THE FIRST AND SECOND FORTRESSES OF OMSK: RESEARCH AND PRESERVATION POSSIBILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 378-386
Author(s):  
KORUSENKO M. ◽  
◽  
GERASIMOV Yu. ◽  
ZDOR M. ◽  
ZAGORODNIKOVA D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Archival Record ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City ◽  
Center Research

The present article summarizes research related to demarcating the first and second Omsk fortresses. Fortifications of these landmarks have long been destroyed, the cultural layer only and partially complexes of buildings of the late 18th - first half of the 19th centuries have been preserved, but they are at risk in connection with active modern urban development. Active archaeological research during the last ten years has yielded an expanded informational database and new evidence illuminating the use of the territory in antiquity and providing insight on the cultural layer of the fortresses. The authors of the present paper have ascertained and precised on the city map the borders of both sites, using stratigraphic research, historical cartography, and archival record. The conclusion provides insight on the main problems of conservation of the researched objects of cultural significance, and on perspectives of their museum commitment within the current framework of development of the historical center of Omsk. Keywords: Omsk, the first and second Omsk fortresses, archaeological sites, historical center, research, museum

scholarly journals UNFORTIFIED SUBURBS OF OLD CHERNIHIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Sytyi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
City Development ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City

During its development Chernihiv underwent the several stages of formation: first the fortified parts was emerged, then the unfortified suburbs around them have appeared, which gradually grew in size and new defence lines were built. The process of urban growth has certain peculiarities and periods of its development. The events of 1239 became the boundary for the processes of city development. In this pёaper we will have a look at the directions of city growth on the territory of suburbs and beyond the fortifications of the city at the beginning of the 13th century. To a large extent, the understanding of Chernihiv suburbs depended on the time of revealing the sections of the cultural layer, their dating and location relative to the previously revealed sections of the suburb. The materials of archaeological research on the outskirts of Chernihiv are analyzed in the paper. The fortifications formed at the beginning of the 13th century covered 350 hectares of territory. According to the results of excavations the cultural layer of Kyiv Rus time was revealed outside the fortifications of Chernihiv. There are several sections of the cultural layer in the Desna River floodplain which should be considered as the traces of lower city development but not as separate rural settlements. Prior to the appearance of the fortifications, suburbs on the terrace of Desna were formed to the north, east and west of the fortifications of the surrounding city. Outside the suburbs, some items, cultural layer areas and numerous settlements were discovered. The paper makes an attempt to analyze the identified materials and to determine the boundaries of unfortified suburbs of Chernihiv. New research of the lower city of Chernihiv increased its area from 50 hectares (in 1984) to over 100 hectares (in 2019). In the middle of the 13th century Chernihiv occupied the area of more than 450 ha in total.

De Zijpe en de Zuiderzee

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Guus J. Borger
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coastal Barrier ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The Zijpe and the Zuiderzee Dutch geologists and archaeologists disagree about the time the Flevo-lakes in the Wet Heart of the Netherlands were connected with the western part of the Waddenzee. Geologists hold the strong view that this connection originated in the centuries bc. Archaeological research revealed, however, that the pre-urban development of the city of Amsterdam did not start until the last quarter of the 12th century ad. This urban development has been considered as an indication that the shipping route between the mouth of the river Amstel and the Waddenzee had improved shortly before. Therefore, archaeologists are convinced that the improvement of this shipping route was forced by the All Saint’s flood of 1170. To the west of Schagen, the sea is considered to have broken up the coastal barrier which led to the development of the Zuiderzee. Because of the etymological relation between the names Flevo and Vlie, the Flevo-lakes must have been already connected with the Waddenzee in the Roman period. Near Medemblik, however, the water did not become brackish before the 8th century ad and more to the south not earlier than the 9th century. Therefore, drainage must have been the main function of the connection between the Flevo-lakes and the Waddenzee for centuries. From historical documents it is known that somewhere around Stavoren a large amount of land was lost to the sea in 1170. Together with the swift development of Amsterdam it is likely that the Zuiderzee came into being after 1170. A breakthrough of the coastal barrier to the west of Schagen at that time, however, is unlikely. In 1170 there was some damage in the northern part of the province of Holland caused by a storm surge, but the loss of land was limited due to the building of several dikes.

scholarly journals Collection of Horseshoes from the Excavations of the Historical Center of Tara

