scholarly journals Difference of hemaglutinins between wild-type and vaccine measles virus in Indonesia

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Made Setiawan ◽  
Agus Sjahrurachman ◽  
Fera Ibrahim ◽  
Agus Suwandono
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Aminoacid Sequence ◽  
H Protein

Background Hemaglutinin (H) protein of measles virus is veryimportant in the process of host cell infection. H protein is alsoable to induce specific antibodies which can neutralize measlesvirus and block the cell infection.Objective This study aimed to explore the nucleotide and aminoacid sequence differences between wild-type measles virus (G2,G3 and D9) with CAM-70, Schwarz and Edmonston-wt vaccinevirus.Methods The exctration and amplification of the gene wereconducted in the laboratory using biomolecular technology. Thegene and protein analysis were conducted using the bioinformatictechnology.Results The results showed that the differences in nucleotidesequences were highest between wild-type virus and CAM-70vaccine virus (76-77 nucleotides), followed by Schwarz (61-64nucleotides) and Edmonston (60-63 nucleotides). The differencesin amino acid sequences were highest between wild-type virusand CAM-70 (24-29 residues), followed by Schwarz (13-20residues) and Edmonston (12-19 residues).Conclusion The Indonesian wild-type measles virus was geneticallycloser to Schwarz vaccine virus than CAM-70 vaccine virus,hence the neutralizing antibodies generated by Schwarz vaccinewere more specific against Indonesian wild-type virus comparedto CAM-70 vaccine.

scholarly journals Antigenic differences between wildtype measles viruses and vaccine viruses in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Made Setiawan ◽  
Agus Sjahrurachman ◽  
Fera Ibrahim ◽  
Agus Suwandono
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Examination Technique ◽  
Cross Neutralization

Background Measles virus has a single, negative strand RNAgenome which codes 6 structural proteins: N, F, P M, H and L.Currently there are several variances in the nucleotide sequencesof N, F, M and H genes across wild type measles viruses, hencemeasles viruses can be categorized into clades and genotypes. Theantigenicity of the previous genotype of measles is different fromthe current genotype.Objective To determine the antigenic differences between wildtype measles virus and measles vaccine virus.Methods Analysis of the antigenic differences between wild typevirus (G2, G3 and D9) and vaccine virus (CAM-70 and Schwarz)was performed by immunizing mice with the respective viruses.The serum was then tested with micro-cross-neutralizationtechnique using the G2, G3, D9 and CAM-70 virus. Tests withcross ELISA examination technique were also performed usingthe same set of virus.Results Analysis of the cross neutralization test and cross ELISAshowed that the highest antigenicity reaction was found betweenwild type virus with antibody against wild type virus, while thelowest reaction was between wild type virus with antibody againstCAM-70.Conclusions We conclude that the antigenicity of antigenic proteinfrom wild type virus is higher than antigenicity of vaccine virusprotein. In addition, it was found that the antigenicity of proteinsfrom Schwarz vaccine virus was higher than proteins CAM-70vaccine virus.

scholarly journals Differences of antigenic profiles on immunoblotting of wild type measles virus and vaccine virus in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Made Setiawan ◽  
Agus Sjahrurachman ◽  
Fera Lbrahim ◽  
Agus Suwandono
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Very High

Background Measles virus has a negative, single strand RNAgenome which codes for six important structural proteins. Thegenes of the wild type measles virus have many variances hencethe nucleotide sequences of each wild type virus and vaccine virusare different. This differences lead to the antigenic differencesbetween wild type and vaccine virus.Objective The purpose of this research is to investigate thedifferences in the antigenic profiles on immunoblotting betweenwild type and vaccine virus.Results The analysis results are 1) the antigen ofCAM-70 vaccinevirus was less able in cross reacting with the antibodies from G2,G3, 09, CAM-70 and Schwarz; 2) The antibody aga inst CAM-70 was only able to cross react with antigens of N protein and afew of antigens ofF proteins; 3) The wild type virus were veryimmunogenic, hence the antibody titers were very high; 4) TheCAM-70 and MMR vaccine virus were less immunogenic, hencetheir antibody were very low; 5) The antibody responses thatalways occurred from all immunized mice serum were antibodyfor N and F proteins. However, the antibody against CAM-70vaccine virus was still able to react with wild type virus (G2, G3and 09).Conclusion All antigen-antibody reaction on immunoblottingresulted in different profiles especially between wild type virusand CAM-70 vaccine virus. Although CAM-70 vaccine virusshowed clear differences compared to G2, G3 and 09 genotypes,antibodies against CAM-70 were still able to cross react withantigens from other genotypes (G2, G3 and D9).

