scholarly journals The playboy milieu in post-socialist Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Zita Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Consumer Habits

By the 1960s, consumer habits focused on the freedom of selfrealisation, independence and the spending of leisure time became solid values in American culture. Values related to sexuality went through dramatic changes and erotics became part of mass culture as magazines designed for men were introduced onto the market. Playboy magazine, the pioneer of a new segment of the printed press, was born in this environment. Read by masses of people, this magazine had a very strong influence on public life in the second half of the twentieth century, and also served as a model for new lifestyle magazines launched onto the gradually expanding publishing market. If we consider the changes taking place in society as being key to its overwhelming success, then the magazine and the set of values represented by it can be subject to scientific investigation. The purpose of this study is to prove the existence of this correlation by comparing the sociological characteristics of two societies situated in different geographic locations at different times.

4. The new mass culture, 1900–1945

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Eric Avila
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
American Culture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Advertising Industry ◽  
Consumer Ethic ◽  
New Consumer

A profound shift was underway in American culture at the turn of the twentieth century—a shift away from the Victorian ideals of the industrial era and toward a new set of values structured by a corporatizing economy. “The new mass culture, 1900–1945” describes how as an overflow of manufactured goods spilled outward from industrial centers, a new consumer ethic, pushed by a burgeoning advertising industry, exhorted men and women to indulge their growing spending power and leisure time. The early twentieth century witnessed the birth of a new mass culture, based on the new technologies of sight and sound. Cinema, advertising, and radio dominated this new cultural landscape.

scholarly journals Многозначность мотива преображения народной культуры в творчестве В. А. Солоухина (на материале рассказа «Двадцать пять на двадцать пять»)

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Журавлев
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Рассказ В.А. Солоухина «Двадцать пять на двадцать пять» (1974) становится эмпирическим материалом для рассмотрения ситуации, связанной со сменой социокультурных парадигм в жизни села Центральной России. Автор использует в тексте рефлексивное переплетение хронологических пластов, посредством которого показан процесс постепенной утраты живых народных традиций как в городе, так и на селе. Личностно окрашенные воспоминания об особенностях проведения народных праздников в русской деревне первой половины ХХ в. соотносятся с наблюдениями за реалиями 1960-1970-х годов. Действие рассказа происходит в селе Преображенское в его престольный праздник Преображения. Это название неоднократно повторяется в рассматриваемом тексте, помогая спроецировать модель сопоставления старого и нового общества. В рассказе В.А. Солоухина звучит мотив преображения, трансформации, изменения современной ему действительности. Герой текста горожанин в первом поколении Андрей Воронов испытывает ностальгию по народным обычаям, типичным для первой половины ХХ в. Предметным воплощением прежней деревенской народной культуры является гармонь. В довоенной традиции этот инструмент создавал и менял обстановку, задавал настроение, пользовался большим уважением на селе. Позднее на фоне урбанизации общества, распространения массовой культуры и доминирования принципов потребления, гармонь теряет свою былую привлекательность и воспринимается молодежью как предмет архаики. В.А. Солоухин совмещает в своем рассказе черты художественного текста и этнографического очерка. Писатель проводит экскурс в мир праздничных народных традиций, вспоминает о важной роли гармони и гармониста в жизни русского села. Затем на художественном материале показывает преображение известной ему с детства действительности. V. A. Soloukhin's short story "Twenty five by twenty five" (1974) becomes an empirical material for the consideration of the situation associated with the change of socio-cultural paradigms in rural life in Central Russia. The author uses in the text a reflexive interweaving of chronological layers, through which the process of gradual loss of living folk traditions both in the city and in the countryside is shown. Personal memories of the peculiarities of folk festivals in the Russian village of the first half of the twentieth century correlate with observations of the realities of the 1960s and 1970s. The story takes place in the village of Preobrazhenskoye on its patronal feast of the Transfiguration. This name is repeated in the text under consideration, helping to project a model of comparison of old and new society. In V. A. Soloukhin's story the motive of transformation, of changes of the reality manifests itself. The hero of the text, a citizen in the first generation, Andrei Voronov, is nostalgic for folk customs typical of the first half of the twentieth century. The subject embodiment of the former village folk culture is the garmon (the Russian button accordion). In the pre-war tradition, this instrument created and changed the situation, set the mood, enjoyed great respect in the countryside. Later, against the background of the urbanization of society, the spread of mass culture and the dominance of the principles of consumption, the garmonloses its former appeal and is perceived by young people as an archaic object. V. A. Soloukhin combines the features of a literary text and an ethnographic essay in his story. The writer makes an excursion into the world of festive folk traditions, recalls the important role of the garmon and its player in the life of the Russian village. Then, on the artistic material, he shows the transformation of the reality known to him since childhood.

scholarly journals Seven Late Twentieth-Century Lives: the Mass Observation Project and Life Writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. MO92-MO101
Author(s):  
James Hinton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Reflective Narrative

