scholarly journals Phytotechnical parameters and yield of watermelon plants under different irrigation and nitrogen levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3131
Author(s):  
Laércio da Silva Pereira ◽  
Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽  
Rafael Felipe Ratke ◽  
Carlos José Gonçalves de Sousa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Irrigation Depth

Water and nitrogen availability are fundamental for obtaining a high yield of the watermelon plant. However, the appropriate levels of irrigation and nitrogen to be applied according to specific cultivation conditions should be previously determined. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels in fertigation on the phytotechnical parameters and yield of the Top Gun hybrid watermelon plant. The experiment was conducted at São Luiz Ranch, in Bom Jesus (PI), from August 4 to October 15, 2015. The blocks in strips experimental design was used with four repetitions, and the treatments consisted of five irrigation depths (114.17, 156.86, 221.16, 268.87, and 317.09 mm) and five doses of nitrogen in fertigation (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1). The growth rate of the main and primary branches, leaf area, specific leaf area, stem diameter, dry mass of the aerial part, number of fruits, and commercial production per plant were evaluated. Both hydric and nutritional stress caused decreased growth rates, leaf areas, and specific leaf areas, and the highest growth expressions were found with the combination of a 317.09 mm irrigation depth and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The irrigation depths did not influence the diameter of the stem nor the accumulation of dry mass. Nitrogen doses did not influence the number of fruits and production. The 247.95 mm irrigation depth promoted the highest commercial fruit production of the watermelon plant.

scholarly journals Broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilizer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Lopes ◽  
Janaína Mauri ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo S Alexandre ◽  
Allan R de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Espirito Santo

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre, Espirito Santo state, Brazil, to evaluate the broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilization. Seeds of the broccoli cultivar Ramoso Piracicaba were originated from lots of seed obtained in an organic and conventional production system. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with four replications in a factorial arrangement combination of the lots, 2x5 (organic and mineral fertilized seeds) and substrates [S1 (soil + sand + manure), S2 (soil + sand + manure + NPK), S3 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 10 g L-1), S4 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 30 g L-1) and S5 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 50 g L-1]. The analyzed variables were emergency, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, emergency speed and height of seedlings after 28 days of sowing, and plant diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, plant height, root volume, fresh and dry root mass, absolute and relative growth rates and increment to leaf area and plant height after 104 days. The emergency was similar in the different substrates; great vigor occurred on conventional seeds; the mineral fertilization increased the production of fresh mass of aerial part; the use of substrate containing soil, sand soil conditioner Fertium (30 to 50 g L-1) increased the volume, fresh and dry mass of roots and rate of increase in these variables.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Part ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ecophysiological Indicators for Coriander Under Irrigation Depths and Nitrogen Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Fábio Teixeira Delazari ◽  
Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati ◽  
Gustavo Henrique da Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Silva Gomes ◽  
Derly José Henriques da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization and supplying of water are crucial factors for quality and quantity produces of coriander. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and ecophysiological characteristics for coriander under five irrigation depths and two doses of nitrogen (N). Experimental layout was completely randomized design in a split plot scheme with five replications. The irrigation depths (plot) was 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The doses of N (subplot) corresponded to 35 and 70 kg ha-1. The cultivation of coriander (“Vedete”) was in a protected environment. The ratio between the aerial part and roots linearly increased with the increment of the irrigation depths and was highest under 70 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The leaf area index linearly increased with the increment of the irrigation depths at both doses of N. The leaf index of chlorophyll “a” was highest under irrigation depths of 87 and 75% of ETc for 35 and 70 kg ha-1 of N, respectively. The leaf index of chlorophyll “b” decrease linearly with the increase of irrigation depths in both doses of N. The nitrogen use efficiency was maximized with high soil moisture conditions. The water use efficiency decreases linearly with increasing of irrigation depth. The best irrigation depth and nitrogen dose obtained in this study was 125% of ETc and 70 kg/ha. The leaf index of chlorophyll “a” and “b” are important indicators of hydric stress. The leaf index of chlorophyll “b” are negatively correlated with leaf area index. N supply increase the water use efficiency.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE RELATIVE ABILITY OF BARLEY CULTIVARS IN INTERACTION WITH TURNIP

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
L.R. AGAZZI ◽  
F. NONEMACHER ◽  
F.J.M. BASSO ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Relative Ability

