ANALISA HASIL UJI KEKUATAN TARIK, TEKAN & STRUKTUR MAKRO SAMPAH PLASTIK JENIS PET, HDPE, DAN CAMPURAN (PET+HDPE)

Plastik is a material which has difficult to decompose. Therefore, the utilization of waste into useful material is important to do. This study aims to identify the tensile strength, bending, and macro structure of recycled PET, HDPE, and PET + HDPE plastik waste mixtures and recommendations for plastik products that fit the characteristics of these plastik types. PET and HDPE plastik waste is melted with oil and reprinted into tensile and bending test samples in accordance with predetermined variations, and then the results of the fracture are analyzed in a macro structure. Based on tensile testing, the tensile strength test results have the highest stress and strain values obtained in the mixture of 40% + HDPE 60% (B2) used oil specimens of 10.58 MPa and strain values of 11.98%. The results of bending strength testing which has the highest bending stress value and maximum load value are obtained in plastik mixture specimens with 30% used oil mixture + 70% HDPE (B1) of 11.58 MPa and for maximum load values of 43.33 KN. Testing the tensile strength and bending strength of the type of plastik mixture Oil and HDPE + PET (50%: 50%), the results obtained can still not be recommended to be used as a paving block product because the value of stress, strain, bending stress, and the maximum load is still relatively low, namely for the tensile test the highest variation of stress value is 5.21 MPa, the highest variation of strain value is 5.23%, the maximum load value is 10 KN, and the highest variation of bending stress value is 40% + 60% by 4.01 MPa.

SIFAT TARIK DAN SIFAT LENTUR PADA BODY MOTOR KOMPOSIT LAMINA DENGAN PERLAKUAN ALKALI

Composite is a combination of two or more materials that have different mechanical propertiesand characteristics. One of the reinforcement materials or reinforcement that is widely used is naturalmaterials. One of Indonesia's natural materials and a very large source of bamboo is widely used inbuilding construction as an alternative to wood because it has high flexibility and strength. To balancethe strength of bamboo with high tensile strength while low flexural strength, a solution is needed tomaximize the strength of bamboo by combining it with a bamboo composite system. In this study, bamboothat has been processed into woven sheets manually with plain weave type is then given a certain amountof epoxy resin and then a Tensile Strength Test is carried out using ASTM D3039 / D3039M and aflexural test using ASTM D7264 / 7264M to obtain maximum composite and flexural strength. After thetest was carried out, it was continued by observing the microstructure of the specimen using SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). The results showed the tensile test value with a value of 50 Mpacompared to the ABS tensile strength value of 53 Mpa, the Modulus of Elasticity with a value of 0.38 GPacompared to the ABS modulus of elasticity of 0.41 Gpa. The results of the flexural test obtained flexuralstrength with a value of 47.06 Mpa compared to the value of ABS flexural strength of 49.6 Mpa, flexuralmodulus with a value of 0.52 Gpa compared to the value of ABS flexural modulus of 0.55 Gpa.

Experimental Investigation on Waste Utilization of Steel Fiber and SCBA in Concrete with Partially Replacement of Cement

In the present study the effect of Suarcane bagasse ash and steel Fiber on the strength of concrete is investigated. The addition of bagasse ash not only helps in reducing pollution but also leads to sustainable development of the country. From the literature it has been observed that bagasse ash significantly increases the strength of concrete and it can be used as a partial replacement of cement in the concrete. In these trial examination work concrete cubes, cylinders and beams of M-25 grade were casted and tested to inspect different properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength test. The test results shows that Sugarcane Bagasse Ash can be utilized for partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight of cement without any major loss in strength. Keywords: Steel fibres, Cement and Compressive Strength, GGBS, Fly Ash, SFRC, Cement, , Split Tensile Strength

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Using Bottom Ash & Manufacturing Sand with Addition of Silica Fume in Concrete

Sand is the major material used in construction all over the world. Nowadays sand is highly demand for the construction. The main purpose of this project is to investigate the effect of bottom ash in concrete and hence improving the strength and durability of concrete. So the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of use of coal bottom ash & msand as partial replacement of fine aggregates. Percentages {M-Sand (50%), bottom ash (5%, 10% , 15% , 20%) , silica fume(2% were added) for 25% of bottom ash}. on concrete properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength test. The results of specimens with and without bottom ash, Manufacturing sand, silica fume were compared. The strength of concrete was increased upto 15% replacement of bottom ash instead of fine aggregate and the 25% replacement of bottom ash with 2% of silica fume increased the strength of concrete. Keywords: Bottom ash, silica fume, manufacturing sand

The Effect of Using White Sand As Material High Quality Concrete Mix

The use of concrete in Indonesia cannot be separated from skyscrapers, bridges with long spans, and underground buildings which generally have a larger load, so the use of high-strength concrete is necessary. This study aims to determine the value of compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity of concrete and determine the workability of fresh concrete with the addition of 0.8% superplaticizer. The test objects used in the form of cylinders with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm as many as 15 pieces, and 3 pieces of blocks measuring 15 cm × 15 cm × 60 cm. From the results of the study, the compressive strength value was 43,007 MPa. The split tensile strength test is 3.584 MPa. The flexural strength test is 4,340 MPa. The elastic modulus test is 28447.956 MPa. From the slump test on fresh concrete with the addition of a superplaticizer, it is obtained by 10 cm.

