scholarly journals COVID-19 diagnostic multiplicity and its role in community surveillance and control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit Deshmukh ◽  
Satyendra N. Tripathi ◽  
Ashlesh Patil ◽  
Jaya Prasad Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
And Control

Diagnosis of persons exposed to/infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to controlling the global pandemic of COVID-19. Currently, several diagnostic modalities are available for COVID-19, each with its own pros and cons. Although there is a global consensus to increase the testing capacity, it is also essential to prudently utilize these tests to control the pandemic. In this paper, we have reviewed the current array of diagnostics for SARSCoV-2 highlighted the gaps in current diagnostic modalities and their role in community surveillance and control of the pandemic. The different modalities of COVID-19 diagnosis discussed are: clinical and radiological, molecular-based (laboratory-based and point-of-care), Immunoassay based (ELISA, rapid antigen and antibody detection tests) and digital diagnostics (artificial intelligence-based algorithms). The role of rapid antigen/antibody detection tests in community surveillance has also been described here. These tests can be used to identify asymptomatic persons exposed to the virus and in community-based seroprevalence surveys to assess the epidemiology of spread of the virus. However, there are few concerns about the accuracy of these tests which needs to evaluated beforehand.

scholarly journals Schistosomiasis: from established diagnostic assays to emerging micro/nanotechnology-based rapid field testing for clinical management and epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Mutro Nigo ◽  
Georgette Salieb-Beugelaar ◽  
Manuel Battegay ◽  
Peter Odermatt ◽  
Patrick Hunziker
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
And Control ◽  
Analytical Platforms ◽  
Selection Of

Schistosomiasis is a neglected invasive worm disease with a huge disease burden in developing countries, particularly in children, and is seen increasingly in non-endemic regions through transfer by travellers, expatriates, and refugees. Undetected and untreated infections may be responsible for the persistence of transmission. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is the key to treatment and control. So far, parasitological detection methods remain the cornerstone of Schistosoma infection diagnosis in endemic regions, but conventional tests have limited sensitivity, in particular in low-grade infection. Recent advances contribute to improved detection in clinical and field settings. The recent progress in micro- and nanotechnologies opens a road by enabling the design of new miniaturized point-of-care devices and analytical platforms, which can be used for the rapid detection of these infections. This review starts with an overview of currently available laboratory tests and their performance and then discusses emerging rapid and micro/nanotechnologies-based tools. The epidemiological and clinical setting of testing is then discussed as an important determinant for the selection of the best analytical strategy in patients suspected to suffer from Schistosoma infection. Finally, it discusses the potential role of advanced technologies in the setting near to disease eradication is examined.

Devolution, not decarceration: The limits of juvenile justice reform in Texas

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cate
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Across the USA, a number of states have been reducing the number of juveniles sent to state-run corrections institutions. Findings from a case study on juvenile justice in Texas indicate that the effort to reduce the number of juveniles sent to large state institutions and to invest in “community-based corrections” has entrenched rather than challenged the role of the justice system in the lives of thousands of juveniles. Texas has cut the number of juveniles sent to state-run facilities, but has bolstered and expanded county probation and county detention, which is where the vast majority of juveniles have always been handled. Youth who continue to be sent to state-run facilities or who are housed in county-run institutions experience a high level of violence and are routinely subjected to solitary confinement. The popularity of deinstitutionalizing juveniles from state-run corrections institutions and increasing programming and control of offenders at the local level are animating the landscape of criminal justice policy across the country. The Texas case suggests that this narrow approach further consolidates the extensive role of the justice system in U.S. society.

