scholarly journals Túrázók a Pilis és a Visegrádi-hegység területén: a megközelítés problémája - Hiking in the Pilis and Visegrád Hills: the problem of access

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Borbála Benkhard
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Visitor Management ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Internal Transport ◽  
Visitor Numbers

A természetjárás növekvő népszerűségét a Covid19-járvány világszerte felerősítette. Legnagyobb mértékben az úgynevezett egynapos, zömében a nagyvárosokhoz közeli desztinációk látogatottsága és így terhelése nőtt meg, illetve megemelkedett a személygépkocsival megtett utazások aránya is. A Pilisi Bioszféra Rezervátum területén végzett, látogatószámlálással egybekötött kérdőíves felmérés eredményei alapján kimutatható többek között, hogy az ismertebb helyszínek esetében nem számít a jó tömegközlekedési összeköttetés, sokan választják az autót. A saját gépkocsival érkezők növekvő aránya egyrészt a természeti értékek károsodásához, másrészt a helybeliekkel kapcsolatos konfliktusokhoz vezet. A felerősödő problémák szükségessé teszik a látogatómenedzsment-eszközök átgondolását, a desztináció megközelíthetőségének és belső közlekedési rendszerének a felülvizsgálatát, valamint a természeti értékek és helyi közösségek érdekeit előtérbe helyező mobilitástervezést. The growing popularity of hiking has been boosted by the Covid19 epidemic worldwide. The largest increases in visitor numbers and thus pollution have been in the so-called one-day destinations, mostly in the peri-urban areas, and travel by car has also increased. The results of a questionnaire survey in the Pilis Biosphere Reserve, which included a visitor census, show, among other things, that good public transport connections are not an important factor for the more well-known sites, and that many people choose to travel by car. The increasing proportion of visitors arriving by private car leads to both damage to natural assets and conflicts with locals. These growing problems call for a rethink of visitor management tools, a review of the destination’s accessibility and internal transport system, comprising overall mobility planning which prioritises the interests of natural assets and local communities.

scholarly journals Investigation of Employee Related Airport Ground Access Strategies from a Post-COVID Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Yilmaz ◽  
Matthew Frost ◽  
Andrew Timmis ◽  
Stephen Ison
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Access Policies

Until recently, addressing the environmental externalities associated with the use of the private car and single occupancy vehicles has been the focus of the airport ground access policies worldwide. However, with the emerging unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, which have already changed the way we live, work, and travel, encouraging a change in commuter behavior has become even more important. This has necessitated that existing strategies be reconsidered in favor of adapting to a highly uncertain “COVID-19 world.” Historically, there has been a dearth of literature relating to airport employees’ ground access even though as a group employees represent an important segment of airport users with complex access requirements. This paper therefore focuses on airport employee related airport ground access strategies considering an emerging understanding of the future impacts of COVID-19 on global air travel. Pre-COVID strategies are investigated by conducting a documentary analysis of the most recent ground access strategies of 27 UK airports. The findings reveal that airport ground access strategies were mainly focused on setting targets and producing policy measures in favor of reducing car use and increasing the use of more sustainable transport modes including public transport, car sharing, and active travel (walking, cycling). However, measures encouraging public transport and car sharing will be more difficult to implement because of social distancing and fear of proximity to others. Instead, initiatives encouraging remote working, active travel, and improved staff awareness will be at the forefront of the future ground access strategy development.

scholarly journals Social distancing in public transport: mobilising new technologies for demand management under the Covid-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hörcher ◽  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
Daniel J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Information ◽  
Occupancy Rates

AbstractDense urban areas are especially hardly hit by the Covid-19 crisis due to the limited availability of public transport, one of the most efficient means of mass mobility. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, public transport operators are experiencing steep declines in demand and fare revenues due to the perceived risk of infection within vehicles and other facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of implementing social distancing in public transport in line with epidemiological advice. Social distancing requires effective demand management to keep vehicle occupancy rates under a predefined threshold, both spatially and temporally. We review the literature of five demand management methods enabled by new information and ticketing technologies: (i) inflow control with queueing, (ii) time and space dependent pricing, (iii) capacity reservation with advance booking, (iv) slot auctioning, and (v) tradeable travel permit schemes. Thus the paper collects the relevant literature into a single point of reference, and provides interpretation from the viewpoint of practical applicability during and after the pandemic.

Local Communities as a Tool for the Development of Municipal Democracy: German Experience and Lessons for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Larichev ◽  
Emil Markwart
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Issue Management ◽  
State Management ◽  
Municipal Level

