scholarly journals Changes in the quantity and quality of time use during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK: Who is the most affected?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258917
Author(s):  
Ines Lee ◽  
Eileen Tipoe
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Uk

We investigated changes in the quantity and quality of time spent on various activities in response to the COVID-19-induced national lockdowns in the UK. We examined effects both in the first national lockdown (May 2020) and the third national lockdown (March 2021). Using retrospective longitudinal time-use diary data collected from a demographically diverse sample of over 760 UK adults in both lockdowns, we found significant changes in both the quantity and quality of time spent on broad activity categories (employment, housework, leisure). Individuals spent less time on employment-related activities (in addition to a reduction in time spent commuting) and more time on housework. These effects were concentrated on individuals with young children. Individuals also spent more time doing leisure activities (e.g. hobbies) alone and conducting employment-related activities outside normal working hours, changes that were significantly correlated with decreases in overall enjoyment. Changes in quality exacerbated existing inequalities in quantity of time use, with parents of young children being disproportionately affected. These findings indicate that quality of time use is another important consideration for policy design and evaluation.

scholarly journals Werktijden en ouder-kindtijd in de middag en avond

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Verhoef ◽  
Anne Roeters
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Parent Child

Parental working times and parent-child time in the afternoon and evening Parental working times and parent-child time in the afternoon and evening This study examines the association between parental working times and parent-child time. We not only distinguish between parents' working hours and working schedules but also between parent-child time in the afternoon and evening. The hypotheses center on the role of the availability of children and parents. Our analyses are based on 694 parents with young children from the Dutch Time Use Survey of 2006 and 2011. Results show that parent-child time in the afternoon is associated with parents' working hours, whereas time spent with children in the evening is correlated with working schedules. We provide multiple recommendations for future research, such as a distinction between week and weekend days and a focus on the quality of the time parents and children spend together.

A General Review of the Conceptual Dimensions of Quality of Leisure, Tourism, and Sports with a Particular Focus on Iran

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Third World ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

AbstractThe paper explores how quality of life is influenced by leisure, tourism, and sports. While these three concepts are counted as the cultural needs of the current industrial and especially urban life, they are not well-provided in many parts of the Third World. While working hours are shortened in the industrial world, followed by provision of leisure and tourism, leisure opportunities are less prevalent in the developing world including many parts of Asia. It should be kept in mind that changes in the quantitative aspects of such concepts lead to qualitative change in any society. This trinity, which also leads to modernization and development, acts as an economic multiplier as well. Today, while the industrial countries invest on employment, they simultaneously do the same on leisure time and sports. Under the overall conditions, the developing countries, including Iran, have yet a long way to go.

scholarly journals Privatising public prisons: Penality, law and practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Liebling ◽  
Amy Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Prisons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Private Management ◽  
First Time ◽  
Work And Life

In October 2011, HM Prison Birmingham was transferred from public to private management, under G4S. This was the first time that an existing operational public prison was privatised in the UK. The move marked the third and most far reaching phase of prison privatisation policy, and was intended both to increase quality of life for prisoners, from a low baseline, and to reduce costs. Prior to 2011, private prisons had all been new-builds. Private contractors had thus far avoided the additional challenges of inheriting a pre-existing workforce and operating in old, often unsuitable, buildings. This article reports on a longitudinal evaluation of the complex process of the transition, and some outcomes for both staff and prisoners. As an experiment in the reorganisation of work and life in a ‘traditional’ public sector prison, the exercise was unprecedented, and has set the agenda for future transformations. The example illustrates the intense, distinctive and rapidly changing nature of penality as it makes itself felt in the lived prison experience, and raises important questions about the changing use of State power.

Summary and Conclusions

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-138
Author(s):  
Andrew Smithers
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Corporation Tax ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Perverse Incentives ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Uk

Poor productivity poses the major threat to the UK and US economies. It should be but isn’t our main economic preoccupation. Growth does not depend solely on the rate at which technology improves. It can be raised by improvements in policy for which I have three suggestions. The first is to change either the perverse incentives of modern management remuneration, or their impact on the economy. The second is that companies should publish their output and the working hours of their employees. The third is to end the folly of allowing interest to be a deductible expense for corporation tax. The damage to the economy from the bonus culture is currently met with silence. This book aims to get the issue debated, so that the need will become self-evident and be accompanied by the new policies we need.

