scholarly journals Production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390
Author(s):  
Makwin Danladi Makut ◽  
Chioma Deborah Nzeduru ◽  
Ike Kenneth Ekeleme ◽  
Jibril Egwu Owuna ◽  
Obuneme Smart Obiekezeie
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods

This investigation aimed at production of gluconic acid by fungal species isolated from soil in Keffi. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation and identification of the fungal isolates. The yields of gluconic acid produced by the different isolates of the fungi were determined using gas chromatograph and mass Spectrometry. The occurrence of fungi showed that Rhizopus oryzae was 100%, Aspergillus carneus was 75.0%, Aspergillus niger was 75.0% and Aspergillus terreus was 100% while Trichoderma viride was 25.0% and Fusarium moniliforme was 25.0%. The result further demonstrated that three species of the fungal isolates Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carneus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to produce gluconic acid. Screening for gluconic acid production showed that Aspergillus carneus isolated from locations As1, Cs1 and Cs2, Aspergillus niger isolated from locations Bs1, Bs2 and Cs4 were able to produce gluconic acid. Result of effect of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and fermentation time on production of gluconic acid showed that Aspergillus niger Bs2 produced highest amount of gluconic acid at 28oC, similarly highest amount for gluconic acid produced by Aspergillus carneus As1 was at 28oC, whereas Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at 30OC. pH 6.5 was found to the best optima pH for production of both gluconic acid for the fungi studied namely Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest gluconic acid at pH 5.5. The substrate concentration showed highest production of gluconic acid was produced by Aspergillus niger Bs2 at substrate concentration of 25%. Aspergillus carneus As1 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20% and Fusarium moniliforme Bs4 produced highest at substrate concentration of 20%. The fermentation time showed highest production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger Bs2 and Aspergillus carneus As1 was after 144 hours whereas F. moniliforme Bs4 produced gluconic acid after 120hrs respectively. The fungi species isolated from soil in keffi revealed great ability in production of gluconic acid.

scholarly journals Production of amylases by some aspergillus and fusarium species isolated from waste corncobs in Keffi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
MD Makut ◽  
FU Alfa ◽  
IK Ekeleme ◽  
JE Owuna ◽  
NJ Emelogu
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Fusarium Redolens

Amylases are important industrial enzymes that have wide applications ranging from conversion of starch to sugar syrups, to the production of cyclodextrins for the pharmaceutical industry. This investigation aimed at production of amylases using Aspergillus and Fusarium species isolated from waste-corncobs in Keffi Nigeria. Standard microbiological methods were employed for isolation and identification of the fungal isolates. The yields of amylases produced by fungi isolates were determined using Spectrometry. The isolation rate of Aspergillus and Fusarium species was high in location A, C and D with 60% and location B with 40%. The percentage occurrence of the isolates demonstrated that Aspergillus carneus was 40%, Aspergillus aculeatus was 60% and Aspergillus flavus was 20% while Fusarium moniliforme was 80% and Fusarium redolens was 40%. The result demonstrated that three species of the fungal isolates Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus carneus and Fusarium moniliforme were found to produce amylases. Aspergillus aculeatus isolated from locations C3, D1 and D2 produced 0.018mg/ml, 0.018mg/ml and 0.016mg/ml amylases respectively. Similarly, Aspergillus carneus isolated from locations A1 and B2 produced 0.021mg/ml and 0.012mg/ml amylases. Fusarium moniliforme isolated from locations A3, C1 and C4 produced 0.010mg/ml, 0.016mg/ml and 0.015mg/ml amylases. Result of effect of (temperature, pH and fermentation time) for production of amylases. Whereas highest amount for amylases produced by Aspergillus aculeatus and F monliforme were produced at 28 OC. pH 5.0 was found to the best optima pH for production of amylases from the fungi studied A. carneus (2.99 mg/ml amylases). The fermentation time showed highest production of amylase by A. carneus and A. aculeatus after 72 hours while F. moniliforme produced at 96hours. The fungi species isolated from soil in keffi can be used for production of amylases.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Production by Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger Using Submerged Fermentation of Banana Peel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. OMOJASOLA ◽  
Damola O. ADEJORO
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Time

