scholarly journals Morphology, Topography and Clinical Significance of Primary Nutrient Foramina in Tibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 999-1002
Author(s):  
Suja R.S. ◽  
Mini Alikunju ◽  
Aswathy Maria Oommen ◽  
Sreekumar R ◽  
Sheena Kalyani Sukumaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramina are seen in the shaft of long bones. They vary in number, size and their position on the surface of bones. It transmits the nutrient artery which is the main source of blood supply to the long bones. We intend to study the location, number, type and direction of primary nutrient foramina (PNF) on the shaft of tibia. METHODS The descriptive study was done using 120 tibiae (right-66, left-54) from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Length of each bone and distance of the nutrient foramen from the upper end of tibia was measured using osteometric board. The location of the primary nutrient foramina on the surface of tibia, the direction of the nutrient canal and the presence of secondary nutrient foramina were noted. RESULTS Single primary nutrient foramina were located on the posterior surface of 113 tibiae. 4 tibiae showed PNF and secondary nutrient foramina (SNF). No nutrient foramina were observed in 3 tibiae. CONCLUSIONS The precise knowledge and topography of PNF of tibia will help orthopaedic surgeons in minimising damage to vasculature of tibia during various surgical procedures. KEY WORDS Tibia, Nutrient Foramen, Nutrient Artery

scholarly journals Morphometric study of nutrient foramen of tibia in Jharkhand population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Kushwaha ◽  
Rajiv Ranjan ◽  
Makardhawaj Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

Background: Nutrient foramen gives passage to the nutrient vessels which supply major portion of the bone even bone marrow. Many vascular foramina are present in all bones for the passage of blood vessels. In long bones many small vascular foramina are present at the ends through which epiphyseal and metaphyseal blood vessels passes. In the shaft of long bones one or two larger foramina are present through which nutrient vessels passes. Nutrient artery provides 70% to 80% blood supply of long bones in children and if blood supply is decreased, it may lead to ischemia of bone resulting into less vascularisation of metaphysis and growth plate. Thus precise topographical knowledge of nutrient foramen is necessary for the surgeons to save the nutrient vessels during surgical procedures i.e. fracture fixation, bone grafting etc. Damage to the nutrient artery causes avascular necrosis of bone.Methods: Total 70 dry bones of tibia were taken in the study, without knowledge of sex of the bone. Position, number and direction of the nutrient foramen were noted.Results: single nutrient foramina present in 91.43% of cases and double in 6% of cases. 97.14 % nutrient foramina are directed downward and 2.86% directed upward. 90% nutrient foramina present on posterior surface, 1.42% on lateral surface and 8.57% on lateral border. 75% of nutrient foramina present in upper 1/3 and 25% in middle 1/3. Primary nutrient foramina (>24 G) present in 89.47% and secondary nutrient foramina (<24 G) present in 10.53% of cases.Conclusions: A sound knowledge of nutrient foramen topography, prevent the injuries of vasculature of bone during surgeries.

scholarly journals DIAPHYSEAL NUTRIENT FORAMINA OF ADULT HUMAN TIBIA - ITS POSITIONAL ANATOMY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS. Foramen nutricio diafisario de la tibia humana adulta – Su anatomía posicional y las implicancias clínicas

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Swati Gandhi ◽  
Rajan K Singla ◽  
Rajesh K Suri ◽  
Vandana Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Tibial Shaft ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

