scholarly journals A Study on Variations of Nutrient Foramen of Humerus in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, and Its Clinical Relevance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 1772-1776
Author(s):  
Govula Subramanyam ◽  
Kategari Chittinarasamma ◽  
Chaluvadi Jayamma ◽  
Somasekhar R.
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Zone Ii

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramen of humerus is an opening in the shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels for medullary cavity. Major source of blood supply to long bone is the nutrient artery. Knowledge regarding nutrient foramen is important for orthopaedic surgeons while doing any procedure on humerus like bone grafting, plating and also plays an important role in fracture healing. We wanted to determine the location, number, and direction of nutrient foramen of humerus. METHODS The observational study was conducted on 72 adult humeri (36 of right side and 36 of left side) collected from Department of Anatomy, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh from 15th September to 31st October 2020. Each humerus was observed for location, number, and direction of nutrient foramen in relation with surface, border andzone. RESULTS In the present study it has been observed that 61 % of humeri had a single foramen, 31 % had two foramina and 8 % had 3 foramina. Majority of nutrient foramina (54.95 %) were present on antero-medial surface, 12.08 % on anterolateral surface, 12.08 % on posterior surface, 19.78 % on medial border, and 1.09 % on lateral border. It was also concluded that most (94.50 %) of the foramina were present in the zone II followed by zone III (3.30 %) then by zone I (2.19 %). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of number and location of the nutrient foramina in humerus will be helpful in preventing intra-operative injury of nutrient artery during orthopaedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery; and will also be relevant in medico legal practice. KEY WORDS Nutrient Foramen, Humerus, Nutrient Artery, Foraminal Index, Clinical Implications

scholarly journals Diaphyseal Tibial Nutrient Foramen in Goan Population - A Morphometric Study with Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria a De Souza ◽  
Siddhesh Prakash Prabhu ◽  
Jai Krishnan D
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Posterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Almost All

BACKGROUND Tibia is the weight bearing bone of the leg. Usually it has a single nutrient foramen located posteriorly near the soleal line and transmits a branch of posterior tibial artery. The nutrient artery is the principal source of supply to a long bone. We carried out this study to find out the number, size, location, position and direction of the diaphyseal nutrient foramen in dried human tibia in Goan population. METHODS The study was carried out on 66 unpaired dry human tibiae of unknown age, gender and without deformity in the Department of Anatomy, Goa Medical College, using sliding and digital Vernier callipers, 20- and 24-gauge needles. Hughes formula was used to compute foraminal index. The data was statistically analysed with SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Most of the tibia in our study had a single nutrient foramen. Majority of the nutrient foramina were medium sized and directed downwards in our study. In 81.42 % tibiae, the nutrient foramina were present in the upper 1 / 3 rd of the shaft and in 18.57 % in the middle 1 / 3 rd of the shaft of the bone. Almost all nutrient foramina in the upper 1 / 3 rd of posterior surface were situated lateral to the soleal line. We computed the mean foraminal index as 30.25 % with standard deviation of 6.14. CONCLUSIONS A proper knowledge of morphometry and topography of the nutrient foramen is of utmost importance to orthopaedic surgeons as the nutrient artery may get damaged if fracture line passes through the nutrient canal. Also, it will help the surgeon to conserve vascular supply while performing bone grafting and fracture reduction. KEYWORDS Nutrient Foramen, Morphometry, Foraminal Index, Soleal Line

scholarly journals A Study of Variation of Nutrient Foramen of Dry Adult Humerus

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Abhishek Poudel ◽  
Biswas Satyal
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Union ◽  
Bone Transplantation ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Medial Border ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Fracture Bone ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Vascularized Bone

