scholarly journals 3,3’-Diindolylmethane induces apoptosis and autophagy in fission yeast

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0255758
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Emami ◽  
Masaru Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Early Time ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Time Point

3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in the broccoli family. It induces apoptosis and autophagy in some types of human cancer. DIM extends lifespan in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mechanisms by which DIM induces apoptosis and autophagy in humans and expands lifespan in fission yeasts are not fully understood. Here, we show that DIM induces apoptosis and autophagy in log-phase cells, which is dose-dependent in fission yeast. A high concentration of DIM disrupted the nuclear envelope (NE) structure and induced chromosome condensation at an early time point. In contrast, a low concentration of DIM induced autophagy but did not disrupt NE structure. The mutant defective in autophagy was more sensitive to a low concentration of DIM, demonstrating that the autophagic pathway contributes to the survival of cells against DIM. Moreover, our results showed that the lem2 mutant is more sensitive to DIM. NE in the lem2 mutant was disrupted even at the low concentration of DIM. Our results demonstrate that the autophagic pathway and NE integrity are important to maintain viability in the presence of a low concentration of DIM. The mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy induction by DIM might be conserved in fission yeast and humans. Further studies will contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy by DIM in fission yeast and humans.

scholarly journals 3,3'-Diindolylmethane induces apoptosis and autophagy in fission yeast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Emami ◽  
Masaru Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Early Time ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Time Point

3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, found in the broccoli family. It induces apoptosis and autophagy in some types of human cancer. DIM extends lifespan in the fission yeast  Schizosaccharomyces pombe . The mechanisms by which DIM induces apoptosis and autophagy in humans and expands lifespan in fission yeasts are not fully understood. Here, we show that DIM induces apoptosis and autophagy in log-phase cells, which is dose-dependent in fission yeast. A high concentration of DIM disrupted the nuclear envelope (NE) structure and induced chromosome condensation at an early time point. In contrast, a low concentration of DIM induced autophagy but did not disrupt NE structure. The mutant defective in autophagy was more sensitive to a low concentration of DIM, demonstrating that the autophagic pathway contributes to the survival of cells against DIM. Moreover, our results showed that the  lem2 mutant is more sensitive to DIM. NE in the  lem2  mutant was disrupted even at the low concentration of DIM. Our results demonstrate that the autophagic pathway and NE integrity are important to maintain viability in the presence of a low concentration of DIM. The mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy induction by DIM might be conserved in fission yeast and humans. Further studies will contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy by DIM in fission yeast and humans.

Cranioplasty Reverses Dysfunction of the Solutes Distribution in the Brain Parenchyma After Decompressive Craniectomy

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1064-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Borha ◽  
Audrey Chagnot ◽  
Romain Goulay ◽  
Evelyne Emery ◽  
Denis Vivien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Homeostasis ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Solutes distribution by the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluxes along perivascular spaces and through interstitial fluid (ISF) play a key role in the clearance of brain metabolites, with essential functions in maintaining brain homeostasis. Objective To investigate the impact of decompressive craniectomy (DC) and cranioplasty (CP) on the efficacy of solutes distribution by the intracranial CSF and ISF flux. Methods Mice were allocated in 3 groups: sham surgery, DC, and DC followed by CP. The solutes distribution in the brain parenchyma was assessed using T1 magnetic resonance imaging after injection of DOTA-Gadolinium in the cisterna magna. This evaluation was performed at an early time point following DC (after 2 d) and at a later time point (after 15 d). We evaluated the solutes distribution in the whole brain and in the region underneath the DC area. Results Our results demonstrate that the global solutes distribution in the brain parenchyma is impaired after DC in mice, both at early and late time-points. However, there was no impact of DC on the solutes distribution just under the craniectomy. We then provide evidence that this impairment was reversed by CP. Conclusion The solute distribution in the brain parenchyma by the CSF and ISF is impaired by DC, a phenomenon reversed by CP.

Salt induced programmed cell death in rice: evidence from chloroplast proteome signature

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Vivek Ambastha ◽  
Sudhir K. Sopory ◽  
Baishnab C. Tripathy ◽  
Budhi Sagar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
Phosphorylation Pattern ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Chloroplast Proteome ◽  
Time Point

Soil salinity, depending on its intensity, drives a challenged plant either to death, or survival with compromised productivity. On exposure to moderate salinity, plants can often survive by sacrificing some of their cells ‘in target’ following a route called programmed cell death (PCD). In animals, PCD has been well characterised, and involvement of mitochondria in the execution of PCD events has been unequivocally proven. In plants, mechanistic details of the process are still in grey area. Previously, we have shown that in green tissues of rice, for salt induced PCD to occur, the presence of active chloroplasts and light are equally important. In the present work, we have characterised the chloroplast proteome in rice seedlings at 12 and 24 h after salt exposure and before the time point where the signature of PCD was observed. We identified almost 100 proteins from chloroplasts, which were divided in to 11 categories based on the biological functions in which they were involved. Our results concerning the differential expression of chloroplastic proteins revealed involvement of some novel candidates. Moreover, we observed maximum phosphorylation pattern of chloroplastic proteins at an early time point (12 h) of salt exposure.

