scholarly journals Psoas muscle area and paraspinal muscle fat in children and young adults with or without obesity and fatty liver

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259948
Author(s):  
Salman S. Albakheet ◽  
Mi-Jung Lee ◽  
Haesung Yoon ◽  
Hyun Joo Shin ◽  
Hong Koh
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Paraspinal Muscle ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Background Little is known about the muscle condition in children with obesity. Objectives To investigate the effect of obesity and fatty liver on muscle area and muscle fat in children and young adults. Materials and methods We evaluated consecutive liver fat quantification MRIs in children and young adults between June 2015 and April 2019. We obtained hepatic fat and paraspinal muscle fat at mid L2 from the fat map, psoas muscle area (PMA) at mid L3, and z-score of PMA. The patient’s age, height and weight at the time of the MRI were recorded. Body mass index (BMI) z-score was also calculated. Spearman correlation and partial correlation analyses were performed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed using significant variables. Results A total of 132 patients (97 male) were included with a median age of 13.0 years (interquartile range 11–16 years). The median BMI was 23.7 kg/m2 (interquartile range 21.2–27.7 kg/m2). The weight, BMI, liver fat, and z-score of PMA were all higher in male patients than they were in female patients. The amount of liver fat had no correlation with muscle fat or PMA z-score after adjusting BMI. However, the BMI z-score was positively correlated with the PMA z-score (ρ = 0.432, p<0.001) even after adjusting for liver fat. On regression analyses, the BMI z-score had linear positive relationship with PMA z-score (β = 0.289, p<0.001) and muscle fat (β = 0.218, p = 0.016). Conclusions Male children and young adults have greater PMA than do female children and young adults. Obesity is associated with higher PMA and paraspinal muscle fat. However, liver fat is not related with the muscle condition in children and young adults.

Abstract 007: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Analyses from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B VanWagner ◽  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
John Wilkins ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies suggest that NAFLD and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are related independent of VAT. In a population-based cross-sectional sample of black and white adults free from prevalent liver or heart disease, we tested the hypothesis that NAFLD is associated with the presence of CAC and abdominal aortoiliac calcification (AAC) independent of VAT and other CVD risk factors. Methods: Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (Y25 exam) with concurrent computed tomography quantification of liver fat, CAC and AAC were included (n=2,163). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤ 40 Hounsfield Units after exclusion of other causes of liver fat (medication/alcohol use). Using the Agatston method, CAC/AAC presence was defined as a score > 0. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Participant age was 49.9 (3.7) years and the sample was equally distributed by sex (55.6% female) and race (50.1% black). Mean BMI was 30.6 (7.1). The CAC and AAC prevalence was 26.5% and 49.6%. NAFLD prevalence was 9.6%. NAFLD participants were 50.1 (3.7) years old and more likely to be male (59.8% vs. 51.7%, p<0.0001), white (56.5% vs. 49.3%, p<0.05) and have the metabolic syndrome (70.1% vs. 22.6%, p<0.0001) than those with no NAFLD. They were also more likely to have CAC (37.2%) and AAC (60.9%) than those with no NAFLD (25.4% and 49.4%, respectively). In multivariable analyses adjusted for demographics and health behaviors, NAFLD was associated with the presence of CAC and AAC (Table 1). This association was attenuated after adjustment for CVD risk factors and VAT. Effect modification by race and sex was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In contrast to prior studies, our results suggest that the relationship between NAFLD and subclinical CVD is mediated by the presence of other CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals Magnesium Intake Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among American Young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1446-1446
Author(s):  
Liping Lu ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Yuexia Li ◽  
Lisa Vanwagner ◽  
Wenzhi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Objectives To examine magnesium (Mg) intake from diet and supplements during young adulthood in relation to risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in midlife. Methods A total of 2712 black and white American adults aged 18 to 30 years were recruited in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adult (CARDIA) study in 1985–1986 (baseline) with 8 additional examinations during 25 years thereafter. Mg intake was assessed at baseline and exam years 7 and 20 using the CARDIA diet history questionnaires. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed at exam year 25 (2010–2011) to ascertain NAFLD cases, which was defined as liver attenuation (LA) ≤51 Hounsfield units after exclusion for other causes of liver fat. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between cumulative average Mg intake and the risk of NAFLD. Results At exam year 25, 638 NAFLD cases were documented. An inverse association between total Mg intake (from diet and supplements) and NAFLD risk was observed after adjustment sociodemographics, major lifestyle factors, dietary quality, and clinical measurements (body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and fasting insulin). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of Mg intake, those in the highest quintile had a 54% lower risk of NAFLD [multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = (0.25, 0.87), P for trend = 0.0498]. Consistently, there was an inverse association between whole grain consumption (a major food source of magnesium) and NAFLD risk. Conclusions This study suggests that higher intake of Mg throughout adulthood is associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in middle age. Funding Sources The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study is supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Northwestern University, University of Minnesota, and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute.This study is also partially supported by the NIH grants and NHLBI.

