scholarly journals Determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients attending Hospitals in West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia: A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260427
Author(s):  
Tsega Tola Guracho ◽  
Emiru Merdassa Atomssa ◽  
Obsa Amante Megersa ◽  
Tadesse Tolossa
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Background Dental caries is a prevalent disease in both developed and developing countries and is a public health problem among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients in the west Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted in West Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia. A total of 133 cases and 266 controls participated in this study. Data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires from three hospitals. Epi-info version 7 was used for data entry and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation were computed to summarize the data. Statistics are presented using tables and bar graphs. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of dental caries at P < 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association between the predictors and dental caries. Results A total of 399 adolescents were enrolled in this study, yielding a response rate of 100%. The study found that, daily consumption of sugared coffee (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI:1.62, 5.23), khat chewing (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.46, 3.15), daily consumption of bread (AOR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.44, 4.89), daily consumption of sweet foods (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI:1.19, 3.48), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI:1.09, 3.15), and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste or stick (AOR = 0.48;95%CI, 0.28, 0.81) were significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents. Conclusions and recommendations In this study, drinking sugared coffee, daily consumption of bread, khat chewing, sugary food consumption, living in urban areas, and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste were significantly associated with dental caries. Therefore, improving dietary and drinking habits and strengthening regular tooth brushing are important for reducing dental caries among adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between Public Assistance and Frequent Emergency Department Visits in Urban Areas of Japan: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro IKEDA ◽  
Taku HARADA ◽  
Yoko TARUMI ◽  
Hirotaka OCHIAI ◽  
Takako SHIRASAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Correlation between dermatoglyphics and dental caries in children: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2670
Author(s):  
KishoreKumar Singh ◽  
Kumari Menka ◽  
Kumar Anand ◽  
Aashana Goel ◽  
Abhishek Dontulwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of soil-transmitted helminth infections among pre-school-aged children in Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243836
Author(s):  
Mekuria Asnakew Asfaw ◽  
Teklu Wegayehu ◽  
Tigist Gezmu ◽  
Alemayehu Bekele ◽  
Zeleke Hailemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Gamo Gofa ◽  
Control Study

Background Pre-school aged children (PSAC) are highly affected by soil-transmitted helminths (STH), particularly in areas where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are inadequate. Context-specific evidence on determinants of STH infections in PSAC has not been well established in the study area. This study, therefore, aimed to fill these gaps in Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study, nested in a cross-sectional survey, was conducted in January 2019. Cases and controls were identified based on any STH infection status using the Kato-Katz technique in stool sample examination. Data on social, demographic, economic, behavioral, and WASH related variables were collected from primary caregivers of children using pre-tested questionnaire. Determinants of STH infections were identified using multivariable logistic regression model using SPSS version 25. Results A total of 1206 PSAC (402 cases and 804 controls) participated in this study. Our study showed that the odds of STH infection were lowest among PSAC living in urban areas (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.79), among those from households with safe water source (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.0.93), and in those PSAC from households with shorter distance from water source (<30 minutes) (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39–0.67). On the other hand, the odds of STH infection were highest among PSAC from households that had no functional hand washing facility (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77), in those PSAC from households that had unclean latrine (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19–2.78), and among those PSAC under caregivers who had lower score (≤5) on knowledge related to STH transmission (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.13–3.01). Conclusions Given efforts required eliminating STH by 2030; the existing preventive chemotherapy intervention should be substantially strengthened with WASH and behavioral interventions. Thus, an urgent call for action is required to integrate context-specific interventions, particularly in rural areas.

Oral manifestations of habitual khat chewing: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. e60-e66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Yarom ◽  
Joel Epstein ◽  
Harel Levi ◽  
Dalit Porat ◽  
Eliezer Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia: A case control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247927
Author(s):  
Misganu Teshoma Regasa ◽  
Leta Hinkosa ◽  
Merga Besho ◽  
Tilahun Bekele ◽  
Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Care Visit ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Western Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Background Early neonatal death caused by preterm birth contributes the most for perinatal death. The prevalence of preterm birth continues to rise and is a significant public health problem. The exact cause of preterm birth is yet unanswered, as mostly preterm birth happens spontaneously. Predictors of preterm birth in developing countries like Ethiopia were not well investigated, and no study was conducted before this in the study area. Objectives To identify predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia, 2017/2018. Methods Health facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from October 20/2017-march 20/2018 in 4 Hospitals. A total sample size of 358 women was recruited. From this 72 were cases and 286 were controls. Cases were mothers who gave Preterm birth, and controls were mothers who gave birth at term. Ethical clearance was obtained from Wollega University ethical review committee. A pre tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Logistic regression was done to identify predictors of preterm birth. Result Three hundred fifty-eight women participated in this study of which 72 were cases and 286 were controls; making the overall response rate of 100%. Lack of antenatal care visit [AOR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.37–7.38]),(Having 1–2 antenatal care visit [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.18–4.35]),history of previous preterm)[AOR = 5.19, 95% CI1.29–20.88],Short Interpregnancy Interval [AOR = 4.41.95% CI 2.05–9.47],Having Reproductive tract infections [AOR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.02–6.32] and having Obstetric complications [AOR = 2.48,95% CI 1.31–4.71] were found to be predictors of preterm birth. Conclusion and recommendation Risk factors of preterm delivery are multifactorial and depend on geographical and demographic features of the population studied. Hence results of studies from one area might not be applicable to another area. Antenatal care visits are unique opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of problems. Therefore, antenatal care should be strengthened, and appropriate counseling should be given at each antenatal care follow up. Maintainning optimum birth interval through family planning, and early identification and treatment of reproductive tract infections are mandatory.

scholarly journals Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Mpairwe ◽  
Milly Namutebi ◽  
Gyaviira Nkurunungi ◽  
Pius Tumwesige ◽  
Irene Nambuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Control Study

Data on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5–17 years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, among 555 cases and 1115 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians. The main risk factors for asthma were tertiary education for fathers (adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.32 (1.71–3.16)) and mothers (1.85 (1.38–2.48)); area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas (2.16 (1.60–2.92)) and (2.79 (1.79–4.35)), respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and cooking on gas/electricity. In conclusion, asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.

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