scholarly journals ROLE OF COVID AS A CATALYST IN INCREASING ADOPTION OF OTTS IN INDIA: A STUDY OF EVOLVING CONSUMER CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND FUTURE BUSINESS SCOPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 298-311
Author(s):  
Garima Sharma Nijhawan ◽  
Surbhi Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Content Consumption ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Qualitative Mapping ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is an unprecedented global pandemic which has changed the way audience consume media. An undeniable trend surfaced in this period– adoption of OTTs. There are many reports which point to the growing market and consumer appetite for content of choice available on OTT platforms. OTTs offer a never before consumer advantage– choice of content, ease of access, choice of device / mediums (hand phone, laptop, tablet or TV screen). Gone are the days when family members fought for screen time of choice on family’s singular home device i.e. TV. With this study, the researchers studied the evolution of OTT space in India and reviewed the dynamic OTT space – evaluate some firsts like big banner movie releases on platforms like Amazon and Netflix, return of old content like Mythological programmes from the DD era on Hotstar etc. To complete the study, it was imperative to evaluate the impact of growing content consumption on psychographics across generations (children, adults and elderlies) as there is limited censorship in the OTT space. With this background, the researchers workedon the objectives and tried to evaluate the role played by the pandemic in evolving OTT media consumption trends; a qualitative mapping of increase in OTT adoption – Pre and Post COVID 19 in India; study underlying trends around increasing consumer appetite for the medium and analyse psychographic impact on children, adults and elderlies – listing pros and cons for freely available content with minimal censorship. The researchers adopteda combined qualitative and quantitative approach to extrapolate the data. A survey was also conducted to do audience mapping and analysis.In addition to primary data, content from news articles, industry research reports, international journals for accumulation of key trends were analysed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAWITAN GAYA SRAGEN PADA SELERA MASYARAKAT KEBAKKRAMAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT This article discusses the influence of Sragen Style on the change of gamelan performance in Kebakkramat, Karanganyar. The Kebakkramat community who previously liked the performance style of Surakarta gamelan, are currently experiencing a change in taste to prefer Sragen style. Sragen style is popular in Sragen regency, because its location is adjacent to Karanganyar regency, giving influence to the style of karawitan art presentation in Kebakkramat sub-district. Sragen style gamelan has the characteristic of being simpler, louder, and easier to understand, and more flexible because Sragen style can be presented in all genres of songs, one of them being dangdut. Factors affecting the changing tastes of the population are increasing and decreasing population, new discoveries and environmental conditions. People in Kebakkramat sub-district experienced an increase and decrease of the population which indirectly affected the social and cultural environment. The emergence of a community of lovers of Sragen style and the rapidly growing media role also became an influence on people's tastes. In addition, the use of additional instruments in Sragen style and the role of MC in guiding the event to give a new color that makes the atmosphere more playful so is more liked by the community. Sragen style that tends to contradict with Surakarta style is increasingly in demand by Kebakkramat community, so indirectly causes pros and cons, both from artist and music lovers. In response, the two opposing views can be combined with reference to four dimensions, namely capitalism, industry, supervision and control. It aims to make Sragen style accepted as art of karawitan, but still under supervision and control, so as not to go too far of the characteristic of karawitan itself. Kata Kunci : karawitan, gaya Sragen, Sragenan, pengaruh, perubahan, Kebakkramat.

Repatriation and Decolonization

2018 ◽  
pp. 722-738
Author(s):  
Robin R. R. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Liturgical Music ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
And Control ◽  
Associated Knowledge

This chapter focuses on the efforts of Ts’msyen from Lax Kw’alaams to repatriate songs and associated knowledge products from the Laura Boulton Collection of Traditional and Liturgical Music. It provides an overview of the sociopolitical context that created the conditions for the songs to be taken from the community, including an analysis of the contributing role of Western property frameworks in the dispossession of Ts’msyen knowledge, heritage and rights. Based on a community-based participatory action research project with, by, and for Ts’msyen, this chapter offers decolonial considerations on the topics of ownership, access, and control from the vantage of Ts’msyen laws, ethics, and protocols.

A typology of community forestry approaches in Indonesia: implications for external support to forest communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kurniasih ◽  
R.M. Ford ◽  
R.J. Keenan ◽  
B.J King
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
External Support ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
External Actors ◽  
And Control

Community-based management is an increasingly important form of governance and control of forests and other natural resources. In Indonesia, government policy aims to expand the role of communities in controlling and managing forests. Since the 1970s, many different forms of community forestry (CF) have been implemented in Indonesia but there has been little systematic analysis of these different approaches. This paper presents a typology of CF in Indonesia to present academic knowledge of CF in a form that is useful for practice. The typology acknowledges the networked nature of communities and was developed through qualitative analysis of 311 documents representing 112 cases of CF. Two dimensions emerged that illustrate the evolution of CF: a 'formality' dimension and a 'support' dimension. The former indicated the degree of government authorisation and the latter indicated the degree and type of support provided to communities from governments, businesses, NGOs or other external actors. Nine types of CF were identified, six formal, two partially formalised and one informal. An analysis of these types revealed there are mixed benefits for communities in formalising their access to forests and that the challenges, and therefore needs for support, differ markedly between communities. This study provides a systematic basis for researchers aiming to understand the processes of transition to CF, and for policy makers and practitioners aiming to implement CF in Indonesia and elsewhere.

Pitfalls in the follow-up of cervical and mediastinal goitres: role of CT imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohad Cohen ◽  
Pearl Herskovitz ◽  
Bella Shindell ◽  
Sara Leiba ◽  
Herzlia Hadar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Routine Investigation ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

AbstractFour patients with cervical and mediastinal goitres were described. Routine investigation in these patients, including chest X-rays, oesophageal and tracheal X-rays and scintigraphy of the thyroid gland, failed to show significant changes over the years, or underestimated the true extent of the goitres. Three of the goitres caused severe mediastinal compression, evident only on computed tomography (CT) imaging, and requiring urgent surgery. The pros and cons of different diagnostic modalities for imaging cervical and mediastinal gotires are discussed, stressing the importance of CT imaging as exemplified in the cases presented.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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