scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis under pesticides stress and normal conditions in Bacillus cereus 2D

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0253106
Author(s):  
Saurabh Gangola ◽  
Samiksha Joshi ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Barkha Sharma ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Pesticide Stress ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

A potential pesticide degrading bacterial isolate (2D), showing maximum tolerance (450 mg∙L-1) for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron was recovered from a pesticide contaminated agricultural field. The isolate degraded cypermethrin, imidacloprid, fipronil and sulfosulfuron in minimal salt medium with 94, 91, 89 and 86% respectively as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) analysis after 15 days of incubation. Presence of cyclobutane, pyrrolidine, chloroacetic acid, formic acid and decyl ester as major intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin biodegradation was observed in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results based on 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis showed maximum similarity of 2D with Bacillus cereus (Accession ID: MH341691). Stress responsive and catabolic/pesticide degrading proteins were over expressed in the presence of cypermethrin in bacteria. Enzymatic kinetics of laccase was deduced in the test isolate under normal and pesticide stress conditions which suggested that the production of enzyme was induced significantly in pesticide stress (163 μg.μL-1) as compare to normal conditions(29 μg.μL-1) while the Km value was decreased in pesticides stress condition (Km = 10.57 mM) and increases in normal condition (Km = 14.33 mM).Amplification of laccase gene showed a major band of 1200bp. The present study highlights on the potential of 2D bacterial strain i.e., high tolerance level of pesticide, effective biodegradation rate, and presence of laccase gene in bacterial strain 2D, could become a potential biological agent for large-scale treatment of mixture of pesticide (cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron) in natural environment (soil and water).

scholarly journals Differential analysis of pesticides biodegradation in soil using conventional and high-throughput technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Gangola ◽  
samiksha Joshi ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil

A potential pesticide degrading bacterial isolate (2D), showing maximum tolerance (450 ppm) for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron was recovered from a pesticide contaminated agricultural field. The isolate degraded cypermethrin, imidacloprid, fipronil and sulfosulfuron in minimal salt medium with 94, 91, 89 and 86% respectively as revealed by HPLC and GC analysis after 15 days of incubation. Presence of cyclobutane, pyrrolidine, chloroacetic acid, formic acid and decyl ester as major intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin biodegradation was observed in GC-MS analysis. Results based on 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis showed maximum similarity of 2D with Bacillus cereus (MH341691). Stress responsive and catabolic/ pesticide degrading proteins were over expressed in the presence of cypermethrin in bacteria. Enzyme kinetics of laccase was deduced in the test isolate under normal and pesticide stress conditions. Amplification of laccase gene showed a major band of 1200bp. Maximum copy number of 16S rDNA was seenin uncontaminated soil as compared to pesticide contaminated soil using qRT-PCR. The metagenome sequencing revealed reduction in the population of proteobacteria in contaminated soil as compared to uncontaminated soil but showed dominance of actinobacteria, firmicutes and bacteriodates in pesticide spiked soil. Presence of some new phyla like chloroflexi, planctomycetes, verrucomicrobia was observed followed by extinction of acidobacteria and crenarchaeota in spiked soil. The present study highlights on the potential of 2D bacterial strain i.e., high tolerance level of pesticide, effective biodegradation rate, and presence of laccase gene in bacterial strain 2D, could become a potential biological agent for large-scale treatment of mixture of pesticide (cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron) in natural environment (soil and water).

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daging Buah Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera Casturi) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dan Bacillus Cereus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Meliana Meliana ◽  
Sogandi Sogandi ◽  
Ekajayanti Kining
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) is a typical plant of South Kalimantan which has only been used for consumption because of its distinctive taste and aroma. Mangifera indica, which is in the same genus as Mangifera casturi, shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiarrheal activity, so it is suspected that this plant has the same activity. Crude methanol extract from the meat of Casturi mango was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water. Testing for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The positive control used was Chloramphenicol because it has an antibacterial range that is rather broad and the negative control used was 10% DMSO. The fraction that had the greatest antibacterial activity was the ethyl acetate fraction; with the formation of a clear zone of 7.98mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7.52mm against Bacillus cereus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2mg/mL. The next test was a cell leakage analysis which revealed an increase in absorbance at MIC 1 and MIC 2. The Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results from the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoide content, with the highest compound concentration of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Keywords: Antibacterial, Extract, Ethyl acetate, fraction, Mangifera casturi Abstrak Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan Selatan yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk dikonsumsi karena rasa dan aromanya yang khas. Mangifera indica yang masih satu genus dengan Mangifera casturi menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, antijamur, dan antidiare sehingga diduga tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas yang sama. Ekstrak kasar metanol daging buah mangga kasturi difraksinasi dengan menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan metanol-air. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan kadar hambat minimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby- Bauer). Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Chloramfenikol karena memiliki spektrum antibakteri yang cukup luas dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 10%. Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar pada penelitian ini adalah fraksi etil asetat dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 7,98mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 7,52mm terhadap Bacillus cereus dengan kadar hambat minimum 2mg/mL. Uji selanjutnya adalah uji kebocoran sel yang menyatakan adanya peningkatan absorbansi pada KHM 1 dan KHM 2. Hasil pemeriksaan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) dari fraksi etil asetat menyatakan adanya kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida dengan senyawa tertinggi yaitu 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak, Etil asetat, Fraksi, Mangifera castur