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Tataurov
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Technological Method ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Purpose. The basis of the research is the collection of horseshoes accumulated over the course of archaeological research of the historical center of the city of Tara in the Omsk region between 2007–2019. Currently, the collection contains 50 items. It is the largest collection among the studied Russian cities of Siberia. The aim of the study is to determine the level of development of certain technologies, transport and military affairs among the population on the basis of this category of items – from their manufacture to maintenance. The emergence of horseshoes became a step in the development of the economy, as it significantly increased the efficiency of the use of horses – the main driving force before the emergence of mechanical engines. Results. The collection items obtained over the course of archaeological research in Russian Siberian cities allow us to study the process of distribution of these devices in this region and the development of technical maintenance of horseshoe horses – production and replacement of horseshoes. The Tara collection, together with the context of their location, made it possible to study the ‘life’ of these items in detail – from manufacture to wear-breakage and their replacement. The main result of the study was the understanding of the need for constant ‘technical’ maintenance of putting horseshoes on horses, which was very significant in the military and economic aspect of the Russian Siberian city in the 17th – early 20th centuries. Conclusion. Study of appearance and distribution of such a technological method as putting horseshoes on horses in Russian Siberian cities allows to show the development of metalworking technologies and the appearance of innovations in other sectors of the economy – construction, trade, and so on.

Chrono- and archaeostratigraphy and development of the River Amstel: results of the North/South underground line excavations, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kranendonk ◽  
S.J. Kluiving ◽  
S.R. Troelstra
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Underground System ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The City

AbstractSince 2003 extensive archaeological research has been conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, connected with the initial phase of the new underground system (Noord/Zuidlijn). Research has mainly focused on two locations, Damrak and Rokin, in the centre of Medieval Amsterdam. Both sites are situated around the (former) River Amstel, which is of vital importance for the origin and development of the city of Amsterdam. Information on the Holocene evolution of the river, however, is relatively sparse. This project has provided new evidence combining archaeological and geological data, and allowed the reconstruction of six consecutive landscape phases associated with the development of the River Amstel. The course of the present-day Amstel is the result of a complex interaction of processes that started with an early prehistoric tidal gully within the Wormer Member of the Naaldwijk Formation, including Late Neolithic (2400–2000 BC) occupation debris in its fill that was subsequently eroded. Next, this system developed into a later prehistoric Amstel river course that was part of the Angstel–Vecht–Oer-IJ system (1020–350 BC), meandering through a peat-dominated landscape. Later on the processes included intensive reclamation of land, drainage and canalisation, although the Amstel was also strongly influenced by natural storm tides. After intense land reclamation, starting around 1200 AD, the meandering Amstel from Nes to Kalverstraat, which was originally 150 m wide, became the rather straight 20–50 m wide tamed, canalised river of today.

scholarly journals Archaeological Research in the Seltpennoe Settlement 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (38) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Evgeniy M. Pigarev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The article discusses the results of archaeological research in 2019-2020, conducted on the territory of the village of Selitpennoe in the Astrakhan Region, which overlaps the cultural layer of the Selitrennoe settlement. The characteristic of excavations and pits with the most expressive finds is given. The distribution of archaeological material and numismatic finds in chronological and topographical aspects is analyzed. Two previously unknown urban necropolises and a pottery workshop discovered in the course of research are localized. The dynamics of changes in the area of the medieval city in the 14th -15th centuries is presented. The analysis of the coin case shows the predominance of coins of the 1330s-1350s and the products of the Sarai al-Jedid mint. It is proved by archaeological methods that there is no cultural layer of the 13th century under the modern village. As a result of the materials obtained, the Selitrennoe settlement is identified by the author with the capital of the Ulus of Jochi, the city of Saray al-Jedid.

Excavations at Winchester 1962–63: Second Interim Report

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The City

One result of the excavations in Winchester in 1961 was the formation in 1962 of the Winchester Excavations Committee. The city is at present passing through a period of intensive rebuilding and development which offers many opportunities for archaeological research. Moreover, the 1961 excavations had directed attention to the problems of Winchester's Saxon minsters and the Dean and Chapter were willing to allow excavation near the cathedral. With these opportunities in view, the committee was formed to undertake excavations, both in advance of building projects, and on sites not so threatened, aimed at studying the development of Winchester as a town from its earliest origins to the establishment of the modern city. The centre of interest is the city itself, not any one period of its past, nor any one part of its remains. But we can hope that this approach will in particular throw light upon the end of the Roman city and on the establishment and development of the Saxon town, problems as vital to our understanding of urban development in this country, as they are difficult to solve. Further, it is essential to this approach that the study and interpretation of the documentary evidence should go hand in hand with archaeological research, for the existence of documentary materials greatly enhances the possibilities of interpretation inherent in the archaeological results, and vice versa.