Inhibition of prostaglandin effects by ouabain in the canine vascular tissue

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kadar ◽  
F. A. Sunahara
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Dependent Atpase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of prostaglandins on the isolated mesenteric vein and artery of the dog were investigated. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibited spontaneous contractions of the tissue whereas prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulated them. The effects of prostaglandins were not influenced by pretreatment with atropine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, or tetrodotoxin. The norepinephrine-induced contractions were inhibited by PGE1 and enhanced by PGF1α and PGF2α Both these contrasting effects were enhanced in a low concentration of K+ (1.2 mM) and diminished when the media contained K+ in high concentration (23.2 mM). Pretreatment of the tissue with ouabain in sufficiently high concentration (1.5 × 10−5 M) produced an initial contracture followed by relaxation. PGE1 and PGF1α had no effect on the ouabain-treated tissue but PGF2α still induced dose-dependent contractions. In the ouabain-treated tissue the effects of PGE1 and PGF1α on the norepinephrine-induced contraction were also absent. From these experiments it is concluded that the transport enzyme (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase is necessary for PGE1 and PGF1α to elicit their action on vascular tissue. The PGF2α effect is probably mediated by an enzyme which is not sensitive to ouabain.

scholarly journals Equivalent tumor detection for early and late FAPI-46 PET acquisition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ferdinandus ◽  
L. Kessler ◽  
N. Hirmas ◽  
M. Trajkovic-Arsic ◽  
R. Hamacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Time ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Organ Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Time Point ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Introduction Positron emission tomography (PET) using small ligands of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was recently introduced. However, optimal uptake time has not been defined yet. Here, we systematically compare early (~ 10 min p.i.) and late (~ 60 min p.i.) FAPI-46 imaging in patients with various types of cancer. Methods This is a retrospective single-institutional study. Imaging was performed at the Essen University Hospital, Germany. A total of 69 patients who underwent dual time-point imaging for either restaging (n = 52, 75%) or staging (n = 17, 25%) of cancer were included. Patients underwent PET with two acquisitions: early (mean 11 min, SD 4) and late (mean 66 min, SD 9). Mean injected activity was 148 MBq (SD 33). Results In total, 400 lesions were detected in 69 patients. Two of 400 (0.5%) lesions were only seen in early time-point imaging but not in late time-point imaging. On a per-patient level, there was no significant difference between SUVmax of hottest tumor lesions (Wilcoxon: P = 0.73). Organ uptake demonstrated significant early to late decrease in SUVmean (average ∆SUVmean: − 0.48, − 0.14, − 0.27 for gluteus, liver, and mediastinum, respectively; Wilcoxon: P < 0.001). On a per-lesion basis, a slight increase of SUVmax was observed (average ∆SUVmax: + 0.4, Wilcoxon: P = 0.03). Conclusion In conclusion, early (~ 10 min p.i.) versus late (~ 60 min p.i.) FAPI-46 imaging resulted in equivalent lesion uptake and tumor detection. For improved feasibility and scan volume, we implement early FAPI-46 PET in future clinical and research protocols.

scholarly journals Targeted Nanoprobes Reveal Early Time Point Kinetics In Vivo by Time-Resolved MRI

Theranostics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwinkumar Bhirde ◽  
Ning Guo ◽  
Xiaoyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Early Time ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Point Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics In Vivo ◽  
Time Point

scholarly journals Oral bacteriophages are maintained at high levels for months in individuals but infrequently transmitted between mothers and infants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford J. Beall ◽  
Rosalyn M. Sulyanto ◽  
Ann L. Griffen ◽  
Eugene J. Leys
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Detectable Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Early Time Point ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Metagenomic Assembly ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACTIn this work, we exploit recent advances in metagenomic assembly and bacteriophage identification to describe the phage content of saliva from 5 mother-baby pairs sampled twice 7 - 11 months apart during the first year of the babies’ lives. We identify 25 phage genomes that are comprised of one to 71 contigs, with 16 having a single contig. At the detectable level, phage were sparsely distributed with the most common one being present in 4 of the 20 samples, derived from two mothers and one baby. However, if they were present in the early time point sample from an individual, they were also present in the later sample from the same person more frequently than expected by chance. The nucleotide diversity (π) in phage from the same sample or the same person was much lower than between different individuals, indicating dominance of one strain in each person. This was different from bacterial genomes, which had higher diversity indicating the presence of multiple strains within an individual. We identify likely bacterial hosts for 16 of the 25 phage, including an apparent inovirus that is capable of integrating in the dif site ofHaemophilusspecies. It appears that phage in the oral cavity are sparsely distributed, but can be maintained for months once acquired.

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