scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antitubercular Activity of Novel Benzothiazole- Aryl Amine Derivatives Tethered through Acetamide Functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763
Author(s):  
Farhana Hakim ◽  
S. Roshan Salfidoer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Mycobacterial Strain ◽  
Mic Value

A novel series of substituted benzothiazole-N-phenyl acetamides were synthesized through a feasible scheme and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral methods. All the synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against two, Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis; four, Gram-negative strains: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia; and antitubercular activity against mycobacterial strain: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among the 15 compounds (6a-o) tested, three compounds 6e, 6l and 6m have demonstrated high potency with MIC values ranges from 6.25-12.5 μg/mL against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Compounds 6e and 6l displayed remarkable antitubercular activity with MIC value of 25 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Predictors of bacteremia among Children with Bloodstream Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Nazir Chaki ◽  
Levina Msuya ◽  
Deborah Mchaile ◽  
Michael Johnson Mahande ◽  
Ronald Mwitalemi Mbwasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Bloodstream infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in Sub-Saharan countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteremia, etiological agents’ antibiotic susceptibility pattern and predictors of bacteremia among children with bloodstream Infection.Methodology: This hospital-based cross-section study involved children aged two months to thirteen years. All children meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled. All consenting parents were interviewed via a questionnaire to collect data, followed by a thorough physical assessment and venipuncture was done to collect blood samples. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Among 242 study participants, 154(63.6%) were male and blood cultures were positive in 37(15.3%). Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria constituted 32(80%) and 8(20%), respectively. The frequent pathogen found was Staphylococcus aureus 25(62.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 4(10%), Escherichia coli 4(10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(7.5%), Streptococcus pyogenes 3(7.5%) and 1(2.5%) Klebsiella pneumonia. The majority of bacterial isolates showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the study area. Predictors of bacteremia were severe malnutrition, hydrocephalus, hyperglycemia, lethargy and BSI with no foci of infection. Conclusion: Prevalence of bacteremia was 15.3%. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent than gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the prevalent isolates causing BSI. Effective antibiotics for both gram-negative & gram-positive organisms are imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam followed by amikacin; vancomycin & clindamycin for gram-positive organisms. To curb the growing antimicrobial resistance that we see in this and other studies, continuous antimicrobial stewardship is necessary, else we risk failing to treat BSI.

scholarly journals Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Obstinate Biofilm Producers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govinda Maharjan ◽  
Priyatam Khadka ◽  
Gomik Siddhi Shilpakar ◽  
Ganesh Chapagain ◽  
Guna Raj Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Background. Biofilms, or colonies of uropathogen growing on the surface of indwelling medical devices, can inflict obstinate or recurring infection, thought-provoking antimicrobial therapy.Methods. This prospective analysis included 105 urine samples from catheterized patients receiving intensive care. Ensuing phenotypic identification, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines; MDR isolates were identified according to the combined guidelines of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Biofilm-forming uropathogens were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method.Results. The predominant uropathogen in catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) wasEscherichia coli57%, followed byKlebsiella pneumonia15%,Pseudomonas aeruginosa12%,Staphylococcus aureus8%,Enterobacterspp. 3%,Enterococcus faecalis,Acinetobacterspp., andProteus mirabilis1.5%, of which 46% isolates were biofilm producers. Prime biofilm producers wereEscherichia coli33%, followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae30%,Pseudomonas aeruginosa20%,Staphylococcus aureus10%,Acinetobacter, andEnterobacter3.33%. Multidrug resistance associated with biofilm producers were greater than biofilm nonproducers. The Gram-negative biofilm producers found 96.15%, 80.76%, 73.07%, 53.84%, 53.84%, 46.15%, 19.23%, and 11.5% resistant to amoxyclave, ceftazidime, tetracycline, gentamicin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, amikacin, imipenem, and fosfomycin, respectively. Gram-positive biofilm producers, however, were found 100% resistant to tetracycline, cloxacillin, and amoxyclave: 66.67% resistant to ampicillin while 33.33% resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin.Conclusion. High antimicrobial resistance was observed in biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. Of recommended antimicrobial therapies for CAUTIs, ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the least active antibiotics, whereas piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem were found as the most effectual for gram-negative biofilm producer. Likewise, amoxicillin-clavulanate and tetracycline were the least active antibiotics, whereas vancomycin, fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem were found as the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm producer. In the limelight, the activity fosfomycin was commendable against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilm producers.

scholarly journals Etiology of bloodstream infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashubha Bhandari ◽  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Nabeen Dulal
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a signifi cant cause of morbidity and mortality. In Nepal, very few studies on BSIs have restricted the understanding of their cause, prevention and treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate BSIs causing pathogens and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients visiting Kathmandu ModelHospital during December 2012 to May 2013.Materials and Methods: Standard laboratory procedure was used to screen, isolate and identify the bacteria from 1,205 patients. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern (AST) was analyzed by modifi ed Kirby Bauer technique and data were analyzed using SPSS version-16.Results: Out of 1,205 blood samples, 186 (15.4 %) were culture positive. The most common bacteria isolated were: Salmonella spp., Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and CoNS. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causes of BSIs. Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 71 % cases of bloodstream infection followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A in 16 %, Escherichia coli in 5.3 % and Klebsiella pneumonia in 0.5 %. The gram-positive organism responsible for causing BSI was coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 7 % cases. There was no significant association between bacteremia and gender of the patients. During ASTs, Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol with only 0.5 % resistivity. Salmonella Typhi (85.6 % of isolates) showed resistance to Nalidixic acid. Gram-positive bacteria showed 100 % sensitivity towards Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin and were least sensitive to Amoxicillin.Conclusion: Salmonella spp., was major cause of BSIs. Increase in antibiotic resistivity for BSI causing pathogens has necessitated continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of organisms towards antibiotics.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 71-75

scholarly journals Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi L and Plum extracts and investigation on the synergistic bioactivity using in vitro models