scholarly journals Lowering cutoffs for initial and confirmation testing for cocaine and marijuana: large-scale study of effects on the rates of drug-positive results

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Wingert
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract A large-scale study was conducted to determine whether lowering the initial testing and confirmation testing cutoffs in urine would significantly affect the positive rates for cocaine (COC) and marijuana (THC). Customary cutoffs for COC are 300 μg/L and 150 μg/L for initial testing (screening) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS; confirmation), respectively; for THC, the usual respective cutoffs are 50 μg/L and 10 μg/L. By applying a screening cutoff of 100 μg/L for COC and lowering the GC-MS cutoff to 50 μg/L, the COC-positive rate increased from 1.2% to 2.1%. For THC, lowering the screening cutoff to 20 μg/L while leaving the GC-MS cutoff at 10 μg/L increased the THC-positive rate from 2.8% to 4.1%. These increases appear noteworthy.

scholarly journals WiPP: Workflow for Improved Peak Picking for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Data

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borgsmüller ◽  
Gloaguen ◽  
Opialla ◽  
Blanc ◽  
Sicard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Peak Detection ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Peak Picking ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Dataset

Lack of reliable peak detection impedes automated analysis of large-scale gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics datasets. Performance and outcome of individual peak-picking algorithms can differ widely depending on both algorithmic approach and parameters, as well as data acquisition method. Therefore, comparing and contrasting between algorithms is difficult. Here we present a workflow for improved peak picking (WiPP), a parameter optimising, multi-algorithm peak detection for GC-MS metabolomics. WiPP evaluates the quality of detected peaks using a machine learning-based classification scheme based on seven peak classes. The quality information returned by the classifier for each individual peak is merged with results from different peak detection algorithms to create one final high-quality peak set for immediate down-stream analysis. Medium- and low-quality peaks are kept for further inspection. By applying WiPP to standard compound mixes and a complex biological dataset, we demonstrate that peak detection is improved through the novel way to assign peak quality, an automated parameter optimisation, and results in integration across different embedded peak picking algorithms. Furthermore, our approach can provide an impartial performance comparison of different peak picking algorithms. WiPP is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/bihealth/WiPP) under MIT licence.

Evaluation of selective extraction methods for recovery of polyphenols from pine

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Fang ◽  
Jarl Hemming ◽  
Markku Reunanen ◽  
Patrik Eklund ◽  
Enma Conde Pineiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract The extraction conditions have been evaluated concerning the recovery of specific polyphenols from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) knots by means of an accelerated solvent extractor. The composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The main phenolic compounds are the stilbenes pinosylvin and its monomethyl ether and the lignan nortrachelogenin (NTG), and their amounts vary a lot from sample to sample. The sequential extraction with a nonpolar solvent as a first step for removing the lipophilic compounds was the most efficient approach for the recovery of both pinosylvins and NTG. For food applications, hot water and 85% aqueous ethanol were good solvents for the production of the substances in focus. An industrial knotwood sample from a pulp mill was sequentially extracted with cyclohexane and ethanol/water (95:5) in a large-scale Soxhlet equipment. The results show that the industrial production of pinosylvins and NTG from knots is feasible.

scholarly journals Active constituents of Litsea cubeba

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3 Part A) ◽  
pp. 1745-1752
Author(s):  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Dongfang Zheng ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Yafeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation ◽  
Active Substances

Litsea cubeba is a plant of Lauraceae and Litsea. It is a valuable plant and has a wide range of uses, including in traditional Chinese medicine. Herein, Litsea cubeba wood was harvested from Henan Province, The active ingredients were extracted from Litsea cubeba wood by modern techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thermal gravimetric analysis, and thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis results show that the wood of Litsea cubeba contains a large amount of valuable active substances that can be utilized in medicine, bio-energy, and spices and flavorings, and large-scale cultivation of this plant could be beneficial.

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