scholarly journals Occurrence of oxytetracycline residues in milk samples from Palakkad, Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064
Author(s):  
M. Asif Hebbal ◽  
C. Latha ◽  
K. Vrinda Menon ◽  
Jolly Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Health Significance

Background and Aim: Food of animal origin such as milk is vital for nutritional security and should be free of any antibiotic residues due to its public health significance. We designed a study aiming to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residues and in further levels of oxytetracycline residues in pooled raw milk samples from Palakkad district, Kerala. Materials and Methods: We collected pooled raw milk samples were collected from Alathur, Chittoor, and Palakkad blocks of Palakkad district, Kerala. A total of 215 samples were screened for antibiotic residues by microbial inhibition assay (MIA) and the positive samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine oxytetracycline residues, this was further confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: We found that out of the 215 pooled raw milk samples screened for antibiotic residues using MIA, 22 samples (10.23%) were positive for antibiotic residues from Palakkad, Kerala. Out of these 22 samples, five (2.33%) were positive for oxytetracycline residues. We further calculated the mean concentration of oxytetracycline residues in these five samples and estimated it to be 201.00±41.25 ng/mL and 272.11±53.21 ng/mL using ELISA and HPLC, respectively. On analyzing these five samples, we found that four samples (1.86%) exceeded the maximum residue limits level of 100 ng/mL for oxytetracycline residues in milk as specified by Codex Alimentarius Commission/Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). Conclusion: This study revealed that the occurrence of oxytetracycline residues in pooled raw milk samples in the Palakkad district of Kerala. Hence, there is a need for surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk due to its impact on public health to ensure consumer safety.

scholarly journals Impact of residues of veterinary medicinal products in food of animal origin on public health safety in Poland in the years 2003-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 6412-2020
Author(s):  
MICHAŁ MAJEWSKI ◽  
KRZYSZTOF ANUSZ ◽  
ZBIGNIEW BEŁKOT ◽  
PRZEMYSŁAW RACEWICZ ◽  
ANNA ŁUKOMSKA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Veterinary Medicinal Products

Monitoring the presence of residues of unauthorized substances, chemical and biological residues, medicinal products and radioactive contamination in food is an important element of the system for protection of consumers against hazardous foods. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of monitoring tests for the presence of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics affecting consumer safety in products of animal origin that were carried out in Poland in the years 2003-2017. The material for analysis were annual reports on the results of tests for the presence of prohibited substances, chemical and biological residues, medicinal products and radioactive contamination in food produced in Poland. Samples for testing were taken at random from food of animal origin produced on farms under the supervision of the Veterinary Inspectorate. The reports present data on monitoring tests carried out in the years 2003-2017. The analysis was based on the results for B1 substances, which include antibacterial substances, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics approved for use in food-producing animals. The results from the last two years of research were analyzed in detail, including the results for prohibited substances with antibacterial action from group A6 (prohibited substances) and, in the case of poultry, for coccidiostats (group B2b).The results of the monitoring studies in Poland indicate that both veterinarians and animal breeders were aware that the proper use of chemotherapeutics and compliance with waiting periods are necessary to ensure food safety. Samples that exceeded the standards represented less than 0.3% of all samples tested in all types of food. According to the results of these studies, antibiotic residues were most frequently found in honey.

scholarly journals Determination of Polypeptide Antibiotic Residues in Food of Animal Origin by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3261
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bladek ◽  
Iwona Szymanek-Bany ◽  
Andrzej Posyniak
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Polypeptide Antibiotic

A novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of polypeptide antibiotic residues in animal muscle, milk, and eggs was developed and validated. Bacitracin A, colistin A, colistin B, polymyxin B1, and polymyxin B2 were extracted from the samples with a mixture of acetonitrile/water/ammonia solution 25%, 80/10/10 (v/v/v), and put through further evaporation, reconstitution, and filtration steps. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column in gradient elution mode. Mass spectral acquisitions were performed in selective multiple reaction monitoring mode by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The method was validated according to the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method quantifies polypeptides in a linear range from 10 to 1000 μg kg−1, where the lowest concentration on the calibration curve refers to the limit of quantification (LOQ). The recoveries ranged from 70 to 99%, the repeatability was below 13%, and within-laboratory reproducibility was lower than 15%. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) values were calculated, and ruggedness and stability studies were performed, to fulfill the criteria for confirmatory methods. Moreover, the developed method may also be used for screening purposes by its labor efficiency.