ABSTRACT Among the weeds that cause interference with the growth and development of barley the turnip stands out, especially by the high competitive ability for the resources available in the environment. The research objective with the study was to evaluate the competitive ability of barley cultivars to live with a turnip biotype. Experiments were installed in a greenhouse, in the experimental outlining of randomized blocks designed with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in replacement series, consisting of proportions of barley plants and turnip: 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0: 100% which was equivalent to 20: 0, 15: 5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plants per pot. The barley was represented by BRS Cauê, BRS Elis and MN 610 and the competitor by turnip. The competitive analysis was made through diagrams applied in replacement experiments, among with use of relative competitiveness indices. The leaf area (AF) and the dry mass of the aerial part (MS) were evaluated at 50 days after the emergence of the species. The results show that there was competition between barley varieties with the turnip with mutual damage to the species involved in the community. Turnip negatively modified the AF and the MS of BRS Cauê, MN 610 and BRS Elis demonstrating higher competitive ability for the means of the resources. The interspecific competition causes greater damage to the AF and the MS species than the intraspecific competition. Thus, the turnip control is recommended the turnip control even when present at low densities of plants infesting the barley.

scholarly journals Desempenho da rúcula sob condições de sombreamento e níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Rilbson Henrique Silva dos Santos ◽  
Mirandy dos Santos Dias ◽  
Francisco de Assis da Silva ◽  
João Paulo de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Saniel Carlos dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The City

Arugula is a crop of fast vegetative growth and short cycle, widely accepted worldwide. In Brazil, its production generates jobs and income for family farming. However, the use of saline water in the cultivation of this plant is one of the main factors that limit production. Given this situation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Apreciatta arugula cultivated under conditions of shading and salinity levels of irrigation water. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas, in the city of Rio Largo, AL. The treatments were obtained from the combination of two shading conditions (with shading and without shading) and five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.5; 2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme. Combined, the factors resulted in 10 treatments with four replications and one plant per plot, totaling 40 experimental units. Arugula plants were evaluated for leaf number, plant height, leaf area and dry matter of the aerial part. Increasing levels of salinity in the irrigation water, lead to a reduction in the number of leaves, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part of arugula plants cultivar Apreciatta. However, the use of shading together with the salinity of irrigation water up to 1.4 dS m-1does not affect the leaf area of arugula plants, being possible to cultivate without considerable losses.

scholarly journals Why are tropical conifers disadvantaged in fertile soils? Comparison of Podocarpus guatemalensis with an angiosperm pioneer, Ficus insipida

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C Palma ◽  
Klaus Winter ◽  
Jorge Aranda ◽  
James W Dalling ◽  
Alexander W Cheesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract Conifers are, for the most part, competitively excluded from tropical rainforests by angiosperms. Where they do occur, conifers often occupy sites that are relatively infertile. To gain insight into the physiological mechanisms by which angiosperms outcompete conifers in more productive sites, we grew seedlings of a tropical conifer (Podocarpus guatemalensis Standley) and an angiosperm pioneer (Ficus insipida Willd.) with and without added nutrients, supplied in the form of a slow-release fertilizer. At the conclusion of the experiment, the dry mass of P. guatemalensis seedlings in fertilized soil was approximately twofold larger than that of seedlings in unfertilized soil; on the other hand, the dry mass of F. insipida seedlings in fertilized soil was ~20-fold larger than seedlings in unfertilized soil. The higher relative growth rate of F. insipida was associated with a larger leaf area ratio and a higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area. Higher overall photosynthetic rates in F. insipida were associated with an approximately fivefold larger stomatal conductance than in P. guatemalensis. We surmise that a higher whole-plant hydraulic conductance in the vessel bearing angiosperm F. insipida enabled higher leaf area ratio and higher stomatal conductance per unit leaf area than in the tracheid bearing P. guatemalensis, which enabled F. insipida to capitalize on increased photosynthetic capacity driven by higher nitrogen availability in fertilized soil.

scholarly journals Growth and plant mass of radish fertirrigated with different doses nitrogen

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Rigoberto Moreira de Matos ◽  
Vitoria Ediclecia ◽  
Aryadne Ellen Vilar de Alencar ◽  
José Dantas Neto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses applied via fertigation and associated with different types of crop establishment fertilization on growth and biomass of radish. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, from April to May 2014. Treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen fertilizer applied by fertigation (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8g per pot) and three types of crop establishment fertilization (humus 2:2; NPK and control), arranged in a 5 x 3 factor design with four repetitions. The 15 treatments were arranged in 60 plots. The nitrogen source used in the study was urea, divided in three applications: the first application was carried out eight days after transplanting, the second, on day 15, and the third, on day 22. The crop establishment fertilization significantly influenced the growth variables and plant mass of the radish on day 35 after transplanting. The highest values of the variables (number of leaves, plant height, bulb diameter, leaf area, fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the aerial part and root/aerial part were observed in the treatment with humus on day 35 after transplanting. The dose of 2.8g nitrogen per pot corresponding to 6.22g of urea per plant provided the highest yield for the variable number of leafs, leaf area and root length on day 35 after transplanting.

