scholarly journals Effect of Modifying Shellac with Citric Acid on Shellac-Bagasse Biocomposite

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Nanik Dwi Nurhayati ◽  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Triyono ◽  
Eddy Heraldy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

This study was aimed at modifying local Shellac with citric acid in varied concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % (w/w) to prepare Shellac-Bagasse (Sh-Bg) biocomposite and determining its physico-chemical properties. The biocomposite was made from the natural Shellac matrices and Bagasse fibers. Physico-chemical properties of non-modified Shellac and Shellac modified with citric acid including functional groups, intrinsic viscosity, density, and mechanical tensile strength were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Oswald viscometer and Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The analysis results showed an optimum modification of shellac-citric acid at a concentration of 4% (w/w). FTIR analysis of the modified Shellac showed a broad absorption at 3448 cm–1 which indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH). The presence of C=O ester groups was indicated by the absorption appearing at 1712 cm–1. The absorption at 1251-1250 cm–1 indicated the presence of C-O groups, while the presence of -CH2 methylene groups was indicated by the absorption at 1465 cm–1. The modified Shellac with its optimal intrinsic viscosity of 169.97 mL/g indicated that there was a reaction between citric acid and Shellac to form an ester, so that the polymer chains formed were longer with a low density of 0,6662-0,8168 mg/L when compared to Shellac without modification. The low density indicated that the citric acid-modified Shellac could be processed to be biocomposite. The biocomposite was made with various compositions of Shellac and Bagasse with hot press at 80 °C and under a pressure of 6 Kgf/cm2. The optimum ratio of Shellac to Bagasse in Shellac-Bagasse (Sh-Bg) biocomposite was of 60:40 %. While, the analysis using Universal testing machine resulted a mechanical tensile strength of 0.6 MPa and an elongation at break of 0.45 %.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Data from Universal Testing Machine

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri ◽  
Siti Atiqa Al Zahra Mat Darus
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Z Score ◽  
P Values ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Difference

The tensile strength and flexural strength are the most important mechanical properties as they provide the value of maximum tensile stress and flexural stress. The objective of this study is to analyze statistically the tensile strength and flexural strength data obtained from a universal testing machine. The tests were conducted upon a thermoplastic, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which was in-house molded by using an injection-molding machine. Three different persons have performed the tensile and flexural tests. Three other laboratories have also been involved in these tests. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values were calculated to express the precision and repeatability of the tests. Later, the standard score (z-score) values were also calculated to aid the comparison of the data. Finally, the single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to investigate statistically significant differences between the means of the tensile strength and flexural strength data of each person and laboratory. From the calculation, the RSD values of all three persons and laboratories were lower than 5%, indicating that the data were consistent. The z-score values of all three persons were within the range from -2 to 2, suggesting that the data were close to average. However, the z-score value for one of three laboratories was not within the range, demonstrating that the data was unusual. The P-values of all three persons were higher than 0.05 (except for flexural strength), implying that the difference between the means of the data was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the P-values of all three laboratories were lower than 0.05, indicating that the difference between the means of the data was statistically significant.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI UJI KEKUATAN TARIK (TENSILE STRENGHT) FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PENGUAT ZINK OKSIDA DAN GLISEROL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Mandasari ◽  
Mutya Fika Safitri ◽  
Essy Risa Perangin-angin ◽  
Dian Sunarwati ◽  
Wulan Dwi Safitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Tensile Strenght

Telah dilakukan karakterisasi uji kekuatan tarik (tensile strength) film plastik biodegradable dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan penguat zink oksida dan gliserol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan tarik film plastik biodegradable yang dihasilkan dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan variasi ZnO dan gliserol (a) 0 %  ZnO dan 50% gliserol; (b) 2% ZnO dan 25% gliserol; (c) 9% ZnO dan 25% gliserol; (d) 3% ZnO dan 50 % gliserol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis sifat mekanik dan uji kekuatan tarik film plastik menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kuat tarik pada film plastik biodegradable dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi gliserol dan ZnO. Kuat tarik maksimal yang didapat dari penelitian yaitu 12,642 MPa dengan komposisi gliserol 25% dan ZnO 9%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak penambahan komposisi gliserol dan ZnO maka kuat tarik plasik akan semakin baik. Kata kunci : biodegradable film, kuat tarik, tandan kosong kelapa sawit