El conocimiento del número y posición de los forámenes nutricios en los huesos largos es importante en los procedimientos ortopédicos, tales como la terapia de reemplazo de articulaciones, reparación de fracturas, injertos de hueso y micro-cirugía de hueso vascularizado. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el departamento de Anatomía, Colegio Médico Gubernamental de Amritsar. El estudio comprendió 100 tibias de humanos adultos obtenidas de 50 cadáveres masculinos y 50 femeninos. Todos los huesos del presente estudio presentaban el foramen nutricio situado en el tercio superior del eje y se dirigían hacia abajo. En la mayoría de los huesos, se encuentró lateral a la línea vertical en la superficie posterior de la diáfisis tibial. Las distancias medias de foramen nutricio de los extremos superior e inferior de la tibia eran mayores en los hombres en ambos lados. Además, estas mediciones mostraron valores más altos en los huesos de la mitad derecha. El conocimiento preciso de la ubicación de la forámenes nutricios en los huesos largos es útil en la prevención de las lesiones intra-operatorias en cirugía ortopédica, así como en cirugía plástica y reconstructiva y también es relevante en la práctica médico-legal. An understanding of the number and position of nutrient foramina in long bones is important in orthopedic procedures such as joint replacement therapy, fracture repair, bone grafts and vascularized bone microsurgery. The present study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College Amritsar. The study group comprised of 100 adult human tibiae obtained from 50 male and 50 female cadavers. All the bones of the present study depicted single nutrient foramen situated in the upper one third of the shaft and were directed downwards. In majority of the bones, it was located lateral to the vertical line on the posterior surface of tibial shaft. The mean distances of nutrient foramen from the upper and lower ends of tibia were found to be greater in males on both the sides. Also, these measurements showed higher values in the right sided bones.Precise knowledge of the location of the nutrient foramina in long bones is helpful in preventing intra-operative injuries in orthopedic as well as in plastic and reconstructive surgery and is also relevant in medicolegal practice.

scholarly journals Anatomical study of nutrient foramen in lower limb dry long bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Samyog Mahat ◽  
Shamsher Shrestha ◽  
Prabhakar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Linea Aspera ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Gain Access

Background: Nutrient artery gain access through nutrient foramen and provide vascular supply to bone. Number, size and location of nutrient foramen has significant medical as well as surgical importance. Any insult to nutrient artery during surgical procedure or during trauma may lead to devascualarization or poor prognosis.Methods: The present study consist of 50 femurs, 50 tibia and 50 fibula, collected from department of anatomy, BPKIHS. Mean length of bone, number, position and size and foraminal index of nutrient foramen was observed and recorded accordingly.Results: In femur 62% bone shows single nutrient foramen. Nutrient foramen was commonly located in medial lip of linea aspera and in upper third of bone which was noted in 80% of bone. In tibia 82% of total bone shows single foramen with absent of foramen in 6% bone. Foramen was commonly located above the soleal line and middle third of bone which was noted in 56% of bone. In fibula 6% of total bone shows absent of nutrient foramen and majority of bone shows single nutrient foramen (82%). Foramen was commonly located in lower part of posterior surface (60%) and in middle third of bone.Conclusions: This study provides details topographic knowledge about nutrient foramen which is important clinically for proper planning of surgery and its outcome.

scholarly journals Study of Nutrient Foramina in Human Typical Long Bones of Lower Limb

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 077-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Parmar ◽  
Pankaj Maheria ◽  
Kanan Shah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula. Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae. Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a single source of blood supply. The majority of the femur (50%) and few fibulae (5%) had a double nutrient foramen. The mean foraminal index for the lower limb bones was 40.5% for the left and 38.2% for the right side of the femur, 31.69% for the left and 32.3% for the right side of the tibia, and 32.7% for the left and 31.7% for the right side of the fibula. Conclusion The present study provides information on the number, size, position, and direction of nutrient foramina of the femur, tibia, and fibula bones.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Upper Limb Long Bones

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
M. Sharma ◽  
R. Prashar ◽  
T. Sharma ◽  
A. Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Active Growth Period

The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Diaphyseal Tibial Nutrient Foramen in Goan Population - A Morphometric Study with Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria a De Souza ◽  
Siddhesh Prakash Prabhu ◽  
Jai Krishnan D
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Posterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Almost All

