scholarly journals Towards women-inclusive ecology: Representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260163
Author(s):  
Anna Lupon ◽  
Pablo Rodríguez-Lozano ◽  
Mireia Bartrons ◽  
Alba Anadon-Rosell ◽  
Meritxell Batalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Women In Academia ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Women's Participation

Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women’s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women’s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants.

scholarly journals Relating Word Embedding Gender Biases to Gender Gaps: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Friedman ◽  
Sonja Schmer-Galunder ◽  
Anthony Chen ◽  
Jeffrey Rye
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Word Embedding ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Cross Cultural Analysis

Quotas and Gender Gaps in Political Participation among Established Industrial European Democracies: Distinguishing Within- and Across-Country Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Country Effects ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Values ◽  
And Gender

This paper proposes to investigate the influence of legislative quotas on gender differences in political participation by analyzing the within- and across-country effects of quotas. Gender quotas can signal to women that their presence in politics is welcome, leading to a subsequent increase in their involvement in political activities. This change in political behavior should not be reproduced in men; thus, when gender quotas are present, the gap between men’s and women’s participation narrows. Using the European Values Survey and data from eighteen European democracies, this paper demonstrates that this indeed occurs for some political activities when gender gaps are compared before and after the introduction of quotas within countries. This result, however, is not replicated for across-country analyses. European countries without legislative gender quotas tend to have smaller gender gaps than countries with them. This result is explained by referring to the context of the adoption of gender quotas.

scholarly journals Differences at the Extremes? Gender, National Contexts, and Math Performance in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1290-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Andrea Alvarado-Urbina ◽  
Emily Hannum
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Performance Distribution ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Latin American Countries

Studies of gender disparities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) performance have generally focused on average differences. However, the extremes could also be important because disparities at the top may shape stratification in access to STEM careers, while disparities at the bottom can shape stratification in dropout. This article investigates determinants of gender disparities in math across the performance distribution in Latin American countries, where there is a persistent boys’ advantage in STEM performance. Findings reveal disparate national patterns in gender gaps across the performance distribution. Furthermore, while certain national characteristics are linked to gender gaps at the low- and middle-ranges of the performance distribution, female representation in education is the only characteristic associated with a reduced gender gap at the top level.

Do Men and Women Have Different Policy Preferences in Africa? Determinants and Implications of Gender Gaps in Policy Prioritization

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gottlieb ◽  
Guy Grossman ◽  
Amanda Lea Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Social Empowerment

Policies designed to increase women’s representation in Africa are often motivated by the assumption that men and women have different policy preferences. This article finds that gender differences in policy priorities are actually quite small on average, but vary significantly across policy domains and countries. The study leverages this variation to show that the economic and social empowerment of women influences the size of gender gaps in the prioritization of two important domains. In particular, women’s participation in the labor force – an indicator of economic empowerment – narrows the gender gap in the prioritization of infrastructure investment and access to clean water, while social vulnerability widens the gap on prioritizing infrastructure investment. Finally, the article shows that the places where women and men have the most divergent policy preferences – and thus where formal representation is most important – are precisely the places where women are currently the most poorly represented and least active in formal politics.

scholarly journals Do countries with different cultural, social and religious backgrounds behave the same way concerning women’s representation on corporate boards?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Gonca Gungor Goksu ◽  
Maria Luisa Esteban Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Evidence

This study focuses on female representation on corporate boards in Turkey and Spain, two countries in which clear differences exist in social, cultural and religious contexts. Using data from the most influential companies in the two states, we have investigated the presence of women in the boardrooms in 2014. We present new evidence on the comparison of outcomes of women’s participation on boards. Results show differences in the involvement of women on the boards of major companies in Turkey and Spain. Statistical analysis suggests that the presence of women on the most powerful boards of directors of Spanish companies is higher than that of Turkish companies, and there are statistically significant differences between the two countries. This article offers insights to policy makers interested in analysing whether differences, values and beliefs between countries could influence the role of women in the decision-making process of the upper echelons of business. Keywords: Turkey, Spain, board of directors, female directors, corporate governance.  

scholarly journals KUOTA PEREMPUAN DI DPRD JAWA TENGAH PADA PEMILU 2014 DAN PEMILU 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Hamidah Abdurrachman ◽  
Ratna Riyanti ◽  
Rahmad Agung Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Election Result ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Election System ◽  
Practical Level

