scholarly journals The impact of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) infestation on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] productivity in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257083
Author(s):  
Khuram Mubeen ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
Naeem Sarwar ◽  
Haseeb ur Rehman ◽  
Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacstrum L.) is an important weed of soybean crop capable of causing significant yield reduction. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of horse purslane and other weeds’ infestation on the productivity of soybean. Ten treatments, i.e., weed-free throughout the growing season, horse purslane-free till 20, 40 and 60 days after emergence (DAE), all weeds-free till 20, 40 and 60 DAE, weedy-check (excluding horse purslane), weedy-check (horse purslane alone) and weedy-check (all weeds) were included in the study. Data relating to density and dry weight of recorded weed species, and yield and related traits of soybean were recorded. Overall, infestation percentage of horse purslane was 33.10 and 51%, whereas dry weight was 12 and 44 g m-2 during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. The highest dry weight of all weed species was recorded at 45 DAE in weedy-check all weeds treatment during both years. The lowest relative density and frequency of horse purslane were recorded in the treatment where it was controlled until 20 DAE during 2018 at 30 DAE, whereas the same treatment recoded the lowest density of horse purslane at 45 DAE during 2019. The relative frequency of horse purslane was non-significant for weedy-check horse purslane and weedy-check all weeds treatments during 2018, whereas former treatment had higher relative frequency of horse purslane in weedy-check all weeds than the later during 2019. Yield and related traits significantly differed among different treatments used in the study. The treatment all weeds controlled until 40 DAE recorded higher number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield during both years. The yield reduction in weedy-check treatments was; weedy-check all weeds > weedy-check all weeds except horse purslane > weedy-check horse purslane only. It is concluded that horse purslane was not the sole weed interfering soybean fields and weed flora consisted of false amaranth [Digera muricata (L.) Mart.] and purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Hence, if the soybean fields in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan are infested with horse purslane or heavily infested with horse purslane or other weeds, these should be controlled in initial 40 DAE to improve soybean productivity.

scholarly journals Yield and weed suppression by pigeon pea cultivars in rotation with tomato and pepper

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Nelson Semidey ◽  
Angel Bosques-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Pea Pod ◽  
Lycopersicon Lycopersicum ◽  
The Impact

Two field experiments were conducted at the Lajas and Juana Díaz Agricultural Experiment Substations to evaluate seven pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] cultivars for yields, weed suppression, and the impact on the subsequent tomato [Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst, ex Farw] and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plantings. Trials started ¡n July 1993 and ended in June 1995. Treatments consisted of incorporation of plant stubble from seven different pigeon pea cultivars into the soil. Cultivars Kaki, 2B-Bushy, PR 147, Blanco de Yauco, Guerrero, Cortada, and Line 84 were grown from mid-July to late January of the following year. Tomato and pepper seedlings were transplanted into the plots six weeks after incorporation of whole plant stubble of pigeon pea. Pod yields of all cultivars, except Guerrero, were higher in Juana Díaz than those of Lajas. Compared with control plots, pigeon pea did not affect weed densities at Lajas, but at Juana Díaz all cultivars reduced weed densities in tomato and pepper grown in 1994 and 1995. The weed species suppressed by pigeon pea in the tomato planting at Juana Díaz were Amaranthus dubius Mart, ex Thell, Cyperus rotundus L., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, and Trianthema portulacastrum L.

Bio-Efficacy of different tank mix herbicides for weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Prakash Bhimwal ◽  
Arvind Verma ◽  
Virendra Nepalia ◽  
Versha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

A field experiment was conducted at the Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur during Kharif season 2015 and 2016 to adjudge the efficacy of different herbicide and herbicide mixtures against weeds in soybean. Monocot weeds were predominant (55.15%) in the experimental field compared with dicot weeds (44.85%). However, Echinochloa colona (41.56%) and Trianthema portulacastrum (33.16%) were predominant in soybean but, other weeds (Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina benghalensis, Digera arvensis, Amaranthus viridis, Physalis minima, Corchorus spp.) were also present at 60 DAS. Among different weed control treatments, post-emergence and tank mix combination of propaquizafop + imazethapyr (75+75 g ha-1) and imazethapyr + quizalofop-ethyl (75+60 g ha-1) at 21 DAS were most effective in respect of reducing weed density, weed biomass, nutrient removal by weed and promote yield attributes and yield and quality of soybean as compared to rest of weed control treatment.

