scholarly journals Substance use behavior and its lifestyle-related risk factors in Bangladeshi high school-going adolescents: An exploratory study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254926
Author(s):  
Mst. Sabrina Moonajilin ◽  
Md Khalid Ibne Kamal ◽  
Firoj al Mamun ◽  
Mariam Binte Safiq ◽  
Ismail Hosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Time And Being ◽  
Use Behavior

Substance abuse is a major concern worldwide and is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh. However, there are no prior studies concerning lifestyle-related factors that influence adolescents’ substance use behavior. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of substance use and its associated sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors among a total of 424 Bangladeshi high school-going adolescents through a structured questionnaire interview study. The survey questionnaire consisted of socio-demographics, lifestyle-related information, and substance use-related questions. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 22.0, and a p-value of <0.05 determined statistical significance. Results showed that 21.2%, 14.4%, and 15.1% of the participants reported smoking, using a drug, and consuming alcohol, respectively, at least once during their lifespan; whereas the current (i.e., past-month) rates were reported to be 10.4%, 2.8%, and 3.1%, respectively. Overall, the current substance use risk factors were identified as being male, not being from science academic background, having less family influence on personal life, irregular teeth brushing, being smartphone users, using a smartphone for a longer time, and being late-night sleepers. From the list of identified risk factors of substance use, those that are modifiable may be targeted to evolve a prevention program to manage this problem in Bangladeshi adolescents.

scholarly journals Substance Use: Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
K.A. Durowade ◽  
O.E. Elegbede ◽  
G.B. Pius-Imue ◽  
A. Omeiza ◽  
M. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health

Background: Substance use is a global public health problem with increasing burden among university students. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of substance use among undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data collection tool was a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Statistical significance was set at p value <0.05Results: The respondents’ mean age was 19.5 ± 2.0 years and all 416 (100.0%) were aware of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance use was 299 (71.9%). Alcohol 133 (32.0%) and over-the-counter drugs (29.9%) were the two most commonly used substance. Being male (p=0.017) and in 400 level (p=0.047) were associated with substance use while curiosity 112 (37.5%), peer pressure 95 (31.8%) and school stress 85 (28.4%) were reasons given. Predictors of substance use were being a female (aOR: 2.54; 95% CI=1.89-3.66; p=0.011), civil servant mother (aOR: 5.75; 95% CI=1.90-17.4; p=0.002) and mother with secondary education (aOR: 5.27; 95% CI= 2.20- 12.65; p<0.001).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of substance use with curiosity, peer pressure and school stress being influencers of substance use among the study population. Predictors of substance use were being a female, civil servant mother and mother with secondary education. The University authority should institute measures to prevent access to alcohol and other substances by the students.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury in Critical Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lunyang Hu ◽  
Baoli Wang ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Banghui Zhu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Critical Patients

Abstract Background: Until now, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) has been considered to be the leading cause of blood transfusion-related diseases and death. And there is no clinically effective treatment plan for TRALI. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the literature on risk factors for TRALI in critical patients. Methods: Electronic searches (up to March 2020) were performed in the Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, Embase, and PubMed databases. We included studies reporting on the risk factors of TRALI for critical patients and extracted the risk factors. Finally, third studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: We summarized and analyzed the potential risk factors of TRALI for critical patients in 13 existing studies. The host-related factors were age (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] = 1.16 [1.08-1.24]), sex (OR = 1.26 [1.16-1.38]), tobacco use status (OR = 3.82 [1.91-7.65]), chronic alcohol abuse (OR = 3.82 [2.97-26.83]), fluid balance (OR = 1.24 [1.08-1.42]), shock before transfusion (OR = 4.41 [2.38-8.20]), and ASA score of the recipients (OR = 2.72 [1.43-5.16]). The transfusion-related factors were the number of transfusions (OR = 1.40 [1.14-1.72]) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) units (OR = 1.21 [1.01-1.46]). The device-related factor was mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.13 [2.20-7.76]). Conclusions: The risk factors for TRALI in this study included age, sex, tobacco use, chronic alcohol abuse, fluid balance, shock before transfusion, ASA score, number of transfusions, FFP units and mechanical ventilation. Our study suggests that host-related risk factors play a more important role in the occurrence and development of TRALI than blood transfusion-related risk factors.