Strength of Concrete using Clay as a Partial Replacement of Binder Content with and Without Lime

Materials are the most important component of building construction. The demands of construction material are increasing day by day significantly. This demand is increasing the material prices and scarcity of material in construction industry. To achieve economical and eco-friendly criteria naturally occurring material is selected. Clay is a natural material and it can be available easily. This paper interprets the experimental investigation on strength of concrete using clay as a partial replacement to binder content (cement) in concrete. The replacement percentages are grouped as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of clay and 5% of hydrated lime with cement in each series in M25 grade of concrete. To achieve the pozzolanic property of clay hydrated lime was added. Different tests are performed to determine the optimum percentage of clay as a replacement for binder content (cement) in concrete. The Compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were performed on the specimens. Total 90 cubes of size 150 mm were prepared for compressive strength test, 30 cylinders of 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were prepared for split tensile strength test and 30 beams of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 1000 mm were prepared to carry out the flexural strength test. The results are compared to find the ideal proportion of clay as a replacement for cement. It is found that 10% replacement with 5% hydrated lime gives satisfactory results.

Optimization of the Vulcanization Formula of Pneumatic Rubber Fender (PRF) to Increase Resistance to the Aging Process

One rubber products, pneumatic rubber fender (PRF), is fully imported, where the raw material is made primarily by synthetic rubber. PRF products have been used in the transport sector as the impact protection of ports and ships. In this study, the mixture between natural and synthetic rubber conducted to determine the  optimum formula of mixing rubber for  the product PRF. Then the PRF-product was subjected to Aging Resistance Test (ART). Physical and mechanical properties of the PRF were analyzed by tensile strength test, elongation at break test, tear resistance test, hardness test, and also some samples of the product of mixing were observed by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formula used in this study is the ratio of single-NR-100%; combinations of NR-70% and CR-30%; combinations of NR-30% and CR-70%; and the CR-100%. The results showed that the optimum mix formula for the PRF product is NR-70%: CR-30%.

SCARF JOINTS IN GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER OF PARICÁ

Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM) is manufactured by joining wood lamellae glued in parallel to each other. GLULAM with larger longitudinal dimensions can be obtained by gluing the tops of two wood lamellae. The gluing of the tops can be done using wedge-shaped scarf joints. However, the joints produce a discontinuity in the wood, being areas considered as susceptible to rupture. In this way, the objectives were to evaluate four slopes (1:6; 1:8; 1:10 and 1:12) in scarf joints of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum timber for use with structural purposes; and glued laminated timber beams – GLULAM manufactured with the scarf joint with the best performance by the modulus of elasticity – MOE (theoretical and analytical MOE values). Each laminated timber used to produce the test specimens was classified by visual inspection that aimed at the absence of defects, such as knots. The test specimens were adapted to the four-point static bending test and to the tensile strength test in parallel to the grain direction, in accordance to the NBR 7190 (1997). The slope of 1:12 showed the best results, while the slope of 1:6 presented the lowest results when compared with the control. The beams of 5 x 9.5 x 220 cm, composed of joints with slopes of 1:12, showed MOE values statistically equal to those of beams without joints. The scarf joint proved to be an alternative for use in glulam beams of paricá, as it presents stiffness and strength comparable with those of beams without a joint.

Study of the use of kaolin waste as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in the production of concrete for pavers

The study of the use of kaolin waste has scientific and socio-environmental value by providing an appropriate destination, reducing the demand and consequent problems arising from its extraction, considering that the construction industry is a consumer of a significant amount of raw material. Thus, the study aims to replace the fine aggregate by kaolin waste in the proportions of 10%, 20% and 30%, verifying its feasibility for interlocking sidewalk pieces. The kaolin waste was used with and without fine material, and physical characterization tests of the materials were performed, and then the concrete pieces were subjected to tests of resistance to simple compression, water absorption and resistance to abrasion, as prescribed by ABNT NBR 9781:2013, and flexural tensile strength test, according to ABNT NBR 12142:2010. According to the results and analyzing the compressive strength at 28 days, the mixtures with replacement of 10% of fine aggregate by kaolin waste reached strengths greater than 35 MPa, an acceptable normative parameter, both for the waste with fines and without fines, making its use feasible.