scholarly journals Who keeps on working? The importance of resilience for labour market participation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258444
Author(s):  
Espen Berthung ◽  
Nils Gutacker ◽  
Oddgeir Friborg ◽  
Birgit Abelsen ◽  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Shocks ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Time Work

Background It is widely recognized that individuals’ health and educational attainments, commonly referred to as their human capital, are important determinants for their labour market participation (LMP). What is less recognised is the influence of individuals’ latent resilience traits on their ability to sustain LMP after experiencing an adversity such as a health shock. Aim We investigate the extent to which resilience is independently associated with LMP and moderates the effect of health shocks on LMP. Method We analysed data from two consecutive waves of a Norwegian prospective cohort study. We followed 3,840 adults who, at baseline, were healthy and worked full time. Binary logistic regression models were applied to explain their employment status eight years later, controlling for age, sex, educational attainment, health status at baseline, as well as the occurrences of three types of health shocks (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, psychological problems). Individuals’ resilience, measured by the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), entered as an independent variable and as an interaction with the indicators of health shocks. In separate models, we explore the role of two further indicators of resilience; locus of control, and health optimism. Results As expected, health shocks reduce the probability to keep on working full-time. While both the RSA and the two related indicators all suggest that resilience increases the probability to keep on working, we did not find evidence that resilience moderates the association between health shocks and LMP. Conclusion Higher levels of resilience is associated with full-time work as individuals age.

scholarly journals Permanent or temporary settlement? A study on the short-term effects of residence status on refugees’ labour market participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Jutvik ◽  
Darrel Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Residency Status ◽  
Permanent Residency ◽  
Temporary Settlement ◽  
Short Term Effects

Abstract Whether refugees in need of protection should be granted long- or short-term residence permits in the host country upon arrival is a long-standing debate in the migration policy and scholarly literature. Rights-based models of inclusion advocate for secure and long-term residency status arguing that this will provide the foundations for successful inclusion. Responsibilities-based models on the other hand claim that migrants should only be granted such status if certain criteria, such as full-time employment, have been met, again under the belief that such a system will facilitate inclusion into the host society. Using a sudden policy change as a natural experiment combined with detailed Swedish registry data, we examine the effect permanent residency on three measures of labour market inclusion in the short-term. Our findings are twofold. On the one hand, we find that temporary residents that are subject to a relatively less-inclusive situation have higher incomes and less unemployment. However, at the same time, they are less likely to spend time in education than are those with permanent residency. First part title Permanent or Temporary Settlement? Second part title A Study on the Short-Term Effects of Temporary and Permanent Residence Permits on Labour Market Participation

The labour market contradiction: a precarious form of dependence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
New Class ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Economic Inequalities

This chapter discusses the role of the labour market, the precarious and overqualified forms of participation in the labour market widely used by young people in university to support themselves, and the role of internships and summer jobs. This chapter engages with the most recent debates on the precariat, showing that the precarious forms of jobs are not just creating a new class, but are also intersecting with the existing forms of socio-economic inequalities. This chapter discusses the use of labour market resources by each profile, showing that while some young people can selectively pick qualified labour-market participation, others need to over-rely on labour-market participation to sustain their experience in university.

Men's and Women's Incomes: Evidence from Survey Data

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

ABSTRACTThe article highlights the discordance between the reality and the perception of women's independence and equality. The changes in legislation and increased female participation in the labour market since the 1960s give the impression of considerable progress. Equal treatment of men and women has been proposed. Evidence from national survey data however, shows that women's income is still lower than men's with no matching increase with age and career. Social security policy has always been based on labour market participation but women's labour market participation is quite different from that of men. Because of childcare responsibilities many women work parttime at some time in their working lives. Equal pay legislation has had little influence on the incomes from part-time work. The failure of real income from part-time work to rise over time has been a major cause along with job segregation and the segmentation of the labour market in maintaining the difference between men's and women's incomes. Women's continued lack of personal income has consequences for the support for women and children, particularly evident in the case of lone mothers. The incomes available to a woman are unlikely to be high enough to provide an adequate independent living standard for herself and any dependent children.

scholarly journals The Effect of Housework on Wages: A Study of Migrants and Native-Born Individuals in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Fendel
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Female Labour Market Participation

AbstractTo increase labour market participation among migrants, an increase in female labour market participation is important, with wages being a significant incentive. In research on the gender wage gap, the consideration of housework has been a milestone. Gender differences in housework time have always been much greater among migrants than among native-born individuals. Based on data obtained from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1995 to 2017, this study questioned whether housework affects the wages of migrant full-time workers differently than those of their native-born counterparts. To consider the possible endogeneity of housework in the wage equation, the analysis estimated, in addition to an OLS model, a hybrid model to estimate within effects. Significant negative effects of housework on wages resulted for migrant women and native-born individuals. The effects for migrant men were significantly smaller or insignificant, which could not be explained by threshold effects. The greater amount of time spent on housework by migrant women than by native-born women will in general lead to a larger wage decrease due to housework for migrant women than for native-born women. The results further showed that the observed variables explained very little of the migrants’ gender wage gap, in contrast to the gap of native-born individuals. Human capital returns, including education and work experiences, were much lower for migrant women than for native-born women, whereas differences in housework equally contributed to the explained share of the gap for both groups, indicating the greater relevance of housework for migrants’ wage gap.

scholarly journals Sickness absence trajectories following labour market participation patterns in Catalonia, 2012-2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Hernando-Rodriguez ◽  
L Serra-Saurina ◽  
F G Benavides ◽  
M Ubalde-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Labour Market Participation