BACKGROUND Tibia is the weight bearing bone of the leg. Usually it has a single nutrient foramen located posteriorly near the soleal line and transmits a branch of posterior tibial artery. The nutrient artery is the principal source of supply to a long bone. We carried out this study to find out the number, size, location, position and direction of the diaphyseal nutrient foramen in dried human tibia in Goan population. METHODS The study was carried out on 66 unpaired dry human tibiae of unknown age, gender and without deformity in the Department of Anatomy, Goa Medical College, using sliding and digital Vernier callipers, 20- and 24-gauge needles. Hughes formula was used to compute foraminal index. The data was statistically analysed with SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Most of the tibia in our study had a single nutrient foramen. Majority of the nutrient foramina were medium sized and directed downwards in our study. In 81.42 % tibiae, the nutrient foramina were present in the upper 1 / 3 rd of the shaft and in 18.57 % in the middle 1 / 3 rd of the shaft of the bone. Almost all nutrient foramina in the upper 1 / 3 rd of posterior surface were situated lateral to the soleal line. We computed the mean foraminal index as 30.25 % with standard deviation of 6.14. CONCLUSIONS A proper knowledge of morphometry and topography of the nutrient foramen is of utmost importance to orthopaedic surgeons as the nutrient artery may get damaged if fracture line passes through the nutrient canal. Also, it will help the surgeon to conserve vascular supply while performing bone grafting and fracture reduction. KEYWORDS Nutrient Foramen, Morphometry, Foraminal Index, Soleal Line

scholarly journals A Study on Variations of Nutrient Foramen of Humerus in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, and Its Clinical Relevance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 1772-1776
Author(s):  
Govula Subramanyam ◽  
Kategari Chittinarasamma ◽  
Chaluvadi Jayamma ◽  
Somasekhar R.
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Zone Ii

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramen of humerus is an opening in the shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels for medullary cavity. Major source of blood supply to long bone is the nutrient artery. Knowledge regarding nutrient foramen is important for orthopaedic surgeons while doing any procedure on humerus like bone grafting, plating and also plays an important role in fracture healing. We wanted to determine the location, number, and direction of nutrient foramen of humerus. METHODS The observational study was conducted on 72 adult humeri (36 of right side and 36 of left side) collected from Department of Anatomy, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh from 15th September to 31st October 2020. Each humerus was observed for location, number, and direction of nutrient foramen in relation with surface, border andzone. RESULTS In the present study it has been observed that 61 % of humeri had a single foramen, 31 % had two foramina and 8 % had 3 foramina. Majority of nutrient foramina (54.95 %) were present on antero-medial surface, 12.08 % on anterolateral surface, 12.08 % on posterior surface, 19.78 % on medial border, and 1.09 % on lateral border. It was also concluded that most (94.50 %) of the foramina were present in the zone II followed by zone III (3.30 %) then by zone I (2.19 %). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of number and location of the nutrient foramina in humerus will be helpful in preventing intra-operative injury of nutrient artery during orthopaedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery; and will also be relevant in medico legal practice. KEY WORDS Nutrient Foramen, Humerus, Nutrient Artery, Foraminal Index, Clinical Implications

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrient Foramen in Adult Dry Human Femur

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (41) ◽  
pp. 3566-3570
Author(s):  
Sukriye Deniz Mutluay ◽  
Ahmet Kursad Acıkgoz ◽  
Memduha Gulhal Bozkır
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Bone Transplantation ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Words Femur

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramen is a large opening that transfers the arteries that supply the bone to the bone cavity. During surgical procedures, it is very important to have precise and complete information about the location of the foramina to determine whether the fracture line passes close to the nutrient foramina. The purpose of this study was to determine the number and position of the femoral nutrient foramina together with morphometric measurements. METHODS A total of 93 dry adult femurs with unknown sexes were examined in this study. The direction, location and the total number of nutrient foramina of the femur were investigated by using an anthropometer (Lafayette instrument, Indiana). Also, foraminal index was calculated. RESULTS The analysis revealed that 28 (53.8 %) of the femurs with a single nutrient foramen were on the right side and 22 (53.7 %) were on the left side, respectively. Femurs with double nutrient foramina were 23 (44.2 %) and 18 (43.9 %) on right and left sides, respectively. Femurs with triple nutrient foramina were 1(1.9 %) and 1 (2.4 %) on right and left sides, respectively. The foraminal index of femurs was found as (41, 58 %) and (42, 23 %) on the right and left sides, respectively. The nutrient foramen was mostly 84 (90.3 %) located at the middle third of the femur. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide information and details about nutrient foramen which have clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation. KEY WORDS Femur, Foraminal Index, Nutrient Artery, Nutrient Foramina