scholarly journals Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies of COVID-19 Patients Tested Using Clinical D614G, B.1.1.7 and B 1.351 Isolates in Microneutralization Assays

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Jenni Virtanen ◽  
Ruut Uusitalo ◽  
Essi M. Korhonen ◽  
Kirsi Aaltonen ◽  
Teemu Smura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kinetics Of

Increasing evidence suggests that some newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) resist neutralization by antibodies elicited by the early-pandemic wild-type virus. We applied neutralization tests to paired recoveree sera (n = 38) using clinical isolates representing the first wave (D614G), VoC1, and VoC2 lineages (B.1.1.7 and B 1.351). Neutralizing antibodies inhibited contemporary and VoC1 lineages, whereas inhibition of VoC2 was reduced 8-fold, with 50% of sera failing to show neutralization. These results provide evidence for the increased potential of VoC2 to reinfect previously SARS-CoV-infected individuals. The kinetics of NAbs in different patients showed similar decline against all variants, with generally low initial anti-B.1.351 responses becoming undetectable, but with anti-B.1.1.7 NAbs remaining detectable (>20) for months after acute infection.

scholarly journals Cytokine Imbalance after Measles Virus Infection Has No Correlation with Immune Suppression

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (14) ◽  
pp. 7244-7251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Carsillo ◽  
Kay Klapproth ◽  
Stefan Niewiesk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Th2 Response

ABSTRACT Measles virus infection leads to immune suppression. A potential mechanism is the reduction of interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion during acute measles, resulting in a TH2 response. Studies in humans have reported conflicting results, detecting either a TH2 or a TH1 response. We have investigated the correlation between a TH2 response and immune suppression in specific-pathogen-free inbred cotton rats which were infected with measles vaccine and wild-type viruses. After infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages with wild-type virus, IL-12 secretion was reduced in contrast to the level for vaccine virus infection. In bronchoalveolar lavage cells, IL-12 secretion was suppressed after infection with both wild-type and vaccine virus on days 2, 4, and 6 and was detectable on days 8 and 10. After stimulation of mediastinal lymph node and spleen cells with UV-inactivated measles virus at various time points after infection, gamma interferon but no IL-4 was found. After stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin, high gamma interferon and low IL-4 levels were detected. To investigate whether the secretion of IL-4 contributes to immune suppression, a recombinant vaccine virus was created which secretes cotton rat IL-4. After infection with this recombinant virus, IL-4 secretion was enhanced. However, neither inhibition of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells nor keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific proliferation of spleen cells was altered after infection with the recombinant virus in comparison to the levels with the parental virus. Our data indicate that measles virus infection leads to a decrease in IL-12 secretion and an increase in IL-4 secretion, but this does not seem to correlate with immune suppression.

scholarly journals Antibody Escape Kinetics of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Infection of Horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 6945-6951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa J. Schwartz ◽  
Seema Nanda ◽  
Robert H. Mealey
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Virus Fitness

Lentivirus escape from neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is not well understood. In this work, we quantified antibody escape of a lentivirus, using antibody escape data from horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. We calculated antibody blocking rates of wild-type virus, fitness costs of mutant virus, and growth rates of both viruses. These quantitative kinetic estimates of antibody escape are important for understanding lentiviral control by antibody neutralization and in developing NAb-eliciting vaccine strategies.

scholarly journals Structural Basis for Accommodation of Emerging B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 Variants by Two Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Cerutti ◽  
Micah Rapp ◽  
Yicheng Guo ◽  
Fabiana Bahna ◽  
Jude Bimela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Distinct Mechanism ◽  
The Uk

SummaryEmerging SARS-CoV-2 strains, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, from the UK and South Africa, respectively show decreased neutralization by monoclonal antibodies and convalescent or vaccinee sera raised against the original wild-type virus, and are thus of clinical concern. However, the neutralization potency of two antibodies, 1-57 and 2-7, which target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike, was unaffected by these emerging strains. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of 1-57 and 2-7 in complex with spike, revealing each of these antibodies to utilize a distinct mechanism to bypass or accommodate RBD mutations. Notably, each antibody represented a response with recognition distinct from those of frequent antibody classes. Moreover, many epitope residues recognized by 1-57 and 2-7 were outside hotspots of evolutionary pressure for both ACE2 binding and neutralizing antibody escape. We suggest the therapeutic use of antibodies like 1-57 and 2-7, which target less prevalent epitopes, could ameliorate issues of monoclonal antibody escape.

scholarly journals Attenuation of V- or C-Defective Measles Viruses: Infection Control by the Inflammatory and Interferon Responses of Rhesus Monkeys

