Determination of Transcriptional Initiation Sites and Their Usage in the Nervous System

2003 ◽  
pp. 115-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Weisinger ◽  
Joseph D. DeCristofaro ◽  
Edmund F. La Gamma
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcriptional Initiation

scholarly journals Analytical Methods for the Determination of Neuroactive Steroids

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Michal Kaleta ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Miroslav Strnad
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Hormonal Steroids ◽  
Endocrine Tissues

Neuroactive steroids are a family of all steroid-based compounds, of both natural and synthetic origin, which can affect the nervous system functions. Their biosynthesis occurs directly in the nervous system (so-called neurosteroids) or in peripheral endocrine tissues (hormonal steroids). Steroid hormone levels may fluctuate due to physiological changes during life and various pathological conditions affecting individuals. A deeper understanding of neuroactive steroids’ production, in addition to reliable monitoring of their levels in various biological matrices, may be useful in the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of some neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant methods currently available for analysis of neuroactive steroids, with an emphasis on immunoanalytical methods and gas, or liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Central Nervous System Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Evrysthenis Vartholomatos ◽  
George Vartholomatos ◽  
George A. Alexiou ◽  
Georgios S. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review

Central nervous system malignancies (CNSMs) are categorized among the most aggressive and deadly types of cancer. The low median survival in patients with CNSMs is partly explained by the objective difficulties of brain surgeries as well as by the acquired chemoresistance of CNSM cells. Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique with the ability to quantify cell phenotype and to categorize cell populations on the basis of their characteristics. In the current review, we summarize the Flow Cytometry methodologies that have been used to study different phenotypic aspects of CNSMs. These include DNA content analysis for the determination of malignancy status and phenotypic characterization, as well as the methodologies used during the development of novel therapeutic agents. We conclude with the historical and current utility of Flow Cytometry in the field, and we propose how we can exploit current and possible future methodologies in the battle against this dreadful type of malignancy.

scholarly journals Bioanalysis of small-molecule drugs in nasal and paranasal tissues and secretions: Current status and perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-702
Author(s):  
Ana Serralheiro ◽  
Gilberto Alves ◽  
Amílcar Falcão
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

AbstractOver the last years, interest in intranasal administration as an alternative and promising route for the delivery of drugs withlocal, systemic, and even central nervous system action has tremendously increased. Accordingly, understanding of the propertiesand characteristics of the nasal cavity as well as the biodisposition processes of drugs into the nasal compartments is acquiringa significant prominence in the field of pharmacology. In this context, the development and validation of bioanalytical methodologies for the quantitative measurement of drugs and their metabolites in nasal and paranasal tissues and/or secretions is of the utmostimportance. However, currently, information concerning bioanalysis of drugs in nasal and paranasal tissues and/or secretionsis scattered. This review aims to provide a valuable overview of the methodologies that have been used for the collectionand preparation of nasal and paranasal samples with special emphasis placed on the review of liquid chromatographic methodsemployed for the quantitative determination of small-molecule drugs and their metabolites in such specimens.

“CHANGES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 WITH NEPHROPATHY AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NEUROMARKERS OF BRAIN INJURY. LITERATURE REVIEW"

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Yu. Urmanova ◽  
A. Holikov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Neurospecific Proteins

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY is to carry out an analysis of the literature evaluating diabetic encephalopathy by determining neuromarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this article, the authors analyzed the literature on the role of neuromarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing program hemodialysis. RESEARCH RESULTS. Among biochemical markers, the determination of the level of neurospecific proteins is actively being investigated. The main part of them is autoantigens, entering the bloodstream, can cause the appearance of autoantibodies, which, when the blood-brain barrier is impaired, enter the brain from the blood vessel and cause morphological changes, destructive processes in neurons, as well as the development of nonspecific acute-phase reactions like edema or inflammation. Biomarker studies for the diagnosis of various brain lesions have been under way for more than 20 years, but at present no ideal biomarker has been found. Among biochemical markers, the determination of the level of neurospecific proteins is being actively studied. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis, this issue is also relevant in view of the frequent vascular cerebrovascular complications, but few studies have been conducted. CONCLUSIONS. All of the above emphasizes the need to identify the features of clinical and functional changes in the nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving program hemodialysis and to evaluate the prognostic value of neuromarkers in early detection of the degree of brain damage. 

CHRONIC LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Harry H. White ◽  
Fred D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lead Encephalopathy ◽  
Urinary Coproporphyrin

Chronic lead encephalopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients who present with manifestations of schizophrenia, behavior disorders or degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Determination of urinary coproporphyrin is a simple, fast screening procedure applicable to office practice. The prognosis for normal mental development following encephalopathy is poor. It is hoped that early recognition of the more subtle signs of central nervous system involvement will allow treatment to be instituted soon enough to prevent the crippling mental deterioration which is so often a sequela of lead poisoning.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF VALPROIC ACID IN TEAR BY GCQ -ASSESSEMENT OF THE CONCENTRATIONS OF DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN TEAR-

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Masaharu NAKAJIMA ◽  
Tomoko OHTA ◽  
Nozomi KAWAKAMI ◽  
Susumu YAMATO ◽  
Kenji SHIMADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals The influence of cytochrome p-450 gene polymorphisms on the tramadol postoperative analgesia effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
D. A Sokolov ◽  
Pavel A. Lyuboshevskiy ◽  
N. Yu Levshin ◽  
A. V Zhemchugov ◽  
L. V Kuptsova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Gynecological Surgery ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptors ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

The effectiveness of postoperative analgesia may be determined by genetic characteristics of patients that affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs. In particular, as a result of the metabolism of tramadol by isoenzyme of cytochrome P-450 is formed O-desmethyltramadol having higher affinity to mu-opioid receptors. The paper explored the effectiveness of analgesia based on tramadol in 48 patients after endoscopic gynecological surgery depending on the presence/absence of polymorphisms of CYP2D6 gene.It was found that 15 patients with polymorphisms С100Т and G1846A had more intensive postoperative pain, which was accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Determination of these polymorphisms may be useful to select the optimal postoperative analgesia.

An optimised procedure for prenatal ethanol exposure with determination of its effects on central nervous system connections

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sbriccoli ◽  
Donatella Carretta ◽  
Marialaura Santarelli ◽  
Alberto Granato ◽  
Diego Minciacchi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure
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