Introduction: Nutrient artery is the chief artery for the blood supply of the long bone and passes through the nutrient foremen which lie towards the medial border in the anteromedial surface below the midpoint in humerus. During the surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation, the knowledge of nutrient foramen is important. The nutrient artery plays an important role in nonunion and delayed union of fracture bone. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the number, position and direction of the nutrient foramina of humerus. Materials and Methods: 50 humerus, 21 of right and 29 of left side were studied without any pathological disorders. Results: Single nutrient foremen was observed in 80% humerus. Double foramen in 16%. There was no foramen in 4% humerus. It was also concluded that 88% humerus had the nutrient foremen in anteromedial surface. Nutrient foremen were dominant in Zone II with 82%. All foramen were directed towards the lower end of humeri. Conclusion: The presence of single foramen in the zone II was dominant. The nutrient foramina were also dominant in the anteromedial surface of the humerus.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Nutrient Foramina in Dry Human Clavicles in Central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2099-2103
Author(s):  
Harsha Atul Keche ◽  
Preeti Prabhakar Thute ◽  
Darshna Gulabrao Fulmali ◽  
Atul Shankarrao Keche
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Ligament Repair ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Thoracoacromial Artery ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Fixation Devices

BACKGROUND The clavicle or collar bone is a modified long bone. It is the first bone to ossify in the membrane. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove. The nutrient artery is derived from the supraclavicular or clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery. A bone is supplied by a nutrient artery which passes through the small tunnel called as nutrient foramina. In orthopaedic procedures to preserve the circulation, the topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important. The study was undertaken to analyse nutrient foramina in adult human clavicles in relation to their number, position, direction, and distribution over bone length. METHODS Our study consisted of 67 adult dry human clavicles (31 right sides and 36 left sides). The number, topography and direction of the foramina were studied. The distance of foramina from the sternal end & total length of the clavicles were measured in millimetres by using digital Vernier calipers. The foramen index was calculated by applying the Hughes formula: FI = (DNF TL) x 100. RESULTS Nutrient foramina were present in all the clavicles. Most of the clavicles have single nutrient foramen. We observed 62 (68.13 %) foramina on the posterior surface mostly in the middle 1 / 3rd region. All the nutrient foramina were directed towards acromial end and the foramina index (FI) was 50.2. CONCLUSIONS The topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important in orthopaedic procedures like nail plating, K wire fixation, reduction, internal fixation devices for the treatment of fracture, coracoclavicular ligament repair and in free vascularized bone graft to preserve the circulation. KEY WORDS Clavicle, Nutrient Foramina, Nutrient Artery, Foramina Index (FI)

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Upper Limb Long Bones

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
M. Sharma ◽  
R. Prashar ◽  
T. Sharma ◽  
A. Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina ◽  
Active Growth Period

The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Morphology, Topography and Clinical Significance of Primary Nutrient Foramina in Tibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 999-1002
Author(s):  
Suja R.S. ◽  
Mini Alikunju ◽  
Aswathy Maria Oommen ◽  
Sreekumar R ◽  
Sheena Kalyani Sukumaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramina are seen in the shaft of long bones. They vary in number, size and their position on the surface of bones. It transmits the nutrient artery which is the main source of blood supply to the long bones. We intend to study the location, number, type and direction of primary nutrient foramina (PNF) on the shaft of tibia. METHODS The descriptive study was done using 120 tibiae (right-66, left-54) from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Length of each bone and distance of the nutrient foramen from the upper end of tibia was measured using osteometric board. The location of the primary nutrient foramina on the surface of tibia, the direction of the nutrient canal and the presence of secondary nutrient foramina were noted. RESULTS Single primary nutrient foramina were located on the posterior surface of 113 tibiae. 4 tibiae showed PNF and secondary nutrient foramina (SNF). No nutrient foramina were observed in 3 tibiae. CONCLUSIONS The precise knowledge and topography of PNF of tibia will help orthopaedic surgeons in minimising damage to vasculature of tibia during various surgical procedures. KEY WORDS Tibia, Nutrient Foramen, Nutrient Artery

Morphological study of nutrient foramen in adult human clavicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 7886-7889
Author(s):  
Dakshayani K.R ◽  
◽  
Uma Shivanal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