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 5359-5367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Devaux ◽  
Gregory Hodge ◽  
Michael B. McChesney ◽  
Roberto Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Adaptive Immune

ABSTRACT Patients recruited in virus-based cancer clinical trials and immunocompromised individuals in need of vaccination would profit from viral strains with defined attenuation mechanisms. We generated measles virus (MV) strains defective for the expression of either the V protein, a modulator of the innate immune response, or the C protein, which has multiple functions. The virulence of these strains was compared with that of the parental wild-type MV in a natural host, Macaca mulatta. Skin rash, viremia, and the strength of the innate and adaptive immune responses were characterized in groups of six animals. Replication of V- or C-protein-defective viruses was short-lived and reached lower levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphatic organs compared to the wild-type virus; none of the mutants reverted to the wild type. The neutralizing antibody titers and MV-specific T-cell responses were equivalent in monkeys infected with the viral strains tested, documenting strong adaptive immune responses. In contrast, the inflammatory response was better controlled by wild-type MV, as revealed by inhibition of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription. The interferon response was also better controlled by the wild-type virus than by the defective viruses. Since V- and C-defective MVs induce strong adaptive immune responses while spreading less efficiently, they may be developed as vaccines for immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, MV unable to interact with single innate immunity proteins may be developed for preferential replication in tumors with specific contexts of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Sorting signals in the measles virus wild-type glycoproteins differently influence virus spread in polarized epithelia and lymphocytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2474-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Runkler ◽  
Erik Dietzel ◽  
Mary Carsillo ◽  
Stefan Niewiesk ◽  
Andrea Maisner
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Sorting Signals ◽  
Polarized Epithelia

The spread of virus infection within an organism is partially dictated by the receptor usage of the virus and can be influenced by sorting signals present in the viral glycoproteins expressed in infected cells. In previous studies, we have shown that the haemagglutinin (H) and fusion protein (F) of the measles virus (MV) vaccine strain MVEdm harbour tyrosine-dependent sorting signals which influence virus spread in both lymphocytes and epithelial cells to a similar degree. In contrast with the vaccine strain, MV wild-type virus does not use CD46 but CD150/SLAM and a not clearly identified molecule on epithelial cells as receptors. To determine differences in viral spread between vaccine and wild-type virus, we generated recombinant MV expressing glycoproteins of both the wild-type strain WTFb and the corresponding tyrosine mutants. In contrast with observations based on vaccine virus glycoproteins, mutations in wild-type virus H and F differently influenced cell-to-cell fusion and replication in polarized epithelia and lymphocytes. For wild-type H, our data suggest a key role of the cytoplasmic tyrosine signal for virus dissemination in vivo. It seems to be important for efficient virus spread between lymphocytes, while the tyrosine signal in the F protein gains importance in epithelial cells as both signals have to be intact to allow efficient spread of infection within epithelia.

scholarly journals Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern protects mice from challenge with wild-type virus

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. e3001384
Author(s):  
Fatima Amanat ◽  
Shirin Strohmeier ◽  
Philip Meade ◽  
Nicholas Dambrauskas ◽  
Barbara Mühlemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Vaccines against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been highly efficient in protecting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the emergence of viral variants that are more transmissible and, in some cases, escape from neutralizing antibody responses has raised concerns. Here, we evaluated recombinant protein spike antigens derived from wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and from variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 for their immunogenicity and protective effect in vivo against challenge with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in the mouse model. All proteins induced high neutralizing antibodies against the respective viruses but also induced high cross-neutralizing antibody responses. The decline in neutralizing titers between variants was moderate, with B.1.1.7-vaccinated animals having a maximum fold reduction of 4.8 against B.1.351 virus. P.1 induced the most cross-reactive antibody responses but was also the least immunogenic in terms of homologous neutralization titers. However, all antigens protected from challenge with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model.

scholarly journals Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Haveri ◽  
Nina Ekström ◽  
Anna Solastie ◽  
Camilla Virta ◽  
Pamela Österlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding for how long antibodies persist following Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provides important insight into estimating the duration of immunity induced by infection. We assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection six and twelve months after diagnosis in 367 individuals of whom 13% had severe disease requiring hospitalization. We determined the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb). We also measured the NAb titers among a smaller subset of participants (n=78) against a wild-type virus (B.1) and three variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2). We found that NAb against the wild-type virus and S-IgG persisted in 89% and 97% of subjects for at least twelve months after infection, respectively. IgG and NAb levels were higher after severe infection. NAb titers were significantly lower against variants compared to the wild-type virus.

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