The present study aimed to produce gibberellic acid through fermentation using banana (Musa sapientum) peel waste as substrate. Banana peel, a domestic and industrial waste, constitutes a potential source of cheap fermentable substrate for the production of other value-added products. Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 10052 and Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88 were used as fermenting organisms. The substrate was dried, ground and its proximate composition determined. The powdered substrate was added to a modified CzapekDox broth (a semisynthetic medium), with Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) as control. The fermentation conditions were: pH 5.5; inoculum size 1% (5 × 105 spores/mL F. moniliforme) (2 × 106 spores/mL A. niger); substrate concentration 2 g; temperature 25 ± 2 oC; fermentation time 7 days. The fermentation was optimized by varying pH, inoculum size, substrate concentration and fermentation time. The extracted GA was subjected to infra-red spectroscopy using FT-IR. The parameters which gave the highest GA yields were thereafter combined in a single fermentation. The results of proximate analysis of banana peel substrate revealed 8.65% moisture, 9.54% protein, 5.40% lipids, 11.45% ash, 22.34% crude fibre, and 42.62% carbohydrate. The GA yields of 13.55 g/L and 12.44 g/L were produced from the banana peel substrate and 3.62 and 2.61 g/L from the CMC control by F. moniliforme and A. niger respectively. Under optimized conditions, F. moniliforme produced 17.48 g/L GA, while A. niger produced 13.50 g/L. Extracted GA was similar to standard GA sample and the present results support the potential use of banana peel for fermentative GA production.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of common fungal spp. from commercial broiler feeds available in market of Sylhet District, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
ATMM Elahi ◽  
M Purkayastha ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Broiler Feed

The present study was designed to investigate the mycological contamination of commercial broiler feeds used in poultry establishments in sylhet, Bangladesh. The feed samples of commercial broiler feed (Starter, Grower and Finisher) were collected from the different areas of Sylhet district. A total of 189 commercial broiler feed samples where 63 Starter, 63 Grower and 63 Finisher were collected from the different areas of local market in Sylhet. The selected areas were Kadamtali, Shibjong, Khadim, Kamal Bazar, Dakshin Surma, Fenchugonj. From the feed samples analyzed for the presence of fungal agents, 144 (76.2%) were found positive for one or more fungal species. Fungal isolates were found among 36 (57%) of the 63 Starter feed samples, 45 (71.4%) of the 63 Grower feed samples and 63 (100%) of the 63 Finisher feed samples. The fungal agents isolated from Broiler Starter Feeds, Aspergillus spp. 51 (70.8%) has the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by Fuserium spp. 12 (16.7%) and least is Rhizopus sp. 9(12.5%). Similarly, in case of Broiler Grower Feeds, Aspergillus spp. 66 (68.8%) has the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by Fuserium spp. 18 (18.7%) and least is Rhizopus sp. 12(12.5%). In case of Broiler Finisher Feeds, Aspergillus spp. 90 (69.8%) has the highest rate of occurrence followed by Fuserium spp. 24 (18.6%) and least is Rhizopus sp. 15 (11.6%) respectively.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(2) 38-41

scholarly journals A Study of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Post Harvest Losses of Pineapple Sold at Wudil and Yan Lemo Markets of Kano State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. M. Yahaya ◽  
A. B. Kamalu ◽  
M. U. Ali ◽  
M. Lawan ◽  
Y. S. Ajingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Two Samples

This research was conducted to determine the fungal pathogens responsible for post harvest losses of pineapple sold at Wudil and Yen lemo markets.  Two samples of pineapples were purchased twice a week from both Wudil and Yanlemo markets for four months. The samples were investigated for the presence of fungal pathogen using standard microbiological methods. The methods involve mounting small portion of pineapple in the plate containing Potato dextrose agar to isolate the fungi. Three fungal pathogens belonging to Aspergillus species were isolated, and Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of occurrence of (50%). Followed by A. flavus with (27%). The A. fumigatus had the lowest frequency of occurrence of (23%). The differences between the fungal isolates recorded were significantly different (P<0.05) between the two markets, where higher fungal isolates were recorded at Yanlemo market 159 (40.6%) and Wudil 38 (9.71%). The study showed that the post harvest losses of pine apple in the two markets are attributed to fungal infection. Therefore, safe guarding the two markets from debris and dumps of rotten fruits and vegetable may assist in reducing fungal inoculums in the two markets.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
K. Sheh ◽  
H. M. Maishanu ◽  
S. S. Noma ◽  
S. A. Yusif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

scholarly journals Fungi causing rots in onions at storage and market

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAM Ara ◽  
ML Khatun ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Five varieties of diseased onion samples, four local (Taherpuri, Faridpuri, Kalashnagari, and Zitka) and one Indian (Pusa Red) were collected from different markets of Mymensingh, to isolate and identify the associated fungi. Five different fungal species belonging to three genera were repeatedly isolated. Healthy looking and diseased onions were kept at room temperature. The population of associated fungi increased proportionately with the duration of storage period. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme. Healthy onion bulbs were inoculated (with injury and without injury) with these fungi. Individual fungi produced distinguishable symptom of disease in incubation chamber at 22-23°C temperature. After 30 days of inoculation, bulbs showed comparatively low amount of disease development than those at 60 and 90 days. Maximum disease development was found in the variety Pusa Red (with injury) and it was minimum in Zitka variety (without injury). Keywords: Fungi; Onion; Disease development DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4818 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 245-251, 2008