<p><em>Gender equality in Indonesian legislature has not yet reached its expected state. Despite numerous agreements, conventions, and affirmative actions that were taken so far to promote the agenda, the fact of the matter is that female politicians are still quite rare in Indonesian legislatures, compared to their male counterparts. Among some of the deciding factors that hinder women’s participation in politics, gender gap and transactional relationship in the election system are deemed to be the main ones. </em><em> </em><em>This article wants to address this problem by analysing the regulation of Indonesian general election and the way it affects female representation in regional Indonesian legislatures. Using a normative approach, this article will discuss secondary data through qualitative analysis. We have examined the number of female politicians in five regional House of Representatives in Central Java based on the election result of 2014 and 2019. Our findings showed that women's participation in those legislatures has not yet reached the 30% quota expected by the regulation. Based on this finding, we propose two necessary steps to attain the 30% quota goal. </em><em>T</em><em>he need of a political warrant in practical level for female politicians beyond political party legitimacy and number-ordering of their candidacies. </em><em></em></p>

Gender Relations, Gender Equity, and Community Sports Spaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 019372352096295
Author(s):  
Ruth Jeanes ◽  
Ramòn Spaaij ◽  
Karen Farquharson ◽  
Georgia McGrath ◽  
Jonathan Magee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
Community Sports ◽  
The Impact

This study employs a spatial analysis to critically examine gender relations within an Australian football and netball community sports club that has sought to address gender inequity and promote the participation of women across the club. Notable changes included increased female representation in the club’s decision-making structures, growing numbers of female members, and the establishment of a women’s and girls’ football section. Using an in-depth case study that combined interviews and observations over a 6-month period, we investigated the impact these changes have had on transforming gender relations and in challenging perceptions of the club as a privileged space for its male members. The study utilized spatial and feminist theory to illustrate that, despite the club’s efforts to change gender relations, men who are able to embody dominant forms of masculinity (i.e., high ability and able-bodied) continue to be privileged within the club environment. The article highlights the importance of spatial analysis in illuminating the ways in which various micro-level practices preserve dominant gender relations within community sports. The findings reinforce that although a greater number of women and girls are participating in community sport, this alone is not significantly reshaping gender relations. Policies seeking to promote gender equity in sport need to enforce changes in club environments in addition to focusing on increasing women’s participation.

Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jakana L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Norms ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Female Advantage ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Suicide Attacks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gender Influences

Abstract Although a substantial body of research argues that women provide terrorist organizations with important tactical benefits, few studies draw out the implications of this argument or examine whether female recruits affect the outcomes of terrorist operations. Using data on individual suicide attacks from 1985 to 2015, I show that an attacker's gender influences the lethality of an attack. However, this effect is conditional upon the gender norms of the state in which the attack occurs. The results demonstrate that a female advantage is more apparent only in societies where a woman's role in public life is limited; attacks by female suicide attackers are more deadly in countries where women are largely absent from the workforce, civil society, and protest organizations. I also assess whether counterterrorists eventually adapt to the use of female suicide terrorists. The results demonstrate that female attack lethality is declining with time, suggesting that security forces eventually adapt to women's participation in terrorism. These findings are consequential because they highlight the effect of persistent gender biases on counterterrorism efforts.

Abstract 14058: Sex-based Differences in Reported Payments to Cardiologists by Drug and Device Manufacturers

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayle Shapero ◽  
Qurat-ul-ain Jelani ◽  
Peter Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Physician Specialty ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
State Of Practice ◽  
Device Manufacturer ◽  
Open Payments

Introduction: Sex-based disparities in salaries and promotion in cardiovascular medicine are well known, but there is little data on industry compensation by sex. We attempted to explore sex differences in financial ties to industry in the form of drug and device manufacturer payments to cardiologists. Methods: 2018 Open Payments data was obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). A cross walk was used to link CMS National Plan and Provider Enumeration System National Provider Identifier Data with open payments data. Physician specialty (adult cardiology), sex, state of practice, number and amount of payments, drug and device information were obtained and aggregated for analysis using natural language processing. Results: In 2018, total of 879,119 payments were made to 29246 physicians (10.2% female), totaling $145,556,106. Nationwide, female cardiologists had lower rates of payments (15.5 payments per year vs 25.9 payments), lower average compensation per payment ($113 vs $169) when compared to their male counterparts. Analysis of five drugs/devices with the largest aggregated payments revealed that the female representation in certain categories (consulting, compensation for serving as speaker-non continuing education, and travel and lodging) was far lower than expected (3.8%, 5.4%, and 4.2% respectively). Conclusions: Female cardiologists received fewer payments and lower compensation per payment from drug and device manufacturers as compared to their male counterparts. Further studies are required to determine reasons behind differences in compensation and efforts be made to standardize compensation regardless of sex to promote equal opportunities for all physicians.

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