tongue-activated joystick by healthy pre-teen children

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Mariana Amaral ◽  
◽  
Ranata Furlan ◽  
Guilherme Santana ◽  
Clarice Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Force Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Target Force ◽  
Repetition Number ◽  
And Function

PURPOSE: To investigate the motivation and the effects of: tongue movement direction; resistance force level; repetition number; and sustained tongue contraction duration on tongue motor performance in healthy pre-teen children using computer games. METHODS: An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 healthy 11-13 year-old children with normal lingual strength. The participants played six computer games using a tongue-controlled joystick. The series varied the time for continuous force application on the target (3 and 5 seconds) and the target force level (0.5, 1 and 2 N). After the tests, the participants answered a questionnaire about their impressions and reactions to the game. The variables analyzed were number of attempts to score (NAS), time for which the target force was maintained (TTFM), and the time spent for scoring (TSS). RESULTS: Of 43 normally developing candidates screened for the study, 15 (35%) were included for having entirely normal tongue structure and function and for being able to complete all of the study tasks. Of the 15 participants, 11 (73.3%) said that it was easy to play, three (20.0%) found it a bit hard to play, and only one (6.6%) considered it difficult to play. The results suggest that healthy individuals with normal lingual structure and function are able to successfully perform the games, but those with longer durations of sustained contraction (5 seconds) and the most required force (2 N) are the most difficult. Leftward and upward movements were more difficult than rightward and downward movements. CONCLUSION: All of these carefully selected participants were able to perform all of the study tasks, indicating that this method is feasible for pre-teens with normal lingual structure and function. The joystick device encouraged the participants to perform tongue movements that may be part of the typical orofacial myofunctional treatment exercises for tongue function. Results indicated that this game has the potential to be highly motivating for pre-teen children who are able to perform the tasks.

scholarly journals Obesity, orbitofrontal structure and function are associated with food choice: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. e000175-e000175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Cohen ◽  
K. F. Yates ◽  
M. Duong ◽  
A. Convit
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function

The Co-occurrence of Non-suicidal Self-injury and Attempted Suicide Among Adolescents Hospitalized in Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarevic”

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S221-S222
Author(s):  
D. Randjelovic ◽  
S. Mihajlovic ◽  
D. Randjelovic ◽  
D. Nikolic Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Function

IntroductionThe phenomenon of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as an act of deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent is common in adolescence. NSSI and suicide attempts (SA), although distinct behaviors differing in intent, form and function, often co-occur in the same individual.Objective and aimsRecent studies investigate the association between SA and NSSI among adolescent, as well as risk factors associated with these phenomenon. We investigated the co-ccurrence of NSSI and SA among adolescents treated in hospital during the previous year.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study among hospitalized adolescents in the Clinic for mental disorde “Dr Laza Lazarevic”, aged 14 to 18 years, in the period from 01.01.2015 to 01.01.2016. The data were obtained from clinical interviews of patients.ResultsStudy included 146 adolescents, 51.4% male and 48.6% female, average age 15.5. We found a statistically significant difference of NSSI (c2 = 9.951, P = 0.002, phi = 0.276) and SA (c2 = 4.517, P = 0.034, fi = 0.192) among female adolescent. The co-occurrence of NSSI and SA was found in 4.8% of adolescents, which does not indicate a statistically significant difference (c2 = 1.009, P = 0.315, phi = –0.101) compared to the total population of hospitalized adolescents.ConclusionAlthough our study did not confirmed a higher incidence of SA in adolescent with NSSI, understanding of what percentage of those engaging in NSSI also make SA, and how they are related have great significance in their prevention taking into account the dangerousness and lethality of those behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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