Scotland

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Seamus V McNulty ◽  
Graham A Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Uk

Scotland is a small nation which has a devolved legislature, while still remaining part of the United Kingdom (UK). As the health service has become increasingly divergent from that of the remainder of the UK, more innovative approaches to dementia care have been allowed to develop. The Scottish Dementia Strategy, now in its third iteration, is unique in that it adopts a human rights-based method of dementia care, an approach that has subsequently been followed by other European countries. The Strategy is in continual evolution, with the third Strategy focusing more on care at the end stages of dementia, especially for those in nursing homes or long-term hospital care. Other novel approaches, such as the Dementia Champions programme, have shown benefits in the quality of care for patients with dementia in acute general hospitals, although less so for those in social care settings. Scotland was also a pioneer in enacting incapacity legislation, although this is now under review as shortcomings in the current procedures are becoming unmasked.

scholarly journals Postgraduate Surgical Training in the UK: the Trainees’ Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rose ◽  
Noel Aruparayil
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Surgical Trainee ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Postgraduate Surgical Training

AbstractOver the last 20 years, surgical training in the United Kingdom (UK) has changed dramatically. There have been considerable efforts towards creating a programme that delivers the highest standard of training while maintaining patient safety. However, the journey to improve the quality of training has faced several hurdles and challenges. Recruitment processes, junior doctor contracts, flexible working hours and equality and diversity have all been under the spotlight in recent times. These issues, alongside the extended surgical team and the increasingly recognised importance of trainee wellbeing, mean that postgraduate surgical training is extremely topical. Alongside this, as technology has evolved, this has been incorporated into all aspects of training, from recruitment to simulated training opportunities and postgraduate examinations. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought technology and simulation to the forefront in an attempt to compensate for reduced operative exposure and experience, and has transformed the way that we learn and work. In this article, we reflect on the UK surgical trainee experience and discuss areas of success as well as highlighting potential areas for improvement going forward.

scholarly journals Pandemic of Inequality: An Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors Predicting Economic Instability During the 2020-21 COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Pandemic in the United Kingdom.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hodgkin
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Retention ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Uk

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected individuals and families across the world from March 2020 to the present. From a UK perspective, reviewed literature confirms that there is a deep divide in the factors causing a person’s employment to be affected by the pandemic, with educational attainment, household income and age all having a role. Food insecurity has been increasing rapidly in recent years in the UK, and the literature confirms exacerbated levels of food insecurity coming as a result of the pandemic. The present study seeks to understand the variables influencing two research questions, firstly which factors will affect the likelihood of being ‘furloughed’ (under the government’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme) or otherwise being required to reduce one’s working hours, and secondly the factors that may cause someone to experience food insecurity in the pandemic. Key findings are that having young children, being self-employed and having a higher household income are all factors that may make it more likely that one will lose hours in their job or be furloughed. Conversely, being a keyworker and having higher educational qualifications are shown to reduce the likelihood of reducing job hours. Food insecurity is made more likely by being from an ethnic minority background, having young children and being a lower earner.

scholarly journals Working-time flexibility is (not the same) for all: Evidence from a right-to-request reform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Mari
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Men I ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Working Time Flexibility ◽  
The Uk

Employed mothers often incur in a trade-off between lower wages and working-time flexibility, and such compensating differentials contribute to persistent gender gaps in labour markets. I ask to what extent working-time flexibility is sought after by those who are not parents of young children, if similar trade-offs may ensue, and with what consequences for disparities among and between women and men. I evaluate the effects of a 2014 reform that extended the “right to request” working-time flexibility from parents of young children to all employees in the UK. Using a difference-in-differences design, I find that women without young children reduce their working hours and move to part-time employment. These adjustments are coupled with a reduction in job-related stress and monthly earnings, but not hourly wage rates. Effects are sizeable, suggesting that right-to-request laws can enhance working-time flexibility within workplaces and mitigate gaps between women with and without children. This holds mainly for the tertiary-educated though, and, as no accompanying changes are observed among men, gender gaps in working hours and earnings are unintendedly amplified. Implications are drawn for both compensating differentials theory and working-time policies, also in light of the current surge in flexible working.

scholarly journals Identifying the Third Agers: An Analysis of British Retirees' Leisure Pursuits

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Chatzitheochari ◽  
Sara Arber
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Active Leisure

Despite the recent theoretical focus on the emergence of the Third Age as a period of fulfilment and an ongoing engagement with an active leisure lifestyle, there is a dearth of quantitative studies on how older people spend their time. Few studies of later life capitalise on time-use surveys, which constitute the most widely employed and accurate methodology for collecting data on everyday life. This article analyses data from the 2000 UK Time Use Survey in order to operationalise the concept of the Third Age and test theoretical propositions regarding the irrelevance of social divisions in the formation of an active leisure lifestyle after retirement. The analysis focuses on a subsample of 1615 people over the age of 64. An index of active leisure activities is constructed in order to estimate the proportion of third agers amongst British retirees. Logistic regression models are specified to examine the relative influence of socio-demographic characteristics on the probability of a person being a third ager. Strong effects of structural factors and health are found, which do not support arguments suggesting a minor influence of social context in lifestyle choices after retirement. ‘Active’ ageing appears to be the province of those who are culturally and materially advantaged, and it is the healthy, educated, upper-class and middle-class men that are more likely to engage in a Third Age leisure lifestyle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document