scholarly journals Ervas daninha em pastagens: uma abordagem fitossociológica nas áreas do Ceará

Agrarian ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Josefa Maria Francieli da Silva ◽  
Hercules Gustavo Santos Sarmento ◽  
Hellen Thayse Nascimento Araújo ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
Lamartine Soares Cardoso de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
The One ◽  
Absolute Dominance ◽  
Nicandra Physalodes

The aim of this study was to study the phytosociology of weed species in areas of pasture cultivated with Brachiaria decumbens and Cynodon sp. (Tifton 85), in Ceará State, Brazil. The square inventory methodology was used in order to assess the weed community. Weed samples were quantified and classified by family, genus and species, using books and classification keys. The classification and quantification data of species allowed to calculate the following phytosociological variables: frequency (F), relative frequency (Fr), density (D), relative density (Dr), absolute dominance (DoA), relative dominance (DoR), importance value index (IVI), and similarity index (IS). The Amaranthaceae family was the one with the greatest intensity of species in both areas, represented mainly by Alternanthera tenera colla and Amaranthus viridis. In the area cultivated with B. decumbens, Cyperus rotundus presented higher results for frequency, density and abundance. In the Tifton 85 area, Nicandra physalodes presented higher values of density and abundance. The similarity of weed populations in pasture areas was 42.11%, with four species common to both areas.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Darmanti ◽  
Santosa Santosa ◽  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
L Hartanto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and  length of soybean seedling.  

Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
S.H. Mosavifeyzabadi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

Interference among Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
L. W. Mitich ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
The Impact

The interference between dry bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL. var. Red Kidney), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum♯3SOLNI), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli♯ ECHCR) was examined in replacement series experiments. A modified replacement series experiment also was performed to examine the effects of no interference, and intraspecific and interspecific interference on the height, leaf area, and dry weight of bean, black nightshade, and barnyardgrass. In both types of competition experiments, bean germinated earlier than either weed species and caused significant reductions in weed height, leaf area, and dry weight. The impact of bean upon itself was always greater than the effect of either weed species. In laboratory studies, barnyardgrass and black nightshade seeds were subjected to eight concentrations of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Black nightshade was 100 times more tolerant to trifluralin than barnyardgrass. Field studies, conducted at several locations in the Central Valley of California in which trifluralin-treated plots were compared with nontreated plots, demonstrated that trifluralin favors trifluralin-tolerant weeds (black nightshade), but trifluralin-sensitive weeds (barnyardgrass) have not been eliminated despite 20 yr of trifluralin use.

scholarly journals Effects of Potassium and Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zare ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, Iron and potassium spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Abosaeid research field of Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: irrigation per 6, 9 and 12 days. Subplots were considered with and without Iron and potassium spray. The irrigation reduced the grain yield in irrigation per 12 more than other stages. Irrigation effects significantly on chlorophyll value, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Iron increased the seed yield and yield component, except unfilled seed percentage and SPAD. Using K, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, 1000 grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5% respectively. Potassium could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

Cured Dairy Compost Influence on Weed Competition and on ‘Snowden' Potato Yield

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Lindsey ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity

Potatoes are an important global food crop typically produced in high-input systems in temperate zones. Growers that have access to compost may use it to improve soil health and increase tuber yields, but compost may also increase weed competition by increasing early-season water availability and weed growth. A field study at the Michigan State University Montcalm Research farm in 2010 and 2011 investigated the impact of compost on weed competition in potato. Potatoes were grown in field plots with 0, 4,000, or 8,000 kg carbon (C) ha−1of compost under weed-free conditions, and in competition with common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and hairy nightshade. Compost did not increase biomass or seed production of any weed species. Giant foxtail and hairy nightshade at 5.3 plants per meter of row reduced potato yield by 20%; common lambsquarters reduced yield by 45%. The yield reduction by giant foxtail and hairy nightshade was due to a decrease in tuber bulking, whereas yield reductions from common lambsquarters were a result of lower tuber set and bulking. Potato yield increased 5 to 15% in compost compared to non-compost treatments; tuber specific gravity decreased by 0.3% in composted treatments. Across weed densities, elevated soil potassium levels in the 8,000 kg C ha−1composted treatment may have increased potato yield and decreased tuber specific gravity.