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Selvaraj Vennila ◽  
Preeti Singh ◽  
Jayasingh Anita Lett ◽  
Mohd Rafie Johan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Test Cultures

Abstract The bacterial communities (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) form the biofilms which oppose the mode of action of antibiotics and affecting the immune system of the human. These chronic infections related to biofilm are always hard to be cured because of their inherent resistance to both antimicrobial agents and host defense. The present study is devoted to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf and Plum fruit (Prunus bokharensis) and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi. Here, AgNPs) were successfully prepared by green synthesis method obtained by the reduction of silver nitrate into silver ions. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDAX and DLS analysis. The antimicrobial effects of the two extract were evaluated by the disk diffusion method. The green synthesized AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. They were also analyzed for their significant antibacterial activities against all the test cultures exposed whereas Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi topped among other test cultures. The anti-proliferative activity of phytochemical mediated synthesis of Ag NPs was investigated for their cytotoxicity in Vero and Human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell lines (HEp-2) based on their viability using MTT assay. The present study also represents the synergistic bioactivity of silver nanoparticles using in vitro models.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of Garcinia Gummi-Gutta and Gymnema Sylvestre- A Plant of Ethano Medicinal Importance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 722-725
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dried Fruit

Antibiotic defiance in bacterial is a satisfactory obstacle in the latest world. Day-to-day novel dopes are being intact to defeat this drawback. The goal of this is trained used to be to check antimicrobial resistance of the Garcinia gummi-gutta and Gymnema Sylvestre. The dried fruit of G. Gummi-gutta and G.Sylvestre crops are located in a southern state of India. The extract of dried fruit of G. Gummi-gutta and G.Sylvestre leaf was once ready through using specific solvent of Ethyl Acetate. These ready extracts have been used for evaluation of antibacterial ability in opposition to three Gram-positive bacterial stains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two gram-negative bacterial stains (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial ability was appraised by Disc diffusion assay of G. Gummi-gutta and G.Sylvestre. The zone of inhibition used to be determined at the concentration of (500µg/ml) in G.Gummi-gutta Streptococcus& Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14mm), Staphylococcus aureus& Salmonella typhi (9mm), Escherichia coli (8mm). The zone of inhibition was once determined at the concentration of (500µg/ml) in G.Sylvestre.The Streptococcus(11mm), Staphylococcus aureus& Escherichia coli (9mm), Salmonella typhi(10mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8mm) respectively. Due to the fact, the extract confirmed a wide spectrum of the antimicrobial undertaking of each Gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates. Comparative reports of the G. Gummi-gutta and G.Sylvestre.The nice one among G.Sylvestre. Can be utilized as a bio preservative or therapeutic agent to prevent a few illnesses.The dried leaves of G.Sylvestre would characterize a novel antimicrobial obtain with steady, adoptive energetic compounds that may prove a scientific base for the consumer in recent treatment.

scholarly journals Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Giovanni Parente ◽  
Tommaso Gargano ◽  
Stefania Pavia ◽  
Chiara Cordola ◽  
Marzia Vastano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Schiff Bases of Indole-3-aldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kamaria ◽  
N. Kawathekar ◽  
Prerna Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of Schiff bases of indole-3-aldehyde were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis by takingDMFas solvent and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized byIR,1HNMRand mass spectral analysis. All compounds were tested against five gram positive and five gram negative bacterial strains and one fungal strain. All compounds exhibited better activity against gram positive strains than against gram negative strains and the compounds were found more active againstS.aureusandB.subtilis.

scholarly journals Emergence of Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in 2019

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
SM Ali Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a rapidly emerging global threatgenerated a sense of public alarm. Objective: To combat this challenge a study was designedto evaluate the fast spreading infections by colistin-resistant pathogens in the tertiary care rural hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: To study isolation ofpathogenic gram-negative bacilli,clinical sample (n-640) of hospitalized patients of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital in Enayetpur, Bangladesh during the 1st quarter of the year 2019 were used. The bacterial isolates were screened for meropenem and colistin-resistance. Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were studied which included Escherichia coli (n-112), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n-14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n-27), and Salmonella typhi (n-3). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 32/156(20%) and 119/156 (76%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and colistin, respectively. whereas 50/156 (32%) isolates were resistant to both antibiotics. Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi isolates respectivelywere 112/156 (72%), 14/156 (9%). 27/156 (17%), and 3/156 (2%). Conclusion: Colistin is typically used as salvage therapy, or last-line treatment, for MDR gramnegative infections.But there is worrisome therapeutic scenario in our study finding of colistin resistance is 76% in Gram-negative bacteria of the clinical isolates. The restricted and rational use of colistin drug is the need of hour. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 87-90

scholarly journals A New Prenylated Flavanoid with Antibacterial Activity from Propolis Collected in Egypt

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf El-Bassuony ◽  
Sameh AbouZid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

A novel prenylated flavanoid, isonymphaeol-D (1), together with two known compounds, isonymphaeol-B (2) and nymphaeol-B (3), were isolated from Egyptian propolis. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by various spectroscopic methods. 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative strains (Serratia sp., Pseudomonos sp., Escherichia coli).

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