scholarly journals Zn tolerance in the evergreen shrub, Aucuba japonica, naturally growing at a mine site: Cell wall immobilization, aucubin production, and Zn adsorption on fungal mycelia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257690
Author(s):  
Kohei Doyama ◽  
Keiko Yamaji ◽  
Toshikatsu Haruma ◽  
Atsushi Ishida ◽  
Shigeta Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Aucuba Japonica ◽  
Root Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Zn Tolerance

Aucuba japonica Thunb. is an evergreen understory shrub that grows naturally at a mine site. The mine soil contains high concentrations of heavy metals, and A. japonica appears to maintain detoxification mechanisms against heavy metals in the study site’s understory. This study aimed to investigate the heavy metal tolerance mechanisms in A. japonica, considering the possible roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi. We conducted fieldwork in summer (canopy-foliation season) and winter (canopy-defoliation season) to measure the heavy metal concentrations in leaves, branches, and roots and analyze possible detoxicants in the roots. The infection rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi were evaluated via microscopic observation, and heavy metal (Zn) localization in A. japonica roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Field analysis showed that A. japonica accumulated excessive Zn and produced aucubin and citric acid in the roots in both summer and winter. Zn localization observations clarified that Zn was distributed in thickened epidermal and cortical cell walls, suggesting that the cell walls functioned as Zn deposition sites, reducing Zn toxicity. It was further clarified that Zn was contained within cortical cells, indicating that Zn might be detoxified by aucubin and citric acid. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi within cortical cells adsorbed Zn on fungal cell walls, indicating that these fungi would reduce Zn content within root cells and might alleviate Zn toxicity. Our results indicated that A. japonica would maintain Zn tolerance in both summer and winter via Zn immobilization in the cell walls and production of aucubin and citric acid, and that arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi might play important roles in the Zn tolerance of A. japonica.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Root Endophytic Fungi from Oxyria sinensis Grown in Metal-Polluted and Unpolluted Soils in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2731
Author(s):  
Meiyan Zhu ◽  
Yanhua Ding ◽  
Xuejiao Li ◽  
Yuqing Xiao ◽  
Zhiwei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Root Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Soil Zn

Oxyria sinensis adopts a tolerant strategy as a metal excluder to survive toxic metal concentrations. Biodiversity and the endophytic fungal community colonizing the O. sinensis roots were assessed from a mining area (MA) and a neighboring non-mining area (nMA) in southwestern China. All O. sinensis roots formed fully developed dark septate endophytes (DSEs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Total DSE colonization was higher for the MA versus nMA, in contrast to the total AMF colonization in the two sites. The DSE colonization was higher than AMF colonization regardless of the site. Pure-culture data showed that the fungi closely related to Exophiala, Cadophora and Phialophora dominantly colonized the O. sinensis roots. A total of 450 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified showing the presence of a distinct fungal community in MA and nMA, which was shaped by soil physiochemical properties, including soil Zn concentrations and organic matter. We found that O. sinensis accumulates and adapts efficiently to local endophytic fungi to achieve the expansion of its community, including the spontaneously reclaimed DSE. This property may be targeted to achieve its colonization with a pioneer plant for phytoremediation in the restoration of a vegetation cover in a metal-contaminated area.

scholarly journals Beneficial Root Endophytic Fungi Increase Growth and Quality Parameters of Sweet Basil in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayada Sabra ◽  
Amal Aboulnasr ◽  
Philipp Franken ◽  
Erica Perreca ◽  
Louwrance Peter Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Root Endophytic Fungi

scholarly journals Adsorption process and mechanism of heavy metal ions by different components of cells, using yeast (Pichia pastoris) and Cu2+ as biosorption models

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (28) ◽  
pp. 17080-17091
Author(s):  
Xinggang Chen ◽  
Zhuang Tian ◽  
Haina Cheng ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Hongbo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Adsorption Sites

The Cu2+ first bound to the outer mannan and finally entered the cytoplasm. During the whole adsorption process, the number of adsorption sites in the outer and middle cell walls was the largest, and then gradually decreased.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 Gene Is Involved in Anisotropic Root Growth during Osmotic Stress Adaptation

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
María Belén Cuadrado-Pedetti ◽  
Inés Rauschert ◽  
María Martha Sainz ◽  
Vítor Amorim-Silva ◽  
Miguel Angel Botella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Mean

Mutations in the Arabidopsis TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 1 (TTL1) gene cause reduced tolerance to osmotic stress evidenced by an arrest in root growth and root swelling, which makes it an interesting model to explore how root growth is controlled under stress conditions. We found that osmotic stress reduced the growth rate of the primary root by inhibiting the cell elongation in the elongation zone followed by a reduction in the number of cortical cells in the proximal meristem. We then studied the stiffness of epidermal cell walls in the root elongation zone of ttl1 mutants under osmotic stress using atomic force microscopy. In plants grown in control conditions, the mean apparent elastic modulus was 448% higher for live Col-0 cell walls than for ttl1 (88.1 ± 2.8 vs. 16.08 ± 6.9 kPa). Seven days of osmotic stress caused an increase in the stiffness in the cell wall of the cells from the elongation zone of 87% and 84% for Col-0 and ttl1, respectively. These findings suggest that TTL1 may play a role controlling cell expansion orientation during root growth, necessary for osmotic stress adaptation.

Ultrasound-Assisted Citric Acid Extraction of Zinc in Plateau Red Soil and Tessier Speciation Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4464-4467
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Xue Jin Zhou ◽  
Yun Tao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Speciation Study ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Taking plateau red soil as research object, using the ultrasonic-assisted organic acid extraction the heavy metal zinc in it, and analyze the form of zinc. Results showed that the extraction rate can reach 68%, with the increase of time, the extraction effect of zinc is obviously enhanced in this method. Ultrasonic-assisted citric acid extraction soil can increase the extraction rate of exchangeable, bound to carbonates and bound to iron and manganese oxides relatively.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophytic fungi at 5,500 m on a glacier forefront in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Symbiosis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Pan ◽  
Yongjun Liu ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Yuhong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Glacier Forefront ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau
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