scholarly journals Optimization of the production of xylanases in corncob-based media by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum using Taguchi approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adetunji Elegbede ◽  
Agbaje Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Xylanases are important in producing several commercially valued bioproducts. In this study, xylanases were produced by Aspergillus niger L3 and Trichoderma longibrachiatum L2 using corncob, an agricultural waste, as sole carbon source. The impact of important fermentation parameters at individual and interactive levels were studied using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Substantial variation in enzyme synthesis was observed among designated factor levels. The optimal conditions to produce xylanases were 20% inoculum size, 24 h fermentation time, substrate concentration of 15 g/l at pH 5.5 for A. niger L3; and inoculum size 12.5%, 72 h fermentation time, substrate concentration of 15 g/l at pH 5.5 for T. longibrachiatum L2. Validation of outcomes of the optimal combination of parameters resulted in a significant improvement of approximately 208.09 and 192.59% in the yield of xylanase by A. niger L3 (28.69 to 88.39 U/ml) and T. longibrachiatum L2 (22.13 to 64.75 U/ml), respectively. The study therefore established the optimal valorization of corncob to produce xylanase by the fungal isolates.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Production by Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger Using Submerged Fermentation of Banana Peel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. OMOJASOLA ◽  
Damola O. ADEJORO
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Time

The present study aimed to produce gibberellic acid through fermentation using banana (Musa sapientum) peel waste as substrate. Banana peel, a domestic and industrial waste, constitutes a potential source of cheap fermentable substrate for the production of other value-added products. Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 10052 and Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88 were used as fermenting organisms. The substrate was dried, ground and its proximate composition determined. The powdered substrate was added to a modified CzapekDox broth (a semisynthetic medium), with Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) as control. The fermentation conditions were: pH 5.5; inoculum size 1% (5 × 105 spores/mL F. moniliforme) (2 × 106 spores/mL A. niger); substrate concentration 2 g; temperature 25 ± 2 oC; fermentation time 7 days. The fermentation was optimized by varying pH, inoculum size, substrate concentration and fermentation time. The extracted GA was subjected to infra-red spectroscopy using FT-IR. The parameters which gave the highest GA yields were thereafter combined in a single fermentation. The results of proximate analysis of banana peel substrate revealed 8.65% moisture, 9.54% protein, 5.40% lipids, 11.45% ash, 22.34% crude fibre, and 42.62% carbohydrate. The GA yields of 13.55 g/L and 12.44 g/L were produced from the banana peel substrate and 3.62 and 2.61 g/L from the CMC control by F. moniliforme and A. niger respectively. Under optimized conditions, F. moniliforme produced 17.48 g/L GA, while A. niger produced 13.50 g/L. Extracted GA was similar to standard GA sample and the present results support the potential use of banana peel for fermentative GA production.

scholarly journals On the Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Enhanced Bioethanol Yields from Starchy Biowaste via Yeast Co-Cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hashem ◽  
Saad A. Alamri ◽  
Tahani A. Y. Asseri ◽  
Yasser S. Mostafa ◽  
Gerasimos Lyberatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to assess the impact of the type of yeast consortium used during bioethanol production from starchy biowastes and to determine the optimal fermentation conditions for enhanced bioethanol production. Three different yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia barkeri, and Candida intermedia were used in mono- and co-cultures with pretreated waste-rice as substrate. The optimization of fermentation conditions i.e., fermentation time, temperature, pH, and inoculum size, was investigated in small-scale batch cultures and subsequently, the optimal conditions were applied for scaling-up and validation of the process in a 7-L fermenter. It was shown that co-culturing of yeasts either in couples or triples significantly enhanced the fermentation efficiency of the process, with ethanol yield reaching 167.80 ± 0.49 g/kg of biowaste during experiments in the fermenter.

scholarly journals Orchestration an extracellular lipase production from Aspergillus niger MYA 135: biomass morphology and fungal physiology

