MUSCLE QUALITY IMPROVES WITH EXTENDED HIGH-INTENSITY RESISTANCE TRAINING AFTER HIP FRACTURE

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
R.A. BRIGGS ◽  
J.R. HOUCK ◽  
M.J. DRUMMOND ◽  
J.M. FRITZ ◽  
P.C. LASTAYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extension Force

Background: Muscle mass deficits endure after hip fracture. Strategies to improve muscle quality may improve mobility and physical function. It is unknown whether training after usual care yields muscle quality gains after hip fracture. Objectives: To determine whether muscle quality improves after hip fracture with high-intensity resistance training and protein supplementation. Design: Case series. Setting: University of Utah Skeletal Muscle Exercise Research Facility. Participants: 17 community-dwelling older adults, 3.6+/-1.1 months post-hip fracture, recently discharged from usual-care physical therapy (mean age 77.0+/-12.0 years, 12 female), enrolled. Intervention: Participants underwent 12 weeks (3x/week) of unilaterally-biased resistance training. Methods/Materials: Participants were measured via a 3.0 Tesla whole-body MR imager for muscle lean and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) of the quadriceps before and after resistance training. Peak isometric knee extension force output was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle quality was calculated by dividing peak isometric knee extension force (N) by quadriceps lean muscle mass (cm2). In addition, common physical function variables were measured before and after training. Results: Surgical and nonsurgical lean quadriceps muscle mass improved among participants (mean change: 2.9 cm2+/-1.4 cm2, and 2.7 cm2+/-1.3 cm2, respectively), while IMAT remained unchanged. Peak force improved in the surgical limb by 43.1+/-23N, with no significant change in the nonsurgical limb. Significant gains in physical function were evident after training. Conclusion: Participants recovering from hip fracture demonstrated improvements in muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality in the surgical limb after hip fracture. These were in addition to gains made in the first months after fracture with traditional care. Future studies should determine the impact that muscle quality has on long-term functional recovery in this population.

scholarly journals Fish Protein Ingestion Induces Neural, but Not Muscular Adaptations, Following Resistance Training in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Watanabe ◽  
Aleš Holobar ◽  
Kenji Uchida ◽  
Yukiko Mita
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Motor Unit ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Motor Unit Firing ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Protein Ingestion

Purpose: Nutritional supplementation in conjunction with exercise is of interest for the prevention or improvement of declines in motor performances in older adults. An understanding of the effects on both young and older adults contributes to its effective application. We investigated the effect of fish protein ingestion with resistance training on neural and muscular adaptations in young adults using interventions and assessments that have already been tested in older adults.Methods: Eighteen young adults underwent 8 weeks of isometric knee extension training. During the intervention, nine participants ingested 5 g of fish protein (n = 9, Alaska pollack protein, APP), and the other nine participants ingested casein as a control (n = 9, CAS) in addition to daily meals. Before, during, and after the intervention, the isometric knee extension force, lower extremity muscle mass, and motor unit firing pattern of knee extensor muscles were measured.Results: Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was significantly increased in both APP and CAS groups from 0 weeks to 4, 6, and 8 weeks of intervention (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.546–0.931). Muscle mass was not significantly changed during the intervention in either group (p = 0.250–0.698). Significant changes in motor unit firing rates (p = 0.02 and 0.029 for motor units recruited at 20–40% of MVC and at 40–60%) were observed following the intervention in the APP but not CAS (p = 0.120–0.751) group.Conclusions: These results suggest that dietary fish protein ingestion changes motor unit adaptations following resistance training in young adults.

Influence of endurance training on muscle [PCr] kinetics during high-intensity exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R392-R401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Daryl P. Wilkerson ◽  
Nicolas J. Berger ◽  
Jonathan Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

We hypothesized that a period of endurance training would result in a speeding of muscle phosphocreatine concentration ([PCr]) kinetics over the fundamental phase of the response and a reduction in the amplitude of the [PCr] slow component during high-intensity exercise. Six male subjects (age 26 ± 5 yr) completed 5 wk of single-legged knee-extension exercise training with the alternate leg serving as a control. Before and after the intervention period, the subjects completed incremental and high-intensity step exercise tests of 6-min duration with both legs separately inside the bore of a whole-body magnetic resonance spectrometer. The time-to-exhaustion during incremental exercise was not changed in the control leg [preintervention group (PRE): 19.4 ± 2.3 min vs. postintervention group (POST): 19.4 ± 1.9 min] but was significantly increased in the trained leg (PRE: 19.6 ± 1.6 min vs. POST: 22.0 ± 2.2 min; P < 0.05). During step exercise, there were no significant changes in the control leg, but end-exercise pH and [PCr] were higher after vs. before training. The time constant for the [PCr] kinetics over the fundamental exponential region of the response was not significantly altered in either the control leg (PRE: 40 ± 13 s vs. POST: 43 ± 10 s) or the trained leg (PRE: 38 ± 8 s vs. POST: 40 ± 12 s). However, the amplitude of the [PCr] slow component was significantly reduced in the trained leg (PRE: 15 ± 7 vs. POST: 7 ± 7% change in [PCr]; P < 0.05) with there being no change in the control leg (PRE: 13 ± 8 vs. POST: 12 ± 10% change in [PCr]). The attenuation of the [PCr] slow component might be mechanistically linked with enhanced exercise tolerance following endurance training.

scholarly journals Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kimura ◽  
Takuro Okamura ◽  
Keiko Iwai ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Takafumi Senmaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Isometric knee extension force in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without apparent diabetic polyneuropathy: Data from the Multicenter Survey of the Isometric Lower Extremity Strength in Type 2 Diabetes study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211882341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuo Nomura ◽  
Tomoyasu Ishiguro ◽  
Masayoshi Ohira ◽  
Hiroyuki Oka ◽  
Yukio Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Multicenter Survey ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Extension Force ◽  
Healthy Control