scholarly journals P401 Sarcopenia in children and young adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S371-S372
Author(s):  
E Shteyer ◽  
R Cytter-Kuint ◽  
L Winberg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apri Score ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Malnutrition is common in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in liver diseases. The nutritional status can be assessed by evaluating for sarcopenia, which is described as the loss of muscle mass and/or strength that are reflected by decreased psoas muscle surface area (PMSA). Accumulating data shows association of PSMA with chronic diseases, however, literature regarding sarcopenia in children is still limited. The aim of this study is to assess sarcopenia in children and young adults with sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with or without IBD. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients below 25 years of age diagnosed with PSC between the years 2010–2018 was done. Patients who performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in the study. Detailed clinical, anthropometric, laboratory and imaging findings were recorded. The control group was comprised of children who underwent MRI due to suspected scoliosis or kidney structural anomalies and had normal study. PMSA was determined at intervertebral disc L3. Results Sixty-five patients were included in the study. Twenty with PSC with a mean age of 15.2 ± 5 years, 12 were female and 9 had IBD. The control group comprised of 45 healthy subjects with no significant difference in age, gender and BMI from the study group. There was no significant difference in PMSA between groups. However, PMSA significantly correlated with aspartate transaminase (AST) and Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score (marker for hepatic fibrosis, r = −0.49, p = 0.02). Additionally, PMSA was significantly higher in patients who had both PSC and IBD (475.61 ± 136 vs. 789 ± 328, p = 0.01). Conclusion Children and young adults with concomitant PSC and IBD were in a better nutritional status in comparison to patients with PSC alone, as evidenced by a lesser degree of sarcopenia. Additionally, sarcopenia correlates to the degree of liver fibrosis assessed by APRI score. Further larger studies are warranted in order to corroborate the importance of sarcopenia in patients with PSC.

scholarly journals Dietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽  
Lynda Luna-Villa ◽  
Carolina Batis ◽  
Ernesto Roldán-Valadez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Fatty Liver Index ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis Index ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Fructose intake has been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective of this study was to assess the consumption of dietary fructose according to: 1) classification of hepatic steatosis by two indexes and 2) diagnosis of NAFLD by MRI. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 100 young adults from Mexico City. The Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) were estimated using Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and fasting concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT). A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to obtain dietary sources of fructose. We estimated the concordance between the hepatic indices and NAFLD and the correlation between the index scores and the percentage of liver fat. Eighteen percent presented NAFLD; 44% and 46% were classified with hepatic steatosis according to HSI and FLI, respectively. We compared dietary intake of fructose by each outcome: HSI, FLI, and NAFLD. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and juices were consumed significantly more by those with steatosis by FLI and NAFLD suggesting that SSB intake is linked to metabolic alterations that predict the risk of having NAFLD at a young age.

scholarly journals Total Psoas Muscle Area as a Marker for Sarcopenia Is Related to Outcome in Children With Neuroblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Ritz ◽  
Alexandra Froeba-Pohl ◽  
Julian Kolorz ◽  
Victor Vigodski ◽  
Jochen Hubertus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Background: Sarcopenia describes a generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, or function. Determined by measuring the total psoas muscle area (tPMA) on cross-sectional imaging, sarcopenia is an independent marker for poor post-surgical outcomes in adults and children. Children with cancer are at high risk for sarcopenia due to immobility, chemotherapy, and cachexia. We hypothesize that sarcopenic children with neuroblastoma are at higher risk for poor post-operative outcomes.Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of children with neuroblastoma ages 1–15 years who were treated at our hospital from 2008 to 2016 with follow-up through March 2021. Psoas muscle area (PMA) was measured from cross-sectional images, using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at lumbar disc levels L3-4 and L4-5. tPMA is the sum of the left and right PMA. Z-scores were calculated using age- and gender-specific reference values. Sarcopenia was defined as a tPMA z-score below −2. A correlation of tPMA z-scores and sarcopenia with clinical variables and outcome was performed.Results: One hundred and sixty-four children with workup for neuroblastoma were identified, and 101 children fulfilled inclusion criteria for further analysis, with a mean age of 3.92 years (SD 2.71 years). Mean tPMA z-score at L4-5 was −2.37 (SD 1.02). Correlation of tPMA z-score at L4-5 with weight-for-age z-score was moderate (r = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38, 0.66). No association between sarcopenia and short-term outcome was observed. Sarcopenia had a sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.62–0.93) and a specificity of 0.48 (95% CI 0.36–0.61) in predicting 5-year survival. In a multiple regression analysis, pre-operative sarcopenia, pre-operative chemotherapy in the NB2004 high-risk group, unfavorable tumor histology, and age at diagnosis were associated with 5-year survival after surgery, with hazard ratios of 4.18 (95% CI 1.01–17.26), 2.46 (95% CI 1.02–5.92), 2.39 (95% CI 1.03–5.54), and 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.03), respectively.Conclusion: In this study, the majority of children had low tPMA z-scores and sarcopenia was a risk factor for decreased 5-year survival in children with neuroblastoma. Therefore, we suggest measuring the tPMA from pre-surgical cross-sectional imaging as a biomarker for additional risk stratification in children with neuroblastoma.

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