scholarly journals In vitro study of ivermectin efficiency against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, among cattle herds in El-Beheira, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaber E. Batiha ◽  
Ali H. El-Far ◽  
Amany A. El-Mleeh ◽  
Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy ◽  
Eman K. Abdelsamei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Gst Activity

Background and Aim: Ivermectin (IVM) has been used in veterinary practice to control different parasitic infestations over the past two decades. This study aimed to re-assess the acaricidal effects of IVM, as well as to evaluate its efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus by determining the mortality rate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level, and oxidative/ antioxidative homeostasis (malondialdehyde [MDA] levels and glutathione S-transferase [GST] activities). Materials and Methods: Adult females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus were picked from cattle farms in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Ticks were equally allocated to seven experimental groups to assess the acaricidal potential of IVM chemotherapeutics in controlling R. (B.) annulatus. IVM was prepared at three concentrations (11.43, 17.14, and 34.28 μM of IVM). Results: Mortality rate was calculated among the treated ticks. In addition, GABA, GST, and MDA biomarker levels were monitored. The data revealed a noticeable change in GST activity, a detoxification enzyme found in R. (B.) annulatus, through a critical elevation in mortality percentage. Conclusion: IVM-induced potent acaricidal effects against R. (B.) annulatus by repressing GST activity for the initial 24 h after treatment. Collectively, this paper reports the efficacy of IVM in a field population of R. (B.) annulatus in Egypt. Keywords: acaricidal, glutathione S-transferase, ivermectin, malondialdehyde, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, γ-aminobutyric acid.

Oxidative metabolism of incubated cerebral cortex slices from pyridoxine-deficient kittens

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy M. McKhann ◽  
Olaf Mickelsen ◽  
Donald B. Tower
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Shunt Pathway ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Cortex Slices

Pyridoxine deficiency was produced in weanling kittens by dietary means. Clinically, the deficient animals showed failure to gain weight, ataxia, and, if left on the diet, seizures and death. In vitro study of isolated cerebral cortex slices from the deficient animals showed decreased formation of γ-aminobutyric acid and decreased oxygen uptake when glucose was the substrate. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate to the incubation media corrected both of these defects toward the levels found in normal littermate controls. The decreased oxygen uptake was also corrected by the addition of γ-aminobutyric acid to the media. It is suggested that in pyridoxine deficiency, cerebral oxidative metabolism is impaired by blockage of the γ-aminobutyric acid ‘shunt’ pathway at the glutamic decarboxylase step. The role of this shunt pathway in normal neuronal metabolism is discussed.

scholarly journals Gamal (Gliricidia Sepium) Leaf Extract Increase Mortality of Fasciola gigantica In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Brillia Zulianti ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Aditya Yudhana ◽  
Jola Rahmahani ◽  
Maya Nurwartanti Yunita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Range Test

Fasciolosis is a disease caused by infection with liver fluke (Fasciola sp). Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease that is important because it can cause high economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamal (Gliricidia sepium) leaf extract against mortality of Fasciola gigantica in vitro study. In present study was completely randomized design with six treatments and each treatment were divided into four replications. A total of 240 specimens from infected cattles were used in this study. The observation and recording of F. gigantica mortality in all treatments with concentrations of gamal leaf extract P1 (1%), P2 (2%), P3 (3), P4 (4%), K + (Nitroxynil 2%) and K- (physiological NaCl) rate was done in 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 minutes, respectively. The mortality of F. gigantica was confirmed if there was no movement when triggered by anatomy tweezers then dipped in slightly warm water (50 15℃"> ). The data was analyzed using ANAVA Faktorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results of this study were shown the lowest and the highest mortality rate recorded at minutes 30 and 240 respectively. Moreover, the mean of mortality rate were peaked in nitroxynil (K+) and 1% gamal leaf extract treatment, while the lowest mean of mortality rate occurs in NaCl (K-) treatment. Present study conclude that gamal leaf extract has anthelmintic effect on the mortality rate of Fasciola gigantica. Gamal leaf extract with 1% concentration was claimed to be the most effective.

scholarly journals In vitro Efficacy of Verticillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana of Commercial Source Against Cattle Tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawky Mohamed Aboelhadid ◽  
Samar Mahmoud Ibrahium ◽  
Walid Mahmoud Arafa ◽  
Lilian Nagy Maahrous ◽  
Abdel-Azeem Shaban Abdel-Baki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus ◽  
Commercial Source

scholarly journals Acaricides efficiency on Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus from Bahia state North-Central region