Abstract Background Working life is characterized by transitions between different employment status which could affect future health status. Previous studies on sickness absence (SA) have focused on risk factors in the workplace; however, there is scarce evidence regarding labour market participation (LMP) patterns. The aim of this study is to examine the association between prior LMP patterns and the course of SA. Methods Cohort study based on a sample of 11,968 salaried workers affiliated with the Spanish Social Security system, living in Catalonia, who accumulated more than 15 days on SA at least in one quarter during 2012-2014, from three working life cohorts according to the working life stage in 2002: early (18-25 years), middle (26-35 years) and late (36-45 years). Sequence analysis was used to identify LMP patterns (2002-2011). Latent class growth analysis was applied to identify SA trajectories (2012-2014). Finally, crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models. Results Overall, four SA trajectories were identified: low stable (83%-88% of the workers), decreasing (5%-9%), increasing (5%-11%) and high stable (7%-16%) accumulated days on SA, for men and women. Similarly, seven LMP patterns were obtained: stable employment (63%-81%), increasing employment (5%-22%), delayed employment (7%-8%), decreasing employment (4%-10%), varying employment (13%-14%), steeply decreasing employment (9%), and steeply labour market exit (8%). No significant associations were observed among LMP patterns and SA trajectories, except for young men, where an increasing employment pattern was significantly associated with a lower risk to increase days on SA over time (aOR: 0.21 [95% CI: 0.04-0.96]). Conclusions A prior 10 years of LMP pattern does not seem to show an effect on the course of SA. A closer working life to the SA course could be considered to assess this relationship. Funding: Grants FIS PI17/00220 and PI14/00057 Key messages A longitudinally approach is warranted to evaluate the relationship between working life and sickness absence. Extended prior working lives are not related to the course of future sickness absence.

scholarly journals Migrants with insecure legal status and access to work: the role of ethnic solidarity networks

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janroj Yilmaz Keles ◽  
Eugenia Markova ◽  
Rebwar Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnic Solidarity

Purpose Building upon previous studies on the factors shaping undocumented migrants’ experiences on the host labour markets, the purpose of this paper is to expand the theoretical understanding of labour market participation and ethnic solidarity networks, accounting for the sending context of war and political persecution, and the trajectory to irregularity. Design/methodology/approach This paper extends the understanding of the role of ethnic solidarity networks on the labour market participation of migrants with insecure legal status. It draws on data from a questionnaire survey of 178 Iraqi-Kurdish migrants with insecure legal status, four focus groups and ten expert interviews. Working conditions and sectors of employment are explored alongside strategies for accessing work and the role of ethnic solidarity networks. Findings The analysis of the data provides strong support for the theoretical expectations outlined above, assuming that the conflict-generated diaspora communities display a very distinct solidarity among its members, embedded in a shared history of conflict, persecution and identity struggles. Ethnic solidarity is put to the ultimate test in times of intensified enforcement of employment and immigration law. It stretches to accommodate the risks that employers take to provide work to their insecure co-ethnics, facing the tangible threat of raids, business closure, defamation and colossal fines, to mention but a few. In this context, the authors have defined “stretched solidarity” as a form of support and resource sharing among certain conflict-generated ethnic groups, embedded not only within a shared history of displacement, collective memory and trauma, and shared culture, language, loyalties, obligations and experiences but also in the “reception context”, which may limit ethnic solidarity through restrictive immigration controls. Research limitations/implications The authors recognise the limits of the paper, which are that analysis is mainly based on experiences of the majority of whom were young and male migrants with insecure migration legal status, rather than employers. Social implications This paper has identified the social phenomenon of “stretched solidarity” and has set out a model for understanding its embeddedness within conflict-generated diasporic networks. By drawing together research insights and data on Iraqi-Kurdish migrants with insecure legal status, it addressed the central research question how “unauthorised” migrants get access to the segmented labour market at a time of increased in-border controls in the UK. Originality/value The paper contributes towards an enhanced understanding of the complex phenomenon of “stretched solidarity” and its role in migrants’ gaining access to and maintaining employment in the host labour market. The notion of “stretched solidarity” developed here provides a platform for identifying a number of emerging areas for further empirical study and policy thinking. This requires advanced research not only into the processes of migrants’ access to the host labour market but also into the role of ethnic networks, resources and structures that enable migrants in precarious situations to survive.

Hoe gezond is werken?

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Collewet ◽  
Jaap de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
The Individual

How healthy is working? How healthy is working? This article aims at gaining more insight in the effect of labour market participation on health in the Dutch context. The positive relation between labour market participation and health has often been emphasized in the policy discussions. However, existing research insufficiently takes into account the reciprocal relationship between labour market participation and health. In this article, we control for the role of background variables which are likely to influence both labour market participation and health by using panel techniques. We use data from the Dutch Labour Supply Panel (formerly called ‘OSA Work Supply Panel’). We find that the statement that ‘work is good for your health’ should be nuanced. Our results show that the effect of labour market participation on health is dependent on characteristics of the individual, weekly working time, job characteristics, and non-paid activities and the possibility to combine those with paid work, and available types of non-work.

`Pioneers Behind Our Own Front Doors': Towards Greater Balance in the Organisation of Work in Partnerships

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian A. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Labour Market Participation

The seemingly intransigent nature of gender inequalities in the organisation of work has led to a somewhat gloomy portrayal of what is possible. Women's increased labour market participation has led to neither parity with men in terms of earnings and status nor a corresponding re-negotiation of labour in the home. Theorising on gender and work, however, tends to assume that workers, parents and households are heterosexual. This paper extends debate by considering the role of sexual identity for shaping the experience of work. It focuses on divisions of labour between lesbian women who are parenting together, and compares their arrangements with parents more generally. It seeks to illuminate what is achievable when actors are informed by broadly similar gender ideologies and negotiate from a position of gender parity in terms of power.

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