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Nutrient Foramina in Dry Human Clavicles in Central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2099-2103
Author(s):  
Harsha Atul Keche ◽  
Preeti Prabhakar Thute ◽  
Darshna Gulabrao Fulmali ◽  
Atul Shankarrao Keche
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Ligament Repair ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Thoracoacromial Artery ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Fixation Devices

BACKGROUND The clavicle or collar bone is a modified long bone. It is the first bone to ossify in the membrane. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove. The nutrient artery is derived from the supraclavicular or clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery. A bone is supplied by a nutrient artery which passes through the small tunnel called as nutrient foramina. In orthopaedic procedures to preserve the circulation, the topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important. The study was undertaken to analyse nutrient foramina in adult human clavicles in relation to their number, position, direction, and distribution over bone length. METHODS Our study consisted of 67 adult dry human clavicles (31 right sides and 36 left sides). The number, topography and direction of the foramina were studied. The distance of foramina from the sternal end & total length of the clavicles were measured in millimetres by using digital Vernier calipers. The foramen index was calculated by applying the Hughes formula: FI = (DNF TL) x 100. RESULTS Nutrient foramina were present in all the clavicles. Most of the clavicles have single nutrient foramen. We observed 62 (68.13 %) foramina on the posterior surface mostly in the middle 1 / 3rd region. All the nutrient foramina were directed towards acromial end and the foramina index (FI) was 50.2. CONCLUSIONS The topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important in orthopaedic procedures like nail plating, K wire fixation, reduction, internal fixation devices for the treatment of fracture, coracoclavicular ligament repair and in free vascularized bone graft to preserve the circulation. KEY WORDS Clavicle, Nutrient Foramina, Nutrient Artery, Foramina Index (FI)

scholarly journals Study Of Nutrient Foramina In Adult Human Femur Bones

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Gupta ◽  
M. N. Ambekar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

 Background: The role of nutrient foramen (NF) in nutrition and growth of the bones is evident from term Nutrient itself. The nutrient foramen is opening of nutrient canal on the surface of shaft of the bone which conducts the nutrient artery and the peripheral nerves to bones. Long bones receive most of the interosseous blood supply (70% to 80%) from the nutrient arteries and remaning (20% to 30%) through the periosteal vessels. Nutrient arteries play an important role in nutrition and growth of the bones particularly during early phases of ossification and growth. The present study is of great importance to orthopedic surgeons in planning repair of fracture, amputation and bone grafting procedures.Aim and objective of study: A study regarding nutrient foramina in femur was not conducted in the past in Nepal. Its importance in orthopedic procedures has inspired us to undertake this study.Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 100 adult dry femur bones (50 right and 50 left). All the important parameters were studied using osteometric board, vernier calipers, and needles of different gauges.Results: Mean distance of nutrient foramen from upper end was 18.09 cms. The most common location of NF was on lateral surface 58.8%. In 71% femur only one NF was seen, while 25% had two NF, 1% femur had three NF and 3% femur had no NFs. In 64.5% femur big size or dominant NFs were seen in present study.Conclusions: The findings of this study on nutrient foramen adds to the information from studies in the past by other authors. The fact that maximum number of the nutrient foramina are present in the middle third of the shaft of the femur is of clinical importance for proper diagnosis, planning of surgery and predict the prognosis. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 44-49

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