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Tadeu Raynal ◽  
Aretha Alves Borges da Silva ◽  
Thiago de Jesus Sousa ◽  
Thiago Campanharo Bahiense ◽  
Roberto Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Cattle Farms

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus is responsible for major losses in the Brazilian livestock, mainly due to reduction in cattle productive performance. Resistance development to major classes of acaricide widely used nowadays has been extensively reported, as well as the occurrence of residues from these compounds in animal products and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of acaricides onR. (B.)microplus collected from rural properties in the North-Central region of Bahia State. Ticks were collected in several cattle farms in the cited region, and an in vitro acaricide efficiency assay was performed based on the immersion of ticks in acaricide solutions made according to manufacturers' recommendations. The results obtained in the experiments indicated varying degrees of efficiency of the several bases studied, with the products benzofenilurea, macrocyclic lactone and fipronil showing the highest levels of efficiency, 100%, 100% and 97.34%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that, for the region studied, there are different degrees of commercial acaricides efficiency, and many present less than 95% effectiveness, value determined as acceptable by the Brazilian legislation.

Effect of Temperature and Safeners on Glutathione Levels and Glutathione S-Transferase Activity in Maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Kunkel ◽  
John C. Steffens ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Gst Activity

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the biochemical aspects of chloroacetamide injury to maize and the mechanism by which safeners maintain herbicide tolerance, even at reduced temperatures. The objectives of these studies were threefold: one, determine whether gluta­thione (GSH) content varies in maize plants grown at three different temperatures in safener-treated and non-treated plants; two, determine whether glutathione S-transferase (GST) activ­ity varies in plants grown at different temperatures; and three, determine if GSH activity is sensitive to low temperatures in vitro. The herbicide safeners CGA -154281 [4-(dichloroacetyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2 H-1 ,4-benzoxazine] and dichlormid [2,2-dichloro-N,N-di-2-propenylacetamide] were used with metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-methyl)acetamide] or acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-acetamide], respectively, to determine the mechanisms of maize tolerance. CGA -154281 signifi­cantly increased GSH levels in maize seedlings grown at 27 °C compared to non-safened seed­lings, however significant differences were not seen at 17 or 37 °C. Dichlormid increased GSH levels by 1.6-fold at all growth temperatures. Both CGA -154281 and dichlormid increased GST activity significantly at all growth temperatures. The safener-induced GST activity was main­tained at in vitro incubation temperatures of 5 and 15 °C for acetochlor and metolachlor, re­spectively. In contrast, GST activity from non-safened tissue was essentially absent at these temperatures. Therefore, greater GST activity following safener treatment may result in higher levels of herbicide metabolism, even at low temperatures.

In vitro acaricidal effects of ethanolic extract and its fractions of Ageratum conyzoides L. against common cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Narayanan Nair ◽  
Sanis Juliet ◽  
Krishnan Kavillimakkil Amithamol ◽  
Athalathil Ramankutty Sunil ◽  
Adarsh Krishna Thumadath Palayullaparambil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus

Alleviation of injury from chlorimuron-ethyl in maize treated with safener 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Xia Zhao ◽  
Hai-Tao Qu ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Fei Ye
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameter ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Herbicide Safeners ◽  
Gst Activity

Zhao, L.-X., Qu, H.-T., Fu, Y., Gao, S. and Ye, F. 2015. Alleviation of injury from chlorimuron-ethyl in maize treated with safener 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 897–903. The protective effects of herbicide safeners, including 3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (R-28725), 3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (Racemate), and its two enantiomers (R)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (R-enantiomer) and (S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (S-enantiomer), on reducing the phytotoxicity of chlorimuron-ethyl to maize were investigated. Soaking the seeds in safeners increased the endogenous glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of maize. When induced by R-enantiomer, the GST activity in vivo and in vitro increased 180 and 192% compared with control, respectively. R-28725 and R-enantiomer also increased the acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity inhibited by chlorimuron-ethyl from 45 to 100 and 97% compared with the control, respectively. The kinetic parameter Vmax of GST in the maize treated with R-28725 and R-enantiomer increased by 103 and 92%, respectively, compared with the control. Our results suggest that R-28725 and R-enantiomer could significantly improve the GSH content, GST activity, and ALS activity of maize. Overall, maize could be protected from the injury caused by chlorimuron-ethyl.

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