scholarly journals Herpes zoster epidemiology in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255877
Author(s):  
Ariel Esteban Bardach ◽  
Carolina Palermo ◽  
Tomás Alconada ◽  
Macarena Sandoval ◽  
Darío Javier Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Hospitalization Rates

The epidemiology and burden of Herpes Zoster (HZ) are largely unknown, and there are no recent reviews summarizing the available evidence from the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the epidemiology and burden of HZ in LAC. Bibliographic databases and grey literature sources were consulted to find studies published (January 2000 –February 2020) with epidemiological endpoints: cumulative incidence and incidence density (HZ cases per 100,000 person-years), prevalence, case-fatality rates, HZ mortality, hospitalization rates, and rates of each HZ complication. Twenty-six studies were included with most studies coming from Brazil. No studies reported the incidence of HZ in the general population. In population at higher risk, the cumulative incidence ranged from 318–3,423 cases of HZ per 100,000 persons per year of follow-up. The incidence density was 6.4–36.5 cases per 1,000 person-years. Age was identified as a major risk factor towards HZ incidence which increase significantly in people >50 years of age. Hospitalization rates ranged from 3%–35.7%. The in-hospital HZ mortality rate ranged from 0%–36%. Overall, HZ mortality rates were found to be higher in females across all age groups and countries. The incidence of HZ complications (such as post-herpetic neuralgia, ophthalmic herpes zoster, and Ramsay Hunt syndrome) was higher in the immunosuppressed compared to the immunocompetent population. Acyclovir was the most frequently used therapy. Epidemiological data from Ministry of Health databases (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile y Mexico) and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease project reported stable rates of hospitalizations and deaths over the last 10 years. High-risk groups for HZ impose a considerable burden in LAC. They could benefit from directed healthcare initiatives, including adult immunization, to prevent HZ occurrence and its complications.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on COVID-19 infection-fatality rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz ◽  
Lea Merone
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAn important unknown during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the infection-fatality rate (IFR). This differs from the case-fatality rate (CFR) as an estimate of the number of deaths as a proportion of the total number of cases, including those who are mild and asymptomatic. While the CFR is extremely valuable for experts, IFR is increasingly being called for by policy-makers and the lay public as an estimate of the overall mortality from COVID-19.MethodsPubmed and Medrxiv were searched using a set of terms and Boolean operators on 25/04/2020. Articles were screened for inclusion by both authors. Meta-analysis was performed in Stata 15.1 using the metan command, based on IFR and confidence intervals extracted from each study. Google/Google Scholar was used to assess the grey literature relating to government reports.ResultsAfter exclusions, there were 13 estimates of IFR included in the final meta-analysis, from a wide range of countries, published between February and April 2020.The meta-analysis demonstrated a point-estimate of IFR of 0.75% (0.49-1.01%) with significant heterogeneity (p<0.001).ConclusionBased on a systematic review and meta-analysis of published evidence on COVID-19 until the end of April, 2020, the IFR of the disease across populations is 0.75% (0.49-1.01%). However, due to very high heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, it is difficult to know if this represents the ‘true’ point estimate. It is likely that different places will experience different IFRs. More research looking at age-stratified IFR is urgently needed to inform policy-making on this front.

scholarly journals Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death—Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky G. F. M. Beukers ◽  
Naichuan Su ◽  
Bruno G. Loos ◽  
Geert J. M. G. van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Meta Analyses