Urban Development Strategies of City Centers: The Case of Rafah City, Palestinian Territories

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Omar S. Asfour ◽  
Samar Abu Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
City Center ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The City ◽  
Commercial Center

City centers worldwide are perceived as essential parts of the city, where city memories are preserved and its identity is expressed. They are planned to satisfy the functional requirements and pleasurable qualities of the city. Under the accelerating urbanization of the modern city, several challenges face these centers including demographic, economic, and environmental challenges. This requires a continuous and incremental urban development process based on clear strategy and action plans. Thus, this study focuses on urban development strategies of city centers, with a focus on Rafah city located in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territories. The geographic location of this city near the Palestinian-Egyptian borders makes it a promising commercial city at local and regional levels. Thus, the current situation of Rafah city center has been analyzed, and several development strategies have been proposed. This has been done through a field survey based on observation and a questionnaire directed to city center users. It has been found that there is a great potential of Rafah city center to be developed as a commercial center. In this regard, several strategies and required actions have been proposed in the fields of transportation, environmental quality, shopping activities, investment opportunities, and visual perception.

Optimal Land Use Analysis Using Lindenmayer Grammars

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Urszula Żukowska ◽  
Grażyna Kalewska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
L System ◽  
L Systems ◽  
The City

In today's world, when it is so important to use every piece of land for a particular purpose, both economically and ecologically, identifying optimal land use is a key issue. For this reason, an analysis of the optimal land use in a section of the city of Olsztyn, using the L-system Urban Development computer program, was chosen as the aim of this paper. The program uses the theories of L-systems and the cartographic method to obtain results in the form of sequences of productions or maps. For this reason, the first chapters outline both theories, i.e. the cartographic method to identify optimal land use and Lindenmayer grammars (called L-systems). An analysis based on a fragment of the map of Olsztyn was then carried out. Two functions were selected for the analysis: agricultural and forest-industrial. The results are presented as maps and sequences in individual steps.

Smart Urban Profiling And Management – New Insights For Enhancing Innovative And Sustainable City Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Rebecca Oberreiter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Management Model ◽  
City Management ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
City Development ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
The City

Rapidly changing framework conditions for city development such as globalization, demographic trends, deindustrialization, technological developments or the increasing urbanization as well as the economic, social and political changes are profound and change our urban life. This leads, that the cities of tomorrow will differ essentially from today´s city principles. Therefore innovative, strategically wise and quick action becomes a criterion for success. Here, more than ever, local conditions and requirements must be taken into account as well as global framework conditions. The responsible parties have to set the course so that the “City” remains competitive and sustainable in the future. Therefore, innovation processes and sustainable strategies for dealing with the diverse and complex agendas of a city in dialogue with those who are responsible for it must be initiated and management systems established so that new things can develop continuously and systematically. This work illustrates how the boundaries created to manage and market future liveable and sustainable city destinations are the root of the practical and academic problems that trouble city management these days.  This paper aims to develop the new integrated Smart Urban Profiling and Management model, which presents a new integrated approach for city marketing as an instrument of sustainable urban development. In this way, comprehensive research was conducted to evaluate if the holistic city marketing concept that integrates elements of smart city strategies and adaptive management is a more suitable instrument and integrative process than conventional city marketing in order to improve the sustainable urban development. Therefore, in this work, the designed “Smart Urban Profiling and Management model” for city management introduces an alternative and holistic perspective that allows transcending past boundaries and thus getting closer to the real complexities of managing city development in dynamic systems. The results offer the opportunity to recognize the city and consequently allow to developing successful strategies and implementation measures. This study targets to contribute to this endeavor in order to produce new impulses and incitements in the city management field and shall provide a fresh impetus for a new understanding of city marketing as the initiator of development processes, mobilization and moderator in concerning communication and participation processes. This paper is written from a perspective addressing those responsible for the city- management, city- & urban marketing and development.

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