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Verification of Gene GmELF4-LIKE4 in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Jin ◽  
He Zhao ◽  
Abraham Lamboro ◽  
Zhifeng Xiao ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundSoybean grain is an important oil crop with high-quality vegetable protein and vegetable oil. Extreme weather can cause crop yield reduction, among which drought is most likely to cause a decline in annual soybean yield. How to overcome the impact of drought on soybean yield has become a major work in current breeding research.ResultsIn our study, the gene GmELF4-LIKE4 was obtained through RNA-Seq and differential gene screening technology, and the plant over expression vector and RNAi vector were constructed. Then, the Colombian Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean JN18 were genetically transformed and added to the Agrobacterium-mediated method in to T2 generation. We have verified in Arabidopsis thaliana that over expression of ELF4-LIKE4 will delay the flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana, while inhibition of ELF4-LIKE4 expression will advance the flowering period. At the same time, we verified the regulation analysis of GmELF4-LIKE4 on EARLY FLOWERING 3 and CONSTANTS-like in soybeans, and found that GmELF4-LIKE4 positively regulates ELF3 and COL; meanwhile, over expression soybeans and RNAi soybeans were tested in drought. Stressing the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and peroxidase activity under 0 days and 5 days, the result indicate that the over expression of GmELF4-LIKE4 gene can reduce the drought resistance of soybean. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the identification of GmELF4-LIKE4 gene function and the breeding of drought-resistant varieties.ConclusionWe found that overexpression of GmELF4-LIKE4 will delay the flowering period of Arabidopsis thaliana and reduce the drought resistance of soybeans. Conversely, inhibiting GmELF4-LIKE4 will advance the flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana and increase the drought resistance of soybeans.

Effect of stale seedbed and subsequent application of herbicides on weeds and productivity of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) fibre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUKESH KUMAR ◽  
A. K. GHORAI ◽  
USSREE K. NANDY ◽  
S MITRA K. GHORAI ◽  
D. K. KUNDU
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Basal Diameter

A field experiment was conducted to find out suitable weed management practice for control of broad spectrum weeds in jute during 2015 and 2016. Seven weed management practices viz., T : 1 Farmers practices , T : Stale seed bed (SSB) + glyphosate 41% SL 1.25 kg/ha, T : SSB+glyphosate 1.75 2 3 kg/ha, T : SSB + glyphosate 1.25 kg/ha + pretilachlor 50% EC 1.0 kg/ha, T : SSB +glyphosate 4 5 1.75kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha, T : SSB +glyphosate 1.25 kg/ha+butachlor 50 % EC 1.0 kg/ha and 6 T : SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + butachlor1.0 kg/ha were tested in randomised block design (RBD) 7 with three replication. Cyperus rotundus was dominant weed species with 60-75 % of relative density in experimental field. SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha effectively controlled density and dry weight of Cyperus rotundus, grass weeds (Echinochloa colonum and Eleusine indica), broad leaved weeds (Physalis minima, and Trianthema portulacastrum) compared to farmers' practices. SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha also recorded the highest plant height (293 cm and 335 cm), basal diameter (2.14 and 2.19 cm) and fibre yield (34.9 and 38.9 q/ha) of jute during 2015 and 2016. This treatment also recorded the highest net income (Rs 54182 and 75687/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (1.23 and 1.46) in jute cultivation during 2015 and 2016, Therefore, SSB with glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha +pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha may be practiced for effective weeds control specially Cyperus rotundus, higher productivity and income in jute cultivation.

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