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SOIL VIA SUBMERGED FERMENTATION USING CORN COB AS SUBSTRATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
A. Nuhu ◽  
Ibrahim Hussaini ◽  
S. Gide ◽  
G. Anas ◽  
A. Madika
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fusarium Sp

One of the limitations of large scale application of laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is the inability to produce them in large quantity at an affordable cost. This study was carried out to screen indigenous fungi for their ability to produce laccase using the locally available substrate. Five soil samples were collected and diluted serially, 0.1 mL of the 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions were inoculated onto Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. The fungal isolates were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The isolates were then screened for laccase production by growing them on PDA containing tannic acid as an indicator compound. The laccase producing isolates were further screened for their ability to utilize corn cob as a substrate for laccase production. Ten fungal species were isolated and identified as Trichoderma viridae (3), Trichoderma harzianum (3), Aspergillus niger (2), Fusarium sp. (1) and Penicillium sp. (1). Only two of the isolates namely T. viridae and T. harzianum were found to be laccase producers. Both laccase producing fungal species were able to utilize corn cob as substrate for laccase production. T. viridae had higher enzyme activity (2.228 U/mL) than T. harzianum (2.1583 U/mL) after 9 days of incubation. Laccase producing fungi were isolated in this study and they were able to use corn cob as substrate for laccase production.

scholarly journals Optimization of the production of xylanases in corncob-based media by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum using Taguchi approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adetunji Elegbede ◽  
Agbaje Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Xylanases are important in producing several commercially valued bioproducts. In this study, xylanases were produced by Aspergillus niger L3 and Trichoderma longibrachiatum L2 using corncob, an agricultural waste, as sole carbon source. The impact of important fermentation parameters at individual and interactive levels were studied using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Substantial variation in enzyme synthesis was observed among designated factor levels. The optimal conditions to produce xylanases were 20% inoculum size, 24 h fermentation time, substrate concentration of 15 g/l at pH 5.5 for A. niger L3; and inoculum size 12.5%, 72 h fermentation time, substrate concentration of 15 g/l at pH 5.5 for T. longibrachiatum L2. Validation of outcomes of the optimal combination of parameters resulted in a significant improvement of approximately 208.09 and 192.59% in the yield of xylanase by A. niger L3 (28.69 to 88.39 U/ml) and T. longibrachiatum L2 (22.13 to 64.75 U/ml), respectively. The study therefore established the optimal valorization of corncob to produce xylanase by the fungal isolates.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

scholarly journals Improved strategies to efficiently isolate thermophilic, thermotolerant, and heat-resistant fungi from compost and soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Frederick Witfeld ◽  
Dominik Begerow ◽  
Marco Alexandre Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThermophilic, thermotolerant and heat-resistant fungi developed different physiological traits, enabling them to sustain or even flourish under elevated temperatures, which are life-hostile for most other eukaryotes. With the growing demand of heat-stable molecules in biotechnology and industry, the awareness of heat-adapted fungi as a promising source of respective enzymes and biomolecules is still increasing. The aim of this study was to test two different strategies for the efficient isolation and identification of distinctly heat-adapted fungi from easily accessible substrates and locations. Eight compost piles and ten soil sites were sampled in combination with different culture-dependent approaches to describe suitable strategies for the isolation and selection of thermophilous fungi. Additionally, an approach with a heat-shock treatment, but without elevated temperature incubation led to the isolation of heat-resistant mesophilic species. The cultures were identified based on morphology, DNA barcodes, and microsatellite fingerprinting. In total, 191 obtained isolates were assigned to 31 fungal species, from which half are truly thermophilic or thermotolerant, while the other half are heat-resistant fungi. A numerous amount of heat-adapted fungi was isolated from both compost and soil samples, indicating the suitability of the used approaches and that the richness and availability of those organisms in such environments are substantially high.

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