scholarly journals Saving Water for the Future Via Increasing Plant Literacy of Pupils

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Renata Ryplova ◽  
Jan Pokorny ◽  
Renata Ryplova
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
School Education ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The struggle for mitigation of global climate changes is aimed mostly on CO2 emissions, while the role of vegetation having strong impact on water retention in the landscape and cooling of environment stays out of the focus. The reason is human illiteracy of plant role in our environment having roots already in school education. The vegetation use the majority of solar energy for the water evaporation from leaves and by this way cools itself as well as environment and increase water retention in the landscape. Insufficient understanding of these processes leads to no proper landscape management resulting in further increase of drought and climate further draft interrupted by torrential rains and climate extremes.  To stop over drying and ensure sustainable economy and environment for the future it is necessary to increase general public understanding of the principles of solar energy distribution by vegetation and its role in water cycle in the landscape via improving school education. This contribution inform about the new teaching methodology on this topic developed by co –operation of scientists and educators and implemented into the education at Czech basic schools. The results of the survey aimed on the impact of this teaching methodology on students’ knowledge of plant role in environment are included and necessity of implementation of this topic into sustainable education is discussed. Keywords:  Water, vegetation, solar energy, environmental education, climate

P6146Atmospheric front patterns and acute cardiovascular diseases, a new perspective in the cardiovascular threat of global climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Boussoussou ◽  
M Boussoussou ◽  
M Rakovics ◽  
L Entz ◽  
A Nemes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Cold Front ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Front ◽  
Warm Front ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background There is substantial evidence that the health threat of global climate change is real and it could be a medical emergency. The impact of climate change on health is mediated through atmospheric parameters which are direct environmental stressors on the human body and have a potential cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality effect. Acute cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) are already major public health issues and in the future unfavourable atmospheric situations, such as increasingly volatile fronts and their negative effects can further increase this problem. Despite evidence about the importance of different atmospheric parameters on health outcomes, there have been few results for atmospheric front patterns' CV effects. Weather fronts are the most complex atmospheric phenomena therefore these atmospheric parameters might have the greatest influence on ACVDs. Purpose We aimed to explore the effects of atmospheric front patterns on ACVDs. Methods A time series Poisson-regression analysis was used to analyse 6499 ACVD hospital admissions, during a five-year period (2009–2013), in light of front patterns. Covariates were three-day (target day and the two previous days) front sequence patterns comprised of the five major front types (no front, warm front, occluded front, cold front, stationary front). Relative risk (RR) estimates for front effects were adjusted for seasonality. The relationship on all ACVDs combined and separately on patient groups by major CV risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, previous CV diseases) was examined. Results We found that in general, front patterns containing warm front days had a detrimental effect. A warm front, when followed by two days with no fronts present, increased RR by 46% (CI: 4–89%, p=0,015). Cold fronts however were protective. A no front – cold front – occluded front pattern corresponded to a 28% (CI: 8–49%, p=0,037) decrease in RR, with this pattern being present in 1.1% of all days of the study period. Out of the group specific results an occluded front, following days with no fronts present, showed to have the largest effect on hyperlipidaemic patients, increasing RR by 144% (CI: 51–295%, p<0.001). Conclusions This work provides both independent evidence of front patterns' CV effects and a novel tool to investigate and help the understanding of complex associations between atmospheric fronts and ACVDs. The importance of our findings is growing in the context that extreme atmospheric conditions and changes are likely to become more common in the future as a result of climate change. Medical meteorology may open up a new horizon and become an important field of preventive cardiology in the future. In conclusion, a better understanding of atmospheric front effects is of particular importance in order to help identify possible targets for future prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Tropical Cyclones in the UPSCALE Ensemble of High-Resolution Global Climate Models*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. Roberts ◽  
Pier Luigi Vidale ◽  
Matthew S. Mizielinski ◽  
Marie-Estelle Demory ◽  
Reinhard Schiemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Model Resolution ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.K. on Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) Weather-Resolving Simulations of Climate for Global Environmental Risk (UPSCALE) project, using PRACE resources, constructed and ran an ensemble of atmosphere-only global climate model simulations, using the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 3 (GA3) configuration. Each simulation is 27 years in length for both the present climate and an end-of-century future climate, at resolutions of N96 (130 km), N216 (60 km), and N512 (25 km), in order to study the impact of model resolution on high-impact climate features such as tropical cyclones. Increased model resolution is found to improve the simulated frequency of explicitly tracked tropical cyclones, and correlations of interannual variability in the North Atlantic and northwestern Pacific lie between 0.6 and 0.75. Improvements in the deficit of genesis in the eastern North Atlantic as resolution increases appear to be related to the representation of African easterly waves and the African easterly jet. However, the intensity of the modeled tropical cyclones as measured by 10-m wind speed remains weak, and there is no indication of convergence over this range of resolutions. In the future climate ensemble, there is a reduction of 50% in the frequency of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones, whereas in the Northern Hemisphere there is a reduction in the North Atlantic and a shift in the Pacific with peak intensities becoming more common in the central Pacific. There is also a change in tropical cyclone intensities, with the future climate having fewer weak storms and proportionally more strong storms.

scholarly journals Comparative study of conceptual versus distributed hydrologic modelling to evaluate the impact of climate change on future runoff in unregulated catchments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Isam Jameel Al-Safi ◽  
Hamideh Kazemi ◽  
P. Ranjan Sarukkalige
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The application of two distinctively different hydrologic models, (conceptual-HBV) and (distributed-BTOPMC), was compared to simulate the future runoff across three unregulated catchments of the Australian Hydrologic Reference Stations (HRSs), namely Harvey catchment in WA, and Beardy and Goulburn catchments in NSW. These catchments have experienced significant runoff reduction during the last decades due to climate change and human activities. The Budyko-elasticity method was employed to assign the influences of human activities and climate change on runoff variations. After estimating the contribution of climate change in runoff reduction from the past runoff regime, the downscaled future climate signals from a multi-model ensemble of eight global climate models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase-5 (CMIP5) under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios were used to simulate the future daily runoff at the three HRSs for the mid-(2046–2065) and late-(2080–2099) 21st-century. Results show that the conceptual model performs better than the distributed model in capturing the observed streamflow across the three contributing catchments. The performance of the models was relatively compatible in the overall direction of future streamflow change, regardless of the magnitude, and incompatible regarding the change in the direction of high and low flows for both future climate scenarios. Both models predicted a decline in wet and dry season's streamflow across the three catchments.