Effect of Natural Weathering on Tensile Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Soya Spent Powder Blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
M.A. Nuradibah ◽  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Santiagoo Ragunathan ◽  
H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Internal Mixer

The effect of natural weathering on tensile properties of low density polyethylene/ thermoplastic soya spent powder (TSSP) was studied. TSSP was produced by mixing the soya spent powder (SSP) with glycerol. Both blends were prepared by using internal mixer (brabender) at 150 °C with the SSP/TSSP content ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. Then, all the dumb-bell samples were exposed to Perlis environment located at Kubang Gajah, Perlis for 6 months period. The tensile properties were tested by using a universal testing machine (UTM) according to ASTM D638. LDPE/SSP blends presented lower strength and elongation at break (Eb) than LDPE/ TSSP blends meanwhile there were no Young’s Modulus values for 20 wt% onwards of both blends due to the brittle samples after 6 months of weathering.

scholarly journals Retention of Metal Crowns Luted to Implant Abutments of Two Different Diameters using Different Luting Agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Jay Dipak Matani ◽  
Natasha Parulekar ◽  
Mohit Kheur ◽  
Shantanu Jambhekar ◽  
MK Supriya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Luting Agents ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Luting Agent ◽  
Implant Abutments ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Polymeric Implant

ABSTRACT Purpose The desirable properties of a luting agent used for implant prostheses are adequate tensile strength for retention and at the same time render the crowns to be retrievable. No studies have reported a comparison of the retention of implant crowns luted with zinc phosphate and polymeric cements. Studying the retentive abilities of these cements utilizing varying sizes of implant abutments may provide new insights into their clinical behaviors. Aim To compare the retentive abilities of two luting agents, using them to lute crowns on implant abutments of different diameters. Materials and methods Two implants (3.7 and 6.0 mm diameter) were embedded in a resin block. Straight abutments of corresponding diameters were screwed into the implants. The height of abutments was kept equal for both abutments (8 mm). Seven copings were fabricated for each abutment. Groups 1 and 2 copings (14 copings) were tested for both luting agents; zinc phosphate and polymeric cement using a universal testing machine. Results For the abutment diameters tested, the retentive values of zinc phosphate was significantly greater than polymeric implant cement. For the broad abutment, zinc phosphate was significantly more retentive than polymeric implant cement. For the narrow abutment, retentive values of zinc phosphate and polymeric implant cement were almost similar. Conclusion The retentive values of zinc phosphate were significantly greater than polymeric implant cement. For broad abutment, zinc phosphate was more retentive whereas for narrow abutment, retentive values were almost similar. How to cite this article Matani JD, Parulekar N, Kheur M, Jambhekar S, Supriya MK. Retention of Metal Crowns Luted to Implant Abutments of Two Different Diameters using Different Luting Agents. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3):96-100.

scholarly journals Retention of provisional crowns cemented with eight temporary cements: comparative study

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ribeiro de Moraes Rego ◽  
Luiz Carlos Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Strength Test ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crown Preparation

Many temporary cements are commercially available; therefore, it is necessary to indicate them for each clinical requirement with regard to the tensile strength of prosthetic retainers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the retention of provisional crowns cemented with eight temporary cements, over full crown preparations with standardized mechanical principles as height, taper, and length. For that purpose, eighty human first premolars received full crown preparation with standardized height and taper. Provisional crowns were fabricated and luted with eight brands of temporary cements. Twenty four hours after cementation, the restorations were submitted to tensile strength test in a universal testing machine and the data submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Mean tensile strength values ranged from 20.1N for Nogenol cement to 67.5N for Hydro C cement. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between Hydro C and the other groups, except for Temp Bond and Rely X Temp, which presented statistically significant difference when compared to Freegenol and Nogenol temporary cements. The crowns cemented with Hydro C cement were more retentive that than those cemented with the other cements, except for Rely X Temp and Temp Bond. The less retentive crowns were those cemented with Nogenol and Freegenol temporary cements.