Introduction: The Clavicle is a modified long bone and only long bone which is placed horizontally and subcutaneously at the root of neck. It transmits the weight from upper limb to the axial skeleton. Nutrient foramen is the largest foramen on the long bones through which nutrient artery for the bones passes. The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone, particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus, as well as during the early phase of ossification. The bone has a cylindrical part called the shaft and two ends, lateral and medial. The shaft is divisible into the lateral one-third and the medial two-thirds. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A Nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove running in a lateral direction. Aims & objectives: To note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 100 adult human clavicles of unknown sex and age collected from the department of anatomy, Mysore medical college and research institute, Mysore. Clavicles were examined by direct observation to note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen. A magnifying lens was used to observe the foramina. Results: The study was conducted on 100 adult human clavicles (50 right and 50 left), and we observed the following results: Nutrient foramina were present in 97 clavicles - 49 clavicles (right) and 48 clavicles (left). Single foramina was present in 80 clavicles, 41 clavicles (right) and 39 clavicles (left) Double foramina were present in 17 clavicles, 8 clavicles (right) and 9 clavicles (left). Absence of nutrient foramina were found in 3 clavicles, 1 clavicle (right) and 2 clavicles (left). All foramina were directed towards the acromial end of the clavicle. Conclusion: The knowledge of anatomical variations of nutrient foramina in clavicles are important for surgeons for performing surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularised bone transplantation. KEY WORDS: Clavicle, Nutrient Foramen, Bone Graft.

scholarly journals Morphometrical and Topographical Anatomy of Position of Nutrient Foramen on Fully Ossified Left Femur

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Md Shahajahan Chowdhury ◽  
Humaira Naushaba ◽  
Jahanara Begum ◽  
Shameem Ahmed ◽  
Laila Farjana Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

Background: The femur is the typical long bone of lower limb which extends from the pelvis to the knee. It forms the skeleton of the thigh, bears body weight, supports movement of legs; provide attachment to muscles, form blood cells and acts as a store house for calcium and phosphate. The nutrient foramina are cavities that conduct the nutrient arteries and the peripheral nerves. The majority blood supply for femur originates from the nutrient arteries, mainly during the growing period and during the early phase of ossification. In bone grafts the nutrient blood supply is crucial and it should be preserved in order to promote the fracture healing. Objective: The anatomy of nutrient foramen of femur is very essential for orthopedic & vascular surgeons as well as to radiologists for planning of treatment. Materials and method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2011 to June 2012. The study comprised 199 fully ossified left sided dry femur of both sex (n=89 male, n=110 female). Sampling technique was purposive. Morphometric and topographic study was carried out on all samples by direct physical and photographic methods. Results: The most common position of nutrient foramen on the shaft of femur was found on the middle 1/5th in both male and female femur (50.78% in male and 56.86% in female respectively). Conclusion: The anatomical knowledge about this study might be useful in certain surgical procedures as well as micro vascular bone transfer to preserve the circulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v1i1.14970 Delta Med Col J. Jan 2013;1(1):13-15

scholarly journals Morphometric study of nutrient foramen of tibia in Jharkhand population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Kushwaha ◽  
Rajiv Ranjan ◽  
Makardhawaj Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

Background: Nutrient foramen gives passage to the nutrient vessels which supply major portion of the bone even bone marrow. Many vascular foramina are present in all bones for the passage of blood vessels. In long bones many small vascular foramina are present at the ends through which epiphyseal and metaphyseal blood vessels passes. In the shaft of long bones one or two larger foramina are present through which nutrient vessels passes. Nutrient artery provides 70% to 80% blood supply of long bones in children and if blood supply is decreased, it may lead to ischemia of bone resulting into less vascularisation of metaphysis and growth plate. Thus precise topographical knowledge of nutrient foramen is necessary for the surgeons to save the nutrient vessels during surgical procedures i.e. fracture fixation, bone grafting etc. Damage to the nutrient artery causes avascular necrosis of bone.Methods: Total 70 dry bones of tibia were taken in the study, without knowledge of sex of the bone. Position, number and direction of the nutrient foramen were noted.Results: single nutrient foramina present in 91.43% of cases and double in 6% of cases. 97.14 % nutrient foramina are directed downward and 2.86% directed upward. 90% nutrient foramina present on posterior surface, 1.42% on lateral surface and 8.57% on lateral border. 75% of nutrient foramina present in upper 1/3 and 25% in middle 1/3. Primary nutrient foramina (>24 G) present in 89.47% and secondary nutrient foramina (<24 G) present in 10.53% of cases.Conclusions: A sound knowledge of nutrient foramen topography, prevent the injuries of vasculature of bone during surgeries.