Objectives: To determine standard reference values for isometric knee extension force using a cohort of Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic polyneuropathy. Methods: Patient data were collected from the Multicenter Survey of the Isometric Lower Extremity Strength in Type 2 Diabetes study and compared with previously published data of healthy control subjects. In total, we enrolled 898 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30–87 years, who did not have diabetic polyneuropathy. The control group included 510 healthy subjects aged 30–88 years. Maximum isometric knee extension force (KEF) values were obtained by using a hand-held dynamometer with belt stabilization. In addition, KEF (kgf) was adjusted for bodyweight (kg) to calculate %KEF. Results: KEF and %KEF decreased with age in both patients with diabetes and healthy control subjects. The mean values of KEF and %KEF in patients with diabetes were reduced by 9.7% and 20.8%, respectively, in males, and by 11.6% and 23.0%, respectively, in females compared to the values in healthy control subjects. Conclusion: KEF and %KEF in patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic polyneuropathy may reduce by approximately 10% and 20%, respectively, compared to these values in healthy control subjects. This study provides reference values for isometric KEF with respect to sex in a population covering a wide age range.

Exploring the Role of Muscle Mass, Obesity, and Age in the Relationship Between Muscle Quality and Physical Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 303.e13-303.e20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Barbat-Artigas ◽  
Charlotte H. Pion ◽  
Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Resistance Training Performed With Single and Multiple Sets Induces Similar Improvements in Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, Muscle Quality, and IGF-1 in Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo M. Cunha ◽  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽  
Matheus A. Nascimento ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria À. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
María Á. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Sebastià Balasch-Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Competitive Soccer Matches on Landing Biomechanics in Female Division I Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Snyder ◽  
Randolph E. Hutchison ◽  
Christopher J. Mills ◽  
Stephen J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Before And After

Fatigue has been proposed to increase the risk of knee injury. This study tracked countermovement jump, knee isometric strength, and kinetics and kinematics in 8 female soccer players (experimental group) during an anticipated sidestep maneuver before and after two matches played over a 43-h period. Time points were: Before and after match 1 (T0 and T1), 12 h after the first match (T2), and immediately after the second match (T3). A control group participated only in practice sessions. Isometric knee extension strength decreased by 14.8% at T2 (p = 0.003), but knee flexion was not affected until T3, declining by 12.6% (p = 0.018). During the sidestep maneuver, knee joint degrees of flexion at initial contact was increased by 17.1% at T3, but maximum knee and hip angle at initial contact were unchanged. Peak resultant ground reaction force (GRF) increased by 12.6% (p = 0.047) at T3 (3.03 xBW) from 2.69 xBW at T0, while posterior GRF was significantly higher than T0 at all three subsequent time points (T1 = 0.82 ± 0.23 xBW, T2 = 0.87 ± 0.22 xBW, T3 = 0.89 ± 0.22 xBW). Anterior tibial shear force increased significantly (p = 0.020) at T3 (1.24 ± 0.12 xBW) compared to T1 (1.15 ± 0.13 xBW), an 8.8% increase. Lateral tibial shear force was significantly higher at both T1 (0.95 ± 0.20 xBW) and T3 (1.15 ± 0.38 xBW) compared to T0 (0.67 ± 0.25 xBW). These findings suggest that participation in a soccer match has significant effects on both physical performance parameters and kinetics/kinematics during a sidestep cut, but these can be more pronounced after a second match with short rest.

scholarly journals The impact of disease-related immobilization on thigh muscle mass and strength in older hospitalized patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Rommersbach ◽  
Rainer Wirth ◽  
Gero Lueg ◽  
Christiane Klimek ◽  
Mirja Schnatmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We assessed the quantitative changes in muscle mass and strength during 2 weeks of hospitalization in immobile and mobile acutely ill hospitalized older adults. Methods Forty-one patients (82.4 ± 6.6 years, 73.0% females) participated in this prospective longitudinal observational study. Mobility status was defined according to walking ability as described in the Barthel-Index. Functional status, including handgrip strength and isometric knee-extension strength, and mid-thigh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of cross-sectional area (CSA) were conducted on admission and at discharge. Results Twenty-two participants (54%) were immobile and 19 (46%) mobile. In all, 54.0 and 12.0% were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. The median time between baseline and follow-up for MRI scans were 13 days in mobile and immobile participants (P = 0.072). Mid-thigh muscle and subcutaneous fat CSA significantly decreased by 3.9cm2 (5.0%, P = 0.002) and 5.3cm2 (5.7%, P = 0.036) during hospitalization whereas intermuscular fat remained unchanged in immobile subjects. No significant changes were observed in mobile patients. In a regression analysis, mobility was the major independent risk factor for changes in mid-thigh muscle CSA as a percentage of initial muscle area (P = 0.022) whereas other variables such as age (P = 0.584), BMI (P = 0.879), nutritional status (P = 0.835) and inflammation (P = 0.291) were not associated with muscle mass changes. There was a significant decrease in isometric knee extension strength (P = 0.002) and no change in handgrip strength (P = 0.167) in immobile patients whereas both parameters increased significantly over time in mobile patients (P = 0.048 and P = 0.012, respectively). Conclusions Two weeks of disease-related immobilization result in a significant loss of thigh muscle mass and muscle strength in older patients with impaired mobility. Concomitantly, there was a significant reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue in immobile older hospitalized patients whereas no changes were observed in intermuscular fat among these patients. These data highlight the importance of mobility support in maintaining muscle mass and function in older hospitalized patients.

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