Local government as a political, legal and social institution finds itself in a very difficult period of development in Russia. The long-established tendency of its subordination to the state has intensified today in connection with the newly adopted constitutional amendments. At the same time, it seems obvious that further “embedding” of local government into the state management vertical, in the absence of any positive effect in terms of solving socio-economic and infrastructural problems, will inevitably lead to other hard to reverse, negative results both for local government institutions and the system of public authority as a whole. The normal functioning of local government requires, however, not only the presence of its sufficient institutional and functional autonomy from the state, but also an adequate territorial and social base for its implementation. To ensure the formation of viable territorial collectives, especially in urban areas, it seems appropriate to promote the development of self-government based on local groups at the intra-municipal level. Such local groups can independently manage issues of local importance on a small scale (landscaping, social volunteering, and neighborly mutual assistance), and provide, within the boundaries of a local territory, due civil control over the maintenance by municipal authorities of more complex and large-scale local issues (repair and development of infrastructure, removal of solid household waste and more). At the same time, the development of local communities can by no means be a self-sufficient and substitutional mechanism, whose introduction would end the need for democracy in the full scope of municipal structures overall. In this regard, the experience of local communities’ development in Germany, a state with legal traditions similar to Russian ones, with a centuries-old history of the development of territorial communities and a difficult path to building democracy and forming civil society, seems to be very interesting. Here, the progressive development of local forms of democracy and the participation of residents in local issue management are combined with stable mechanisms of municipal government, and the interaction of municipalities with the state does not torpedo the existing citizen forms of self-government. At the same time, the experience of Germany shows that the decentralization of public issue management which involves the local population can only be effective in a situation where, in addition to maintaining a full-fledged self-government mechanism at the general municipal level, relevant local communities are endowed with real competence and resources to influence local issue decision-making. The role of formalized local communities in urban areas, as the German experience shows, can not only facilitate the decentralization of solving public problems, but can also help in timely elimination of triggers for mobilizing citywide supercollectives with negative agendas. This experience seems useful and applicable in the Russian context.

scholarly journals Informal park-and-ride behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Jelena Simićević ◽  
Vladimir Molan ◽  
Nada Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Parking Management

Sustainable parking management in central urban areas typically involves implementation of restrictive parking measures. Discouraged by parking measures users seek for an alternative option. Some of them self-initiatively found a way not to completely abandon driving: they drive and park outside the central area and reach the final destination by public transport. This travel pattern is known as “informal Park-and-Ride“ (PnR), and should be estimated as relatively positive because the critical “last mile” is travelled by public transport. As PnR demand grows, policy-makers should consider its formalisation and integration into the urban transport policy. This paper aims to identify informal PnR users in Belgrade and to investigate their motives, requests and preferences towards this option. The findings should be of importance when planning and developing formal PnR sites, which can largely increase user willingness to accept restrictive parking measures, i.e. to adopt more sustainable travel behaviour.

scholarly journals Quality of Bus Services Performance: Benefits of Real Time Passenger Information Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Monzon ◽  
Sara Hernandez ◽  
Rocio Cascajo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Bus Services

One of the main problems in urban areas is the steady growth in car ownership and traffic levels. Therefore, the challenge of sustainability is focused on a shift of the demand for mobility from cars to collective means of transport. For this purpose, buses are a key element of the public transport systems. In this respect Real Time Passenger Information (RTPI) systems help people change their travel behaviour towards more sustainable transport modes. This paper provides an assessment methodology which evaluates how RTPI systems improve the quality of bus services performance in two European cities, Madrid and Bremerhaven. In the case of Madrid, bus punctuality has increased by 3%. Regarding the travellers perception, Madrid raised its quality of service by 6% while Bremerhaven increased by 13%. On the other hand, the users´ perception of Public Transport (PT) image increased by 14%.

Planned Traffic Stability on a Rail Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ștefănică ◽  
Vasile Dragu ◽  
Ştefan Burciu ◽  
Anamaria Ilie ◽  
Oana Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Event Dynamic ◽  
The Stability

Impetuous multiplication of mobility and road traffic proliferation lead to concerns for increasing the attractiveness of urban public transport. Compared to private car use, urban public transport attractiveness is conditioned, in particular, by travel times and certainty of respecting the transport schedules, meaning planned traffic stability. Traffic schedules are considered to be more stable as the primary delays from the announced schedule have low probabilities and values and their propagation as repeated delays is least noticed in time and space. Solutions for assuring traffic stability must take into consideration contradictory aspects, because introducing time reserves in the schedules means time travel extensions. In order to assure the stability of planned traffic, present paper develops studies of various models and methods that aim to reduce inherent primary delays. Thereby, for studying repeated delays on a complex network, a mathematical model adequate to a Discrete Event Dynamic System (DEDS), that in MAX-PLUS algebra becomes a linear system, was used. The paper concludes with a case study on an integrated network resulted from the superposition of Bucharest’s existing suburban rail network with the underground network designed for 2030, being identified measures for improving the stability indicators. Traffic stability is assessed on the basis of two indicators: instability coefficient and delay elimination rate. Main measure for improving stability indicators is the growth of time reserves taking into consideration the quality requirements resulting from the condition of maintaining a reduced planned travel time.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Safety Impacts of Bus Priority Routes in Major Israeli Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8617
Author(s):  
Victoria Gitelman ◽  
Anna Korchatov ◽  
Wafa Elias
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Bus Priority ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Increasing Trends

Bus priority routes (BPRs) promote public transport use in urban areas; however, their safety impacts are not sufficiently understood. Along with proven positive mobility effects, such systems may lead to crash increases. This study examines the safety impacts of BPRs, which have been introduced on busy urban roads in three major Israeli cities—Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa. Crash changes associated with BPR implementation are estimated using after–before or cross-section evaluations, with comparison-groups. The findings show that BPR implementation is generally associated with increasing trends in various crash types and, particularly, in pedestrian crashes at junctions. Yet, the results differ depending on BPR configurations. Center lane BPRs are found to be safer than curbside BPRs. The best safety level is observed when a center lane BPR is adjacent to a single lane for all-purpose traffic. Local public transport planners should be aware of possible negative implications of BPRs for urban traffic safety. Negative safety impacts can be moderated by a wider use of safety-related measures, as demonstrated in BPRs’ operation in Haifa. Further research is needed to delve into the reasons for the negative safety impacts of BPRs under Israeli conditions relative to the positive impacts reported in other countries.

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