scholarly journals Study of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Chandan Sintakala ◽  
Prabina Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutrient Artery ◽  
The Social ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Left Humerus

Background Nutrient foramen is the gateway for the nutrient artery to provide nutrition in different parts of the bone which play important role in healing during fracture, trauma and also important for bone grafting. The aim the study is to identify the number of nutrient foramen in dry humerus and to observe direction as well as allocation of the nutrient foramen in surfaces and borders. Methods The sample for the study were collected from medical and dental colleges of Nepal in years ranging from 2018 to 2020 AD and the height were measured by the help of using vernier caliper, probe was introduced in nutrient foramen to confirmed its direction. The numbers of nutrient foramen were noted in copy and analyzed the statistics by using software called the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20. Results In the study of 200 sample of humerus from the department of anatomy from different medical and dental college of Nepal includes Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu University School of Medical Science, M.B. kedia Dental College and Lumbini Medical College. Out of 200 sample, 74 were right and 126 were left Humerus of human body. In 143 bone (i.e. 71.5%) a single nutrient foramen is present, in 44 bone (i.e. 22.0%) double nutrient foramen is present and triple nutrient foramen was also observed in 9 bone (i.e. 4.5%)whereas in 4 bone (i.e. 2.0%) no nutrient foramen were noticied. It was also noticed that nutrient foramen in 173, 15 and 3 bones were observed at medial, lateral and posterior border respectively. According to the foraminal index 1(0.5%) bone comes under Zone I, 182(91%) in zone II and zone III consists of 13(6.5%) bone and average foramina index of bone is calculated as 56.18 and the average length of Humerus is calculated as 27cm. Pearson correlation is significant at the 0.05 level which is significant for bone having single, double and triple nutrient foramen. In the study the nutrient foramen of 98.47% (193) Humerus directed downward toward the distal end of bone whereas in 1.53% (3) of bone nutrient foramen is directed vertically downward and no nutrient foramen is directed upward toward the proximal end. Conclusions Most of the nutrient foramen of humerus follows as per rule where as some of the bone with no nutrient foramen were founded and our result support the former researchers too.

scholarly journals Variation of the Nutrient Foramen of Fibula and its Clinical Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Sushma Khatiwada ◽  
Budhi Nath Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Nutrient Foramina

Background: The fibula is a long bone located at the lateral aspect of the leg. Its diaphysis is principally nourished by one or more nutrient arteries entering the shaft through an opening referred to as the nutrient foramen. The present findings on the morphometrics of the foramen may be helpful to forensic experts, radiologists and clinicians for diagnosis and management of various bony conditions. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on fifty dry adult human fibulae collected at the Department of Anatomy, Chitwan Medical College from June to September 2020. Total fibular length along with the number and location of all nutrient foramina present were recorded. Foraminal index of the fibula was calculated as well. Results: The study revealed that the average length of Nepalese fibulae was 34.1 ± 1.9 cm. Eighty-eight percent fibula had a single nutrient foramen, 4 % had two and 8 % had none. The most common location was between the medial crest and posterior border (63%, in fibula with single foramen), followed by the medial crest (30%) and between the medial crest and interosseous border (7%). The average foraminal index was 44.01 ± 7.9 % with a range of 34.9 to 65.7 %. Conclusion: Single nutrient foramen located at the middle third on posterior aspect was the most common finding. Regional data on the number and location of the foramina would be useful to forensic experts and clinicians for various diagnostic and treatment purposes.

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