From its revival in 1981, the Mass Observation Project has collected life writing. In response to open ended questionnaires (‘directives’), MO correspondents send in what often amount to fragments of autobiography. While this material has been explored by researchers ‘horizontally’, to discuss attitudes and behaviour in relation to the themes raised by particular directives, my book Seven Lives from Mass Observation is the first attempt to use the material ‘vertically’, assembling the fragments of autobiography contributed by some individual writers who continued to respond over two or three decades. In an earlier book, Nine Wartime Lives, I used MO's original wartime diaries (and directive responses) to write biographical essays exploring a set of common themes, derived from the mature historiography of the period, from the contrasting perspectives of nine very different observers who had all participated as active citizens in public life. This article describes the very different challenges and insights posed by the use of the more recent MOP material. The longer time frame, and less developed historiography, demanded toleration of initial confusion in the research process before the key theme of a contrast between the 1960s and 1980s emerged. The reflective narrative of MOP's autobiographical fragments (different from the immediacy of the MO wartime diaries) shaped the sample chosen: a single older generational cohort, born between the two world wars, responding to the 1960s and the 1980s as adults formed by earlier experiences. Writing intimate biographies of living people, guaranteed anonymity when they first volunteered for MOP, required developing a set of ethical protocols in conjunction with the MO Trustees.

Democratic Denials and Dissent at the Miners’ Welfare Fund, 1957–1963

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Muncy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Progressive Reform ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Welfare Fund ◽  
Twentieth Century America ◽  
Improving Health Care

This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1957 to 1963. During the late 1950s, two trends marked Roche's work at the miners' Welfare Fund. First, she reemerged into public life, having gained confidence that her latest creation was no longer at risk from hostile coal operators, anti-communist crusaders, or recalcitrant doctors. Second, her commitment to democracy eroded. By 1960, Roche had built an effective bureaucracy committed to improving health care among miners and to preserving their union. But, unlike bureaucracies Roche had assembled before, this one became frozen in its priorities and deaf to the preferences of those it claimed to serve. This attenuation of democratic commitment was one of the principal reasons that, despite the survivals of progressivism in her work at the fund, Roche could no longer be considered a progressive. Ironically, however, the lack of democracy within the fund generated such anger in the coalfields that it helped to spark the final eruption of progressive reform in twentieth-century America during the 1960s.

The Paradox of the Fin de Siècle: Anti-Americanism and Americanization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kuisel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Opinion Polls

As the twentieth century drew to a close, Americanization was transforming how the French ate, entertained themselves, conducted business, and even communicated. Yet the fin de siècle also witnessed the strongest expression of anti-Americanism since the 1960s, which was visible in opinion polls, newspapers, books, television, and politicians' pronouncements. This chapter examines this paradox, this tension between a society seemingly immersed in America and one that posed America as “the other.” The growing anti-Americanism can be briefly explained as follows: once the Cold War ended, the transatlantic superpower, from a French perspective, became more overbearing. The French in turn became more critical of domestic trends in the United States and less comfortable with the inroads of American culture. As a result they intensified their efforts at both asserting their independence and defining themselves differently from their American cousins.

The Curious Path of Conservative Protestantism

1985 ◽  
Vol 480 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILLIP E. HAMMOND
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conservative Protestantism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Turn

The effective origins of contemporary conservative Protestantism are found in the early nineteenth century, when an evangelicalism emerged and so influenced that century. This outlook, both theological and moral, dominated until after the Civil War, when forces of immigration, urbanization, and education severely challenged at least the theological domination. By early in the twentieth century, therefore, Protestantism had split into two factions: a liberal wing that, by accommodating theologically to those forces of modernity, remained dominant, and a conservative wing that seemed, by the 1920s, to have submerged from public life. To understand not only the resurgence of conservative Protestantism but also its unusual political turn, therefore, requires consideration of moral—not just theological—factors peculiar to America since the 1960s.

Perceptions of New Orleans Voodoo: Sin, Fraud, Entertainment, and Religion

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Morrow Long
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
The 1960S

Throughout the nineteenth century, Voodoo was considered by the dominant American culture to be sinful and threatening, and strong repressive measures were taken by the authorities. From the turn of the twentieth century until about the 1960s, the practice was simply seen as a fraud from which ignorant blacks needed protection. By the latter half of the twentieth century,concerns with both sin and fraud had diminished, and Voodoo was looked upon as entertainment——a tourist commodity and potential gold-mine for commercial exploitation. Finally, at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first, there has been a new awareness of Voodoo as a legitimate religion.

Studying Modern Arabic Literature

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Modern Arabic

This book is devoted to the life and academic legacy of Mustafa Badawi who transformed the study of modern Arabic literature in the second half of the twentieth century. Prior to the 1960s the study of Arabic literature, both classical and modern, had barely been emancipated from the academic approaches of orientalism. The appointment of Badawi as Oxford University's first lecturer in modern Arabic literature changed the face of this subject as Badawi showed, through his teaching and research, that Arabic literature was making vibrant contributions to global culture and thought. Part biography, part collection of critical essays, this book celebrates Badawi's immense contribution to the field and explores his role as a public intellectual in the Arab world and the west.

Rewriting the Narrative

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Nicolas G. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mixed Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
The 1960S

A vibrant American Indian art scene developed in California from the 1960s to the 1980s, with links to a broader indigenous arts movement. Native American artists working in the state produced and exhibited paintings, prints, sculptures, mixed media, and other art forms that validated and documented their cultures, interpreted their history, asserted their survival, and explored their experiences in modern society. Building on recent scholarship that examines American Indian migration, urbanization, and activism in the twentieth century, this article charts these developments and argues that American Indian artists in California challenged and rewrote dominant historical narratives by foregrounding Native American perspectives in their work.

Frontiers of Visibility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Torma
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Cinematic Technology

This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.

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