Design of Fixture for Measuring Tensile Properties of Walnut Shell

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1438-1441
Author(s):  
Li Liang ◽  
Yu Ming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Suture Line ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing

Measuring the tensile strength at the suture line of walnut shell is difficult by general fixtures. In this paper, a particular fixture was designed for measuring the tensile properties of the whole walnut shell based on the Pro/E software. The rigidities of main parts were checked by theory of mechanics combined with ANSYS. The results show that all the deformations were within the permissible scope, that is to say, this design is reasonable. Besides, four adjusting levers are designed to meet the size requirements of vary walnuts whose diameter is from 28mm to 40mm. Meanwhile, it can be conveniently located on the electronic universal testing machine.

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Wheat Husk Pulp Rein Forced Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Kanwal Jit Singh ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Ramratan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Husk

The wheat husk pulp epoxy resin composites were prepared by compression Molding Method and their physical and Mechanical Properties were studied by universal testing Machine. The composites were tested by tensile strength testing and impact strength tester. The content of Wheat husk pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. Composites have been fabricated using hand layup technique using a suitable mold developed in industry. All the sample have been tested in Universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength it is observed that composite with 35% wheat husk pulp is having highest tensile strength of 4mm (4.29MPa) and 8mm (6.31Mpa). The impact strength of Composite with 35% wheat husk pulp was highest than 35%to 45% wheat husk pulp.

Tensile Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Rambutan Peels (Nephelium chryseum Blum.) Flour Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
A. Ainatun Nadhirah ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
C.H. Voon ◽  
S.S. Samera
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer

Polyethylene (PE) has found well-known use as a packaging material. The effect of rambutan peels flour (RPF) content on the tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene filled with rambutan peel flour was studied. RPF was melt blended with linear low–density polyethylene (LLDPE). LLDPE/RPF blends were prepared by using internal mixer (brabender) at 160 °C with the flour content ranged from 0 to 15 wt%. The tensile properties were tested by using a universal testing machine (UTM) according to ASTM D638. The tensile strength of LLDPE/RPF decreased gradually with the addition of rambutan peels flour content from 0% to 15%. The Young’s modulus of LLDPE/RPF increased with increasing the RPF size and content.

scholarly journals Pengaruh penambahan aluminium oksida terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panasThe effect of addition of aluminium oxide on the tensile and compressive strength of a heat-polymerised acrylic resin denture base

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Actara Rahmadita ◽  
Dwi Tjahyaning Putranti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing

Pendahuluan: Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas (RAPP) merupakan bahan basis gigi tiruan yang paling banyak digunakan, namun memiliki sifat kekuatan tarik dan tekan yang rendah, sehingga diperlukan modifikasi dengan penambahan bahan penguat pada RAPP berupa aluminium oksida (Al2O3) atau alumina. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisi pengaruh penambahan aluminium oksida pada bahan basis gigi tiruan RAPP terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekan. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratoris. Sebanyak 25 sampel berbentuk flat dumbbell shaped berukuran 60x12x3,9 (mm) untuk uji kekuatan tarik dan 25 sampel  berbentuk balok dengan ukuran 10x10x4 (mm) untuk uji kekuatan tekan. Pencampuran bubuk resin-aluminium oksida konsentasi 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dengan cairan resin dilakukan secara manual. Sampel direndam dalam air dan dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator. Uji dilakukan menggunakan universal testing machine dengan beban 1000N dan kecepatan crosshead 1mm/menit. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji LSD. Hasil: Nilai kekuatan tarik kelompok kontrol dan keempat kelompok perlakuan penambahan aluminium oksida 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5 %, 3,5% berturut turut adalah 50,867 MPa, 47,895 MPa, 45,107 MPa, 42,476 MPa, dan 39,753 MPa; sedangkan nilai kekuatan tekan kelompok kontrol dan keempat kelompok perlakuan penambahan aluminium oksida 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5%, 3,5% berturut turut adalah 88,267 MPa, 106,085 MPa, 122,283 MPa, 135,367 MPa, dan 156,571 MPa. Penambahan bubuk aluminium oksida pada RAPP dapat menurunkan kekuatan tarik dan meningkatkan kekuatan tekan secara signifikan (p=0,0001 (p<0,05)), seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah konsentrasi aluminium oksida yang ditambahkan. Simpulan: Penambahan aluminium oksida pada bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekan.Kata kunci: Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas, aluminium oksida, kekuatan tarik, kekuatan tekan. ABSTRACT            Introduction: Heat-polymerised acrylic resin (HPAR) is the most widely used denture base material but has a low tensile and compressive strength thus modification is needed by adding reinforcement in the form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or alumina. The research objective was to analyse the effect of adding aluminium oxide on the tensile and compressive strength of HPAR denture base material. Methods: An experimental laboratory research was conducted towards the total of 25 samples in the form of flat dumbbell shape sized 60 x 12 x 3.9 mm for the tensile strength test, and 25 samples in the form of blocks with the size of 10 x 10 x 4 mm for the compressive strength test. The mixture of powdered aluminium oxide resin with the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% with a liquid resin was carried out manually. The sample was then immersed in the water and put in an incubator. The test was performed using a universal testing machine with 1000 N loads and 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. Data obtained were analysed using the one-way ANOVA and LSD test. Result: The tensile strength values of the control group and all four treatment groups added with 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% aluminum oxide were 50.867 MPa, 47.895 MPa, 45.107 MPa, 42.4476 MPa and 39.753 MPa respectively, while the compressive strength values were 88.267 MPa, 106.085, 122.283 MPa, 135.367 MPa, and 156.571 MPa consecutively. Addition of aluminium oxide powder to the HPAR can significantly reduce the tensile and compressive strength (p = 0.0001 (p < 0.05)) along with increasing concentration. Conclusion: Addition of aluminium oxide towards the HPAR denture base affected its tensile and compressive strength.Keywords: Heat-polymerised acrylic resin, aluminium oxide, tensile strength, compressive strength.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF ENDODONTIC SEALERS TO DENTIN AND GUTTA PERCHA - AN IN-VITRO STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar Eswara Babu Danda ◽  
Lakshman Kumar CH ◽  
Afroz Kalmee Syed ◽  
Dasarathi A ◽  
Haranath Danda
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Bond Strength ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Endodontic Sealers

Introduction: The root canal therapy is done with the intention to seal it off from any fluid leaks, thus enhancing the longevity of the therapy. The seal between the obturating material and the dentinal walls of the root surface is done by the endodontic sealer. The sealer is designed in such a way that it has to mould itself with the curves and follow the shapes of the root dentinal wall. Aims: To compare in-vitro the tensile bond strength of four different endodontic sealers to root dentin and Gutterpercha. Methods: Thirty six single ‑ rooted canine and premolar teeth with total apical formation were selected. Working length was determined after the crown portion was cut. BMP was done. Teeth were grouped as Group Ⅰ: MTA‑ based sealer, Group Ⅱ: Bioceramic Sealer, Group Ⅲ: Calcium based sealer, Group Ⅳ: Epoxy resin based (AH Plus sealer). Sealers were manipulated according to the manufacturer protocol. Obtuartion was done using 4% gutta ‑ percha. Later tensile strength test was done on the root slices of 2 mm thickness using universal testing machine. 6 mm in diameter Aluminum cylinders, were stabilized on the gutta–percha with small amounts of wax and were filled with one of the sealers. After setting each sealer, the drops of wax were removed and the tensile bond strengths of all the samples were measured using universal testing machine. The data was analysed using Tukey tests and ANOVA. Results: Among the 4 groups highest bond strength was found in Group Ⅱ (BioRootTMRCS) (P < 0.05) and the least was Group Ⅰ (MTA Fill apex). Conclusion: Bioceramic sealer’s tensile bond strength was highest followed by AH26, Sealapex and MTA‑ based sealer. Keywords: Bond strength; BioRoot TMRCS Sealer; MTA Fill apex; AH Plus Sealer, Sealapex, tensile strength.

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