Restraint or not restraint. Involuntary transport from home of schizophrenic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s836-s836
Author(s):  
B. Samso ◽  
S. Ramos ◽  
A. Malagón ◽  
A. Gonzalez ◽  
M. Bellsolà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAlthough physical restraint (PR) is a non-rarely practice on psychiatry there are few studies that focus the attention on the risk factors for this intervention. PR is a legitimacy practice when is needed and well applied but is not free from side effects. Knowing risk factors might be useful to improve the application of PR.ObjectivesStudy the risk factors involved with the use of PR at patient's home in individuals with schizophrenia before the involuntary transport (IT) to a psychiatric facility.MethodsIs a descriptive and observational study of 267 psychotic patients that were assisted by a psychiatric home care unit (EMSE) in Barcelona during their IT. The sample was divided in two groups, depending on the need of PR. Socio-demographic data were collected as well as positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), WHO disability assessment schedule (WHO/DAS), global assessment of functioning scale (GAF), Scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder (SUMD). Aggressiveness was assessed by PANSS-EC consisting of 5 items: excitement, tension, hostility, uncooperativeness and poor impulse.ResultsFrom the 267 psychotic patients 109 required PR. 154 were male and the average of age was 47. The results were significant in the PR group versus no PR for PANSS-EC (P = 0.000), as well as WHO/DAS (P = 0.017), GAF (P = 0.042), Positive PANSS (P = 0.000), age (P = 0.001) and substance use (P = 0.012). Were no significant for gender, insight or Negative PANSS.ConclusionsAggressiveness and violence were the most important PR related factors followed by positive symptoms, age, substance use and global functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Problem gambling and support preferences among Finnish prisoners: a pilot study in an adult correctional population

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Lind ◽  
Anne H. Salonen ◽  
Johanna Järvinen-Tassopoulos ◽  
Hannu Alho ◽  
Sari Castrén
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Previous Sentence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of potential problem gambling among Finnish prisoners; the associations between problem gambling and demographics, substance use and crime-related factors; and problem gamblers’ support preferences. Design/methodology/approach Prisoners (n=96) from two Finnish prisons were recruited between December 2017 and January 2018. The estimated response rate was 31 percent. Gambling problems were measured using the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen. The participants were asked to report their gambling both for one year prior to their incarceration and for the past year. The independent variables were demographics (age, gender and marital status), substance use (alcohol, smoking and narcotics) and crime-related factors (crime type, prison type and previous sentence). Statistical significance (p) was determined using Fischer’s exact test. Findings Past-year pre-conviction problem gambling prevalence was 16.3 percent and past-year prevalence 15 percent. Age, gender, smoking, alcohol or illicit drug use were not associated with past-year problem gambling before sentencing. One-third of the prisoners (33.3 percent) who were sentenced for a property crime, financial crime or robbery were problem gamblers. One-quarter (24 percent) of all participants showed an interest in receiving support by identifying one or more support preferences. The most preferred type of support was group support in its all forms. Research limitations/implications It is recommended that correctional institutions undertake systematic screening for potential problem gambling, and implement tailored intervention programs for inmates with gambling problems. Originality/value This study provides a deeper understanding of problem gambling in prisons. Problem gambling is associated with crime and also seems to be linked with serving a previous sentence. Early detection and tailored interventions for problem gambling may help to reduce reoffending rates.

Epidemiologic Study of Infant Botulism in Pennsylvania: Report of the Infant Botulism Study Group

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-934
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Long
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Botulism ◽  
Low Prevalence

The majority of the almost 400 confirmed cases of infant botulism in the United States have occurred in California, Pennsylvania, and Utah. In Pennsyvania, 44 of 53 (83%) cases occurred within a geographic area of Southeastern Pennsylvania which represents one tenth of the Commonwealth's area and one third of the population at risk for infant botulism. In Southeastern Pennsylvania, a map of the residences of cases circumscribes a discrete ring around Philadelphia. A case-control study performed to seek host-related risk factors, identifies the significant associations of botulism with infants who are white, breast-fed, and born at term into two-parent families with hospitalization insurance. County control studies were performed to identify differences in host-related factors between areas of high and low prevalence of botulism. Although some "protection" could be afforded Philadelphia infants by their feeding and family characteristics, the differences in case rates between Philadelphia and the botulism "ring counties" cannot be explained entirely by host-related factors. Further, the absence of botulism in counties just outside of the botulism "ring," where infants were found to have identical potential risk factors, suggests that an uneven distribution of botulinal spores in the environment is the most significant determinant of case rate.

The Nature, Functions and Related Risk Factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Turkish High School Students

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burge Kabukcu Basay ◽  
Omer Basay ◽  
Tezan Bildik ◽  
Burcu Ozbaran ◽  
Rasiha Kandulu Olcay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals Cancer Epidemiology: A Survey of Modifiable Risk Factors for Prevention and Survivorship

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Arem ◽  
Erikka Loftfield
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Current State ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
And Control

Approximately 40% of men and women in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives. There have been dramatic developments in our understanding of cancer development and progression in recent decades, leading to improvements in screening and treatment, and in turn greater numbers of survivors living longer after diagnosis. Epidemiologic evidence of lifestyle-related factors and cancer risk and survival has been explored extensively in the published literature, with recommendations for cancer prevention and control and strategies for implementation evolving over time. This review summarizes the burden of cancer, general measurement issues in cancer epidemiology, and the current state of the science in specific lifestyle-related risk factors and cancer. It is estimated that one third to one half of cancers could be prevented by healthier lifestyle choices.

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