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebe Natalia Salvatierra ◽  
Erika Lucía Regner ◽  
Mario Domingo Baigorí ◽  
Licia María Pera
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Fungal Morphology ◽  
Extracellular Lipase ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of biomass morphology and culture conditions on fungal fermentation was widely reviewed in the literature. In this work, we presented three independent experiments in order to evaluate the influence of some of those input factors on a lipase production separately by using the Aspergillus niger MYA 135 and the two-stage fermentation technique. Regarding the culture modality, the biomass was pre-grown in a first reactor. Then, the washed mycelium was transferred to a second reactor to continue the study. Firstly, linear effects of fungal morphology and several physiological parameters on a lipase production were explored using the Plackett–Burman design. The dispersed fungal morphology was confirmed as a proper quality characteristic for producing an extracellular lipase activity. Concerning the impact of the carbon source on the biomass pre-growth, the sucrose (E = 9.923, p < 0.001) and the l-arabinose (E = 4.198, p = 0.009) presented positive and significant effects on the enzyme production. On the contrary, the supplementation of 0.05 g/L CaCl2 displayed a highly negative and significant effect on this process (E = − 7.390, p < 0.001). Secondly, the relationship between the enzyme production and the input variables N:C ratio, FeCl3 and olive oil was explored applying the central composite design. Among the model terms, the N:C ratio of the production medium had the most negative and significant influence on the enzyme synthesis. Thus, it was concluded that a low N:C ratio was preferable to increase its production. In addition, the bifunctional role of FeCl3 on this fungus was presented. Thirdly, a prove of concept assay was also discussed.

scholarly journals Production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390
Author(s):  
Makwin Danladi Makut ◽  
Chioma Deborah Nzeduru ◽  
Ike Kenneth Ekeleme ◽  
Jibril Egwu Owuna ◽  
Obuneme Smart Obiekezeie
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods

This investigation aimed at production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation and identification of the fungal isolates. The yields of gluconic acid produced by the different isolates of the fungi were determined using gas chromatograph and mass Spectrometry. The occurrence of fungi showed that Rhizopus oryzae was 100%, Aspergillus carneus was 75.0%, Aspergillus niger was 75.0% and Aspergillus terreus was 100% while Trichoderma viride was 25.0% and Fusarium moniliforme was 25.0%. The result further demonstrated that three species of the fungal isolates Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carneus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to produce gluconic acid. Screening for gluconic acid production showed that Aspergillus carneus isolated from locations As1, Cs1 and Cs2, Aspergillus niger isolated from locations Bs1, Bs2 and Cs4 were able to produce gluconic acid. Result of effect of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and fermentation time on production of gluconic acid showed that Aspergillus niger Bs2 produced highest amount of gluconic acid at 28oC, similarly highest amount for gluconic acid produced by Aspergillus carneus As1 was at 28oC, whereas Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at 30OC. pH 6.5 was found to the best optima pH for production of both gluconic acid for the fungi studied namely Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest gluconic acid at pH 5.5. The substrate concentration showed highest production of gluconic acid was produced by Aspergillus niger Bs2 at substrate concentration of 25%. Aspergillus carneus As1 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20% and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20%. The fermentation time showed highest production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 was after 144 hours whereas F. moniliforme Bs4 produced gluconic acid after 120hrs respectively. The fungi species isolated from soil in keffi revealed great ability in production of gluconic acid.

scholarly journals A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Nivette ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Raul Aguilar ◽  
Andri Ahven ◽  
Shai Amram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.

Effects of inoculum size on ethanol inhibition modeling and other fermentation parameters

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Vega ◽  
A. R. Navarro ◽  
E. C. Clausen ◽  
J. L. Gaddy
Keyword(s):  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Ethanol Inhibition ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOPUS SP. BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF PRICKLY PEAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRES CARVALHO DOS SANTOS ◽  
GEORGE ABREU FILHO ◽  
AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽  
AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽  
RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA BONOMO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