scholarly journals Growth and Quality of Genotype PS-1319 Cacao Seedlings Produced Under Different Irrigation Depths

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽  
Robson Prucoli Posse ◽  
Sophia Machado Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Francielly Valani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Due to the lack of information on the water demand of cocoa seedlings, empirical techniques have been used in the supply of water to the seedlings, potentializing losses in their growth and development. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the optimal irrigation depth for a good development of the genotype PS-1319 cocoa seedlings. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo-Campus Itapina, located in the Colatina, a city situated in the northwestern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in an experimental greenhouse of the campus, between October 20 and December 15, 2017. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) using 20 seedlings of the genotype PS-1319 cacao per treatment. The treatments consisted of daily applications of six irrigation depths, corresponding to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1, being evaluated their effects on the morphological parameters (leaf area; dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass; height of the aerial part and stem diameter) and the quality (Dickson quality index). The applied depths interfered, both in the development and the quality of the seedlings, with quadratic adjustments for the leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part and total dry mass, diameter and for the Dickson quality index. The best responses to the studied parameters were provided by the 8.33 mm d-1 depth, which is recommended as an ideal for production of genotype PS-1319 cacao seedlings.

scholarly journals Efficacy of substrate and humic substance on cuttings production of Spondia purpurea L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e60985006
Author(s):  
Paula Sara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Fabíola Luzia de Sousa Silva ◽  
Kleber Veras Cordeiro ◽  
Gustavo dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Rafaela Leopoldina Silva Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Humic Substance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

For the propagation of seedlings by cutting it is important to select an appropriate substrate. Additionally, the use of humic substances can stimulate the growth of the plants, as is already known for many species. We aimed to investigate the influence of substrates based on carnauba bagana and carbonized rice husk associated with humic substance - HS in the production of Spondia purpurea L. seedlings by cuttings. We studied three proportions (v:v) of substrates, namely, 100% carbonized rice husk; 50% carnauba bagana + 50% carbonized rice husk; 100% carbonized rice husk and four doses of the humic substance, namely, 0 g L-1; 12.5 g L-1; 25 g L-1; 50 g L-1. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 3x4 factorial with four replicates. There was a significant effect of HS doses and substrate interaction and HS doses on the leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part of seedling seedlings. Root volume was affected in isolation by the factors tested. The interaction responses between the substrate and doses of humic substance infer that they act in different ways on development of seriguela seedlings according to the type of substrate, therefore, it is essential to identify and choose the compiled that favors the best results. There is then a need test other substrates associated with the addition of HS, already known to condition the increase of seriguela seedlings produced by cuttings.

scholarly journals 326 High Root-zone Temperature Inhibits Strawberry Reproductive and Vegetative Growth and Development

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 499B-499
Author(s):  
Melita Marion Biela ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Harry T. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Zone Temperature

High temperatures are reported to promote day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) vegetative growth and development and inhibit floral and fruit development, thereby imposing geographic and temporal limitations on fruit production. Day-neutral strawberry response to air temperature has been researched, but specific responses to temperature in the root zone have not. In a 1998 greenhouse experiment, 60 `Tristar' plants were grown hydroponically in a system of individual, temperature-controlled pots. A randomized complete-block design with constant root-zone treatments of 11, 17, 23, 29, and 35 °C and 12 replications were used. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly lower for plants at 35 °C, compared with plants at all other temperatures. Leaf area and leaf dry mass of plants at 35 °C were five and four times smaller, respectively, than the combined mean for plants in all other treatments. Leaf area of runner tips was 450 and 44.5 cm2 at 11 and 35 °C, respectively, compared with that of plants at all other temperatures, 1552.1 cm2. Fruit dry mass was 14.5, 21.6, 25.5, 29.0, and 3.96 g per plant at 11, 17, 23, 29, and 35 °C, respectively. Root dry mass was highest at 11 and 17 °C and lowest for plants at 35 °C. The number of flowers, fruit, and inflorescences per plant was reduced at 35 °C, as were individual berry fresh mass and diameter. Overall, `Tristar' growth and development were near optimal at 17, 23, and 29 °C.

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