scholarly journals HPLC-DAD multi-residue method for determination of florfenicol, penicillin and tetracycline residues in raw cow milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Ali Jaber ◽  
Zeinab Zahreddine ◽  
Simon Abou Haidar ◽  
Chadi Hosri ◽  
Ghassan Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

The existence of antibiotic residues in edible products constitutes a health problem to the consumers. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of florfenicol (FF), penicillin (PE), and tetracycline (TC) residues in dairy raw milk samples. The determination of these antibiotics was carried out on HP-ODS Hypersil C18 (5μm, 125*4 mm) column at a flow rate (1mL/min) and temperature (35 ⁰C). The extraction method includes deproteinization of the milk sample followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines. The recoveries for the studied antibiotics ranged from 82–111.54 % making the method suitable for performing routine analysis. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of antibiotic residues in 50 dairy raw milk samples collected from many regions in Lebanon. The results showed the occurrence of these antibiotics residues in milk collected from different Lebanese regions. The numbers indicate that 22 % of milk samples were found to be positive for FF, 42 % for PE, and 28 % for TC residues.

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotics sensitivity profiles of bacteria isolated from raw milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Mukta Talukder ◽  
HM Manir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Food Contamination ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity

The extensive progress of dairy sectors in a developing country like Bangladesh, led to widespread use of antibiotics to improve the health and productivity of animals. Prolonged usage may lead to antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin; hence, the emergence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Accurate data on the antibiotic usage in livestock treatment, antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances in raw milk in Bangladesh are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the types and usages of antibiotics in cattle, their potential microbial resistances in raw milk samples. To do so, a total of 54 raw milk samples were evaluated and the bacterial isolates were identified and measured for resistance to 4 antibiotics most commonly used during bacterial infection Bangladesh. Amongst all 54 (100%) isolates were positive to S. aureus and 36 (66.67%) isolates were positive to E coli. Determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates showed that all isolates of S. aureus were resistant to cefoxitin (81.48%), ampicillin (64.81%), ciprofloxacin (51.85%), and gentamycin (70.37%). E. coli showed resistance to cefoxitin (69.44%), ampicillin (83.33%), ciprofloxacin (77.78%), and gentamycin (86.11%). However multidrug resistance pattern was also found. The obtained results provide evidence that antimicrobial resistant strains of the above pathogens have become remarkably widespread in raw milk. This requires better management for antibiotic usages among livestock farmers to control sources of food contamination and reduce the health risks associated with the development of resistant microbial strainsAsian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2016, 2(3): 396-401

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic residues in locally raw milk by using high performance liquid chromatography at different seasons and the effect of heat treatment on their concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salman Moqef Al- kurashi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
High Degree

     The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibiotics residues in the locally produced cows raw milk as well as to evaluate the effect of different commercial heat treated process on the level of antibiotics residues in milk. A total of 52 locally produced milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows in AL-Fudhailia village, milk cans (50 Kg), bulk milk tanks (1, 5 and 10 tons) which belonged to the milk reception and collection centers and dairy plants in Baghdad were collected during beginning of December 2015 to the end of April 2016. Results revealed by using high performance liquid chromatography that there was a significant seasonal variation in the residual concentration of each detected antibiotic in milk samples, where it was found that all cow's milk samples had significantly higher concentrations of antibiotic residues in spring than in winter seasons. Generally by excluding both the season and the kind of antibiotic, it was found that milk samples that were collected from 50 Kg milk cans recorded significantly highest antibiotic residues followed by bulk milk tanks of 1 and 5 tons in comparison to 10 tons. Antibiotics recovery experiment was conducted by spiking the bovine milk samples with Known concentrations four ß-lactams (Benzylpencillin, Cloxacillin, Amoxcilin, Ampcilline) and other five detected antibiotics and then exposed to one of the three different commercial heat treatments. The results showed that the pasteurization process (63°C/30 min.) a slight inactivation of four ß-lactams and other five detected antibiotics, whereas 80°C/5 min. high degree of antimicrobial loss at the rate of 89% and 82%. However, boiling at 100°C/5 min, high degree of antimicrobial loss at the rate of 100% and 90% respectively.