Tooth loss reflects the endpoint of two major dental diseases: dental caries and periodontitis. These comprise 2% of the global burden of human diseases. A lower number of teeth has been associated with various systemic diseases, in particular, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). The aim was to summarize the evidence of tooth loss related to the risk for ACVD or death. Cohort studies with prospective follow-up data were retrieved from Medline-PubMed and EMBASE. Following the PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers independently selected articles, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data on the number of teeth (tooth loss; exposure) and ACVD-related events and all-cause mortality (ACM) (outcome). A total of 75 articles were included of which 44 were qualified for meta-analysis. A lower number of teeth was related to a higher outcome risk; the pooled risk ratio (RR) for the cumulative incidence of ACVD ranged from 1.69 to 2.93, and for the cumulative incidence of ACM, the RR ranged from 1.76 to 2.27. The pooled multiple adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the incidence density of ACVD ranged from 1.02 to 1.21, and for the incidence density of ACM, the HR ranged from 1.02 to 1.30. This systematic review and meta-analyses of survival data show that a lower number of teeth is a risk factor for both ACVD and death. Health care professionals should use this information to inform their patients and increase awareness on the importance of good dental health and increase efforts to prevent tooth loss.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and distribution of Taenia and Echinococcus infections in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigus Abebe Shumuye ◽  
John Asekhaen Ohiolei ◽  
Mebrahtu Berhe Gebremedhin ◽  
Hong-Bin Yan ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Tapeworm infections are among the tropical neglected parasitic diseases endemically occurring in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims at estimating the pooled prevalence and distribution of Taenia and Echinococcus infections in humans and animals from reports from Ethiopia. Methods The systematic search was conducted in four bibliographic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Africa Journal Online and Science Direct). Additional data were retrieved from grey literature. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were considered for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using MetaXL add-in for Microsoft Excel. Heterogeneity and inconsistency were evaluated using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics, respectively. Results The study provides a country-based database of Taenia and Echinococcus infections consisting of 311 datasets from 201 publications which were mostly abattoir surveys; of these, 251 datasets were subjected to meta-analysis. Most of the studies were from Oromia (32.8%) followed by Amhara (22.9%) regional states. The pooled prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in intermediate and accidental hosts was calculated as 22% (95% CI 18–26%) and high study variability (Q = 24,420.65, I2 = 100%, P = 0.000). Moreover, a pooled prevalence of Echinococcus infections in final hosts was calculated as 33% (95% CI 20–48%) and low study variability (Q = 17.24, I2 = 65%, P = 0.001). Similarly, study subjects (human, cattle, sheep, goat and wolf) were infected by Taenia spp. with pooled prevalence of 3% (95% CI 2–4%) and moderate study variability (Q = 279.07, I2 = 89, P = 0.000). Meanwhile, the pooled prevalence of Taenia hydatigena, T. ovis and T. multiceps infections in intermediate hosts were calculated as 38%, 14% and 5%, respectively. The random effect meta-analysis of bovine cysticercosis showed a pooled prevalence of 7% (95% CI 5–9%) and high study variability was of (Q = 4458.76; I2 = 99%, P = 0.000). Significant differences in prevalence of Taenia and Echinococcus infections between study sites or different livestock origins have been reported. Conclusion The study evidenced a comprehensive dataset on the prevalence and distribution of Taenia and Echinococcus infections at different interfaces by regions and hosts and hence can aid in the design of more effective control strategies. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Global seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Bobrovitz ◽  
Rahul Krishan Arora ◽  
Christian Cao ◽  
Emily Boucher ◽  
Michael Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
National Studies

AbstractBackgroundStudies reporting estimates of the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies have rapidly emerged. We aimed to synthesize seroprevalence data to better estimate the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, identify high-risk groups, and inform public health decision making.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched publication databases, preprint servers, and grey literature sources for seroepidemiological study reports, from January 1, 2020 to August 28, 2020. We included studies that reported a sample size, study date, location, and seroprevalence estimate. Estimates were corrected for imperfect test accuracy with Bayesian measurement error models. We conducted meta-analysis to identify demographic differences in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and meta-regression to identify study-level factors associated with seroprevalence. We compared region-specific seroprevalence data to confirmed cumulative incidence. PROSPERO: CRD42020183634.FindingsWe identified 338 seroprevalence studies including 2.3 million participants in 50 countries. Seroprevalence was low in the general population (median 3.2%, IQR 1.0-6.4%) and slightly higher in at-risk populations (median 5.4%, IQR 1.5-18.4%). Median seroprevalence varied by WHO Global Burden of Disease region (p < 0.01), from 1.0% in Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania to 18.8% in South Asia. National studies had lower seroprevalence estimates than local (p = 0.02) studies. Compared to White persons, Black persons (prevalence ratio [RR] 2.34, 95% CI 1.60-3.43) and Asian persons (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.22-2.01) were more likely to be seropositive. Seroprevalence was higher among people ages 18-64 compared to 65 and over (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.52). Health care workers had a 1.74x (95% CI: 1.18-2.58) higher risk compared to the general population. There was no difference in seroprevalence between sexes. There were 123 studies (36%) at low or moderate risk of bias. Seroprevalence estimates from national studies were median 11.9 (IQR 8.0 - 16.6) times higher than the corresponding SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence.InterpretationMost of the population remains susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Public health measures must be improved to protect disproportionately affected groups, including non-White people and adults. Measures taken in SE Asia, E Asia and Oceania, and Latin America and Caribbean may have been more effective in controlling virus transmission than measures taken in other regions.FundingPublic Health Agency of Canada through the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force.