ABSTRACT: Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support substrate for the production of cellulolytic enzymes using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of water activity, fermentation time and temperature on endoglucanase and total cellulase production. Response Surface Methodology showed that optimum conditions for endoglucanase production were achieved at after 70.35 h of fermentation at 29.56°C and a water activity of 0.875 for Aspergillus niger and after 68.12 h at 30.41°C for Rhizopus sp. Optimum conditions for total cellulase production were achieved after 74.27 h of fermentation at 31.22°C for Aspergillus niger and after 72.48 h and 27.86°C for Rhizopus sp. Water activity had a significant effect on Aspergillus niger endoglucanase production only. In industrial applications, enzymatic characterization is important for optimizing variables such as temperature and pH. In this study we showed that endoglucanase and total cellulase had a high level of thermostability and pH stability in all the enzymatic extracts. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that the enzymes remained active after the freezing of the crude extract. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative for the production of thermostable enzymes.

Fermentation of Vigna sinensis var. carilla Flours by Natural Microflora and Lactobacillus Species

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2313-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA DOBLADO ◽  
JUANA FRIAS ◽  
ROSARIO MUÑOZ ◽  
CONCEPCIÓN VIDAL-VALVERDE
Keyword(s):  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Natural fermentation and an inoculum containing 10% (vol/vol) Lactobacillus fermentum or Lactobacillus plantarum were used to obtain fermented flours from Vigna sinensis L. var. carilla seeds that had been washed with distilled water and dried at 55°C for 24 h. To optimize the fermentation parameters (lactic acid bacterium level, bean flour concentration, and fermentation time), several small-scale fermentation processes were carried out. On the basis of the results obtained, fermentor-scale bean fermentation by microorganisms present on the seeds (natural fermentation [NF]) or by inoculation with L. plantarum (PF) was carried out at 37°C for 48 h with a concentration of 300 g of bean flour per liter. The fermented flours (NF and PF) were also autoclaved. The levels of α-galactosides, inositol phosphates, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), soluble carbohydrates, starch (total and available), total available carbohydrates, thiamin, and riboflavin were determined for the processed cowpea flours, and microbiological studies were also carried out. The beans' levels of α-galactosides, TIA, and inositol hexaphosphate decreased by 95, 50, and 85%, respectively, for the NF flour and by 87, 27, and 85%, respectively, for the PF flour, while inositol pentaphosphate and inositol tetraphosphate were present in both fermented flours. The sucrose content decreased, and glucose, fructose, and galactose appeared as a result of fermentation. The levels of total available sugars and thiamin decreased by 2 and 12% and by 69 and 43%, respectively, while the riboflavin content increased by 106 and 94% for NF and PF flours, respectively. When NF and PF cowpea flours were heated in an autoclave for 20 min, TIA decreased further (by 80 and 56%, respectively). According to the chemical and microbiological results obtained in this study, fermentation with L. plantarum and autoclaving is an excellent process by which to produce a new functional food from the seed of a cheap legume (Vigna sinensis L. var. carilla).

scholarly journals Pectinase production by Aspergillus niger isolated from decomposed apple skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Islam ◽  
B Feroza ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Pectinolytic Activity ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Pectinase Production

Pectinase activity among twelve different fungal strains, Aspergillus niger IM09 was identified as a potential one to produce maximal level 831 U/g at pH 4.0. Media composition, incubation temperature, incubation time, substrate concentration, aeration, inoculum size, assay temperature and nitrogen sources were found to effect pectinase activity. Moisture content did not affect the activity significantly. Media composition was varied to optimize the enzyme production in solid state fermentation. It was observed that the highest pectinase activity of 831.0 U/g was found to produce in presence of yeast extract as a nitrogen source in combination with ammonium sulfate in assay media. Aeration showed positive significant effects on pectinase production 755 U/g at 1000 ml flasks. The highest pectinase production was found at 2 g pectin (521 U/g) used as a substrate. Pectinolytic activity was found to have undergone catabolite repression with higher pectin concentration (205 U/g at 5 g pectin). The incubation period to achieve maximum pectinase activity by the isolated strain Aspergillus niger IM09 was 3 days, which is suitable from the commercial point of view. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15410 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 25-32, 2013

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