Between facts and values: print media coverage of the greenhouse effect, 1987-1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Value Choices ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Using as a baseline Herbert Gans' work on values in the news, this qualitative study of US print media coverage of the greenhouse effect between 1987 and 1990 asserts there are at least three additional values that help frame news of the greenhouse effect: progress, the institutionalization of knowledge, and innocence. These values replicate in some crucial ways the values of the scientific community doing research on the greenhouse effect. However, the impact of these values tends to de-emphasize a view of the future and the role of ethical value choices in covering this story, both of which are essential to public understanding of the issue.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution Shift of Invasive Plant Austroeupatorium inulifolium in the Future Climate Projection

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Angga Yudaputra ◽  
Izu Andry Fijridiyanto ◽  
Inggit Puji Astuti ◽  
Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen ◽  
Ade Yuswandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Occurrence Records

Aims: This study aims to predict the future geographic distribution shift of invasive plant species Austroeupathorium inulifolium as the impact of global climate change. Study Design: The rising temperature and precipitation change lead to the geographic distribution shift of organisms. A. inulifolium belongs to invasive plant species that often causes a substantial economic loss and ecological degradation in the invaded areas. Modelling of species distribution using the climate-based model could be used to understand the geographic distribution shift of invasive species in the future scenario under global climate change. Place and Duration of Study: Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens – LIPI and 6 months. Methodology: The total 2228 of occurrence records were derived from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. The seven climatic variables were selected from 19 variables using a pairwise correlation test (vifcor) with a threshold >0.7. The ensemble model was used by combining Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: Both two models are well-performed either using AUC or TSS evaluation methods. RF and SVM have AUC >0.95, and TSS >0.8. The predicted current distribution tends to have larger distribution areas compared to observed occurrence records. The predicted future distribution seems to be shifted in several parts of North America and Europe. Conclusion: The geographic distribution of invasive plant species A. inulifolium will be shifted to the Northern part of globe in 2090. Mean temperature of driest quarter and precipitation of warmest quarter are the two most important variables that determine the distribution pattern of the A. inulifolium. The predictive distribution pattern of invasive plant A. inulifolium would be important to provide information about the impact of climate change to the geographic distribution shift of this species.

scholarly journals Adapting the wine industry in China to climate change: challenges and opportunities

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Isabel Bardají
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Chinese Wine ◽  
The Impact

<p style="text-align: justify;">Recently, China has become an exciting wine consumer market, as well as one of the most important wine producers. China’s domestic wine industry is in the enviable position of contributing approximately 70% of the total wine consumed with a 1.36 billion population market and the second-largest world economy. Current studies of the Chinese wine industry are mostly focused on the wine market. However, global climate change, which affects the quantity, quality and distribution of wine, will have a strong impact on the Chinese domestic wine industry. In this paper, we characterize the impact of climate change in China and establish policy, financial, technical, institutional and collaborative adaptation strategies for the Chinese wine industry.</p>

Loss of climatic suitability for durum wheat production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Ceglar ◽  
Andrea Toreti ◽  
Matteo Zampieri ◽  
Conxita Royo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Durum wheat (&lt;em&gt;Triticum durum Desf.&lt;/em&gt;) is a minor cereal crop of key importance for making pasta, couscous, puddings, bread, and many other traditional foods, due to its physical and chemical characteristics. Durum wheat currently represents around 8% of the total wheat crop production, with the main cultivation region being concentrated in few suitable areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, the North American Great Plains, and the former USSR. The global demand for high-quality food made of durum wheat has been increasing, which poses a challenge in the face of climate change. The major share of durum wheat production is currently located in semi-arid climates, where the risk of climate extremes such as drought and heat stress will likely substantially increase in the future.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We develop a global climate suitability model for durum wheat growth based on Support Vector Machines. We use CMIP6 data to assess the impact of climate change on future suitability for growing durum wheat globally. The total share of global arable land, climatically suitable for growing rainfed durum wheat, currently represents roughly 13% of the global arable land. However, climate change may decrease this suitable area of 19% by mid-century and of 48% by the end of the century, considering also the gain of suitable land areas, where durum wheat is not cultivated today. This net loss of suitable areas requires the development and the future adoption of effective and sustainable strategies to stabilize production and adapt the entire food supply chain.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Adapting the wine industry in China to climate change: challenges and opportunities

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Isabel Bardají
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Chinese Wine ◽  
The Impact

Recently, China has become an exciting wine consumer market, as well as one of the most important wine producers. China’s domestic wine industry is in the enviable position of contributing approximately 70% of the total wine consumed with a 1.36 billion population market and the second-largest world economy. Current studies of the Chinese wine industry are mostly focused on the wine market. However, global climate change, which affects the quantity, quality and distribution of wine, will have a strong impact on the Chinese domestic wine industry. In this paper, we characterize the impact of climate change in China and establish policy, financial, technical, institutional and collaborative adaptation strategies for the Chinese wine industry.

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