Incidence and Use of Resources for Chickenpox and Herpes Zoster in Latin America and the Caribbean—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
María Luisa Cafferata ◽  
Karen Klein ◽  
Gabriela Cormick ◽  
Luz Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Caribbean

Meta-Analysis and Time Series Modeling Allow a Systematic Review of Primary HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Prevalence in Latin America and Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Coelho ◽  
Ronald Moura ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Anselmo Kamada ◽  
Rafael Guimaraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Series Modeling ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047283
Author(s):  
Rosalind Gittins ◽  
Louise Missen ◽  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

scholarly journals Knowledge and utilisation of preconception care and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Degu Ayele ◽  
Habtamu Gebrehana Belay ◽  
Bekalu Getnet Kassa ◽  
Mulugeta Dile Worke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Care Services

Abstract Background Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavioural, and social health interventions provided to women and couples before conception. However, in Ethiopia, little is known and practised to support preconception care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess women’s knowledge and utilisation of preconception care and its associated factors in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis. Method In the current meta-analysis, variables were searched from different electronic database systems, which included PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature. Data were extracted using a standardised data collection measurement tool. The data were analysed by using STATA 14 statistical software. I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was used to forecast the pooled knowledge and utilisation of preconception care. Results Thirteen full-text studies were included. The pooled prevalence of knowledge and utilisation of preconception care among women in Ethiopia was 30.95% and 16.27% respectivelly. Secondary education (OR = 2.78, 95% CI,2.01–3.85), college and above (OR = 5.05, 95% CI,2.70–9.44), and antenatal care (OR = 3.89, 95% CI, 1.69–8.98) were significantly associated with knowledge level whereas; age (OR = 2.43, 95% CI, 1.30–4.53) and knowledge on preconception care (OR = 3.95, 95% CI,2.35–6.62) were positively associated with utilisation of preconception. Conclusions Women’s level of knowledge and utilisation of preconception care was significantly low. Educational status and antenatal care follow-up were factors shown to affect knowledge of preconception care. Age and having a sound knowledge of preconception care indicated a significant association towards utilisation of preconception care. Thus, integrating preconception care strategies and policies that can address all the components of preconception care services with other maternal and child health services will be essential when designing effective implementation strategies to improve preconception care uptake. Besides this, advocating for better education for women, awareness creation, and increasing antenatal care services are essential. Prospero registration: CRD42020218062

scholarly journals Incidence of Herpes Zoster in HIV-Infected Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
Han-Chang Ku ◽  
Yi-Tseng Tsai ◽  
Sriyani-Padmalatha Konara-Mudiyanselage ◽  
Yi-Lin Wu ◽  
Tsung Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Living With Hiv

The incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients infected with HIV is higher than that of the general population. However, the incidence of HZ in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled incidence rate and risk factors for HZ in the post-ART era. We identified studies assessing the incidence of HZ in the post-ART era between 1 January 2000 and 28 February 2021, from four databases. Pooled risk ratios were calculated from 11 articles using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity of the included trials was evaluated by visually inspecting funnel plots, performing random-effects meta-regression and using I2 statistics. Of the 2111 studies screened, we identified 11 studies that were eligible for final inclusion in the systematic review and 8 studies that were eligible for a meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of HZ in the post-ART era (after the introduction of ART in 1997) was 2.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56–3.05) per 100 person years (PYs). The risks of incidence of HZ among people living with HIV included male sex (AOR: 4.35 (95% CI: 054–2.41)), men who have sex with men (AOR: 1.21 (95% CI: −0.76–1.13)), CD4 count < 200 cells/μL (AOR: 11.59 (95% CI: 0.53–4.38)) and not receiving ART (AOR: 2.89 (95% CI: −0.44–2.56)). The incidence of HZ is substantially lower among HIV infected patients receiving ART than those not receiving ART. Initiating ART immediately after diagnosis to treat all HIV-positive individuals is crucial to minimize the disease burden of HZ.

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