scholarly journals Antibiotic residues in cow’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Mimoune ◽  
Sara Seddiki ◽  
Ratiba Baazizi ◽  
Imad Eddine Saboundji ◽  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

Veterinary treatments, mainly antibiotics, used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in dairy cows, may be the cause of the presence of their residues in milk. This can have harmful consequences on animal and human health. To fully understand this problem, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibiotic residues on 160 samples of cow’s milk in the North Central region of Algeria, using two distinct microbiological techniques (acidification test and agar diffusion test) for two strains Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed antibiotic residue contamination in 18.12% of samples. Tetracycline and/or penicillin residues were responsible for the contamination of 90% of positive milk samples, while macrolide and/or aminoglycoside residues were only detected in 6.66% of positive samples. The confirmation by the agar diffusion test of the 31 raw milk samples including 30 positive and one suspicious sample, analysed by the acidification test, showed a contamination rate of 90.32% for beta-lactams and/or tetracyclines (28 samples) and a contamination rate of 3.22% for aminoglycosides and/or macrolides (2 samples). The suspicious sample tested negative. The results of this study showed that the control and monitoring of antibiotics and their residues by collectors and in foods of animal origin are particularly important to ensure the safety of food of animal origin, and thus to protect the consumer.

scholarly journals Undeclared (Poly)phosphates Detection in Food of Animal Origin as a Potential Tool toward Fraud Prevention

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547
Author(s):  
Radmila Pavlovic ◽  
Federica Di Cesare ◽  
Francesca Longo ◽  
Franco Abballe ◽  
Sara Panseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Conductometric Detection ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Phosphate Treatment ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

(Poly)phosphates are approved as water-preserving and emulsifying agents that improve the appearance and consistency of many food products. The labelling of added (poly)phosphates is essential for protecting vulnerable population groups and to prevent unfair trade practices resulting in economic fraud. The problems with (poly)phosphates’ utilisation concerns both analytical and legislative issues, such as: (1) their straightforward detection; (2) excessive addition altering freshness perception and misleading consumers; (3) uncontrolled usage increasing foodstuff weight; (4) application in products where they are not permitted; and (5) no indication on the label. Bearing all these issues in mind, the main purpose of this study was the quantification and screening of the (poly)phosphates profile in meat, marine and dairy products (160 samples), of which 43 were without declared (poly)phosphate treatment. Analysis was completed by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography either with conductometric detection or coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Although the (poly)phosphates profiles varied greatly according to species and processing type, the following criteria for detection of illicit treatment were established: high orthophosphate level, quantified short-chain (poly)phosphate anions and the presence of long-chain forms. In conclusion, the instrumental platforms used in this study can be recommended to inspection bodies as reliable methods for the detection of food adulteration with (poly)phosphates.

Prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157, O26 and O111 in milk, meat and faeces of cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 15667-15675
Author(s):  
Chakirath Folakè Arikè Salifou ◽  
Cyrille Boko ◽  
Isidore Houaga ◽  
Raoul Agossa ◽  
Isabelle Ogbankotan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Objectives: The study aimed to search for E. coli O157 and non-O157 in milk, meat and faeces of cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered in Cotonou. Methodology and Results: One hundred and Seventy-Five (175) samples including 25 meat, 25 faeces per species and 25 milk from cattle were analysed for E. coli O157; O26 and O111 and the virulence genes were identified by PCR. The SAS software (1998) and the bilateral Z test were used to calculate and compare the identification frequencies. E. coli O157 was identified in 4% of cattle faeces, 4% of sheep faeces, and 20% of beef and, in 20% of milk samples. E. coli O26 was identified in 12% of cattle faeces and, in 8% of beef samples. E. coli O111 was identified at frequencies of 8%, and 12% in faeces of sheep and pigs, respectively. The eae gene was detected in 4% of beef, ovine meat, milk, pig faeces and in sheep faeces. stx1 was detected in 8% of milk, and in 4% of bovine and sheep faeces. The strains possessing the gene were all of E. coli O157 with the exception of one from pig faeces identified as O111. Conclusions and application of findings: The presence of these serogroups of E. coli with virulence genes poses a real food safety problem in Benin. This study findings must be taken into account for risk assessment and management related to the consumption of food of animal origin. Keywords: Benin, E. coli O157, O26, O111, faeces, meat, milk

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