Salinity in rose production

The rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. However, the cultivation systems used for roses often impose salt stress. Saline conditions occur naturally in some regions or by human activity in others with use of low quality water or excessive fertilizer application. In general, roses are considered sensitive to salinity. However, tolerance levels can be different among roses species and cultivars. Therefore, studies are needed that take into account characteristics of each species and how the exposure to salinity occurs. Management of water and nutrients can be important tools for mitigating the effects of high salt concentrations. Also, advances in biotechnology can be used for a better understanding of the physiological responses to salinity and to develop more salt tolerant rose cultivars. Thus, this paper aims to review the progress made and future prospects of salinity tolerance in commercial rose production.

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Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Alfalfa Populations Selected for Salinity Tolerance and Grown in Symbiosis with Salt-Tolerant Rhizobium

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10040569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 569

Author(s):

Annick Bertrand ◽

Craig Gatzke ◽

Marie Bipfubusa ◽

Vicky Lévesque ◽

Francois P. Chalifour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Water Content ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Osmotic Adjustment ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Aromatic Amino Acids ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Salt Tolerant

Alfalfa and its rhizobial symbiont are sensitive to salinity. We compared the physiological responses of alfalfa populations inoculated with a salt-tolerant rhizobium strain, exposed to five NaCl concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mM NaCl). Two initial cultivars, Halo (H-TS0) and Bridgeview (B-TS0), and two populations obtained after three cycles of recurrent selection for salt tolerance (H-TS3 and B-TS3) were compared. Biomass, relative water content, carbohydrates, and amino acids concentrations in leaves and nodules were measured. The higher yield of TS3-populations than initial cultivars under salt stress showed the effectiveness of our selection method to improve salinity tolerance. Higher relative root water content in TS3 populations suggests that root osmotic adjustment is one of the mechanisms of salt tolerance. Higher concentrations of sucrose, pinitol, and amino acid in leaves and nodules under salt stress contributed to the osmotic adjustment in alfalfa. Cultivars differed in their response to recurrent selection: under a 160 mM NaCl-stress, aromatic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) increased in nodules of B-ST3 as compared with B-TS0, while these accumulations were not observed in H-TS3. BCAAs are known to control bacteroid development and their accumulation under severe stress could have contributed to the high nodulation of B-TS3.

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Effects of exogenous proline and trehalose on physiological responses in rice seedlings during salt-stress and after recovery

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/762/2011-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

N. Nounjan ◽

P. Theerakulpisut

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Growth Recovery ◽

Growth Increase ◽

High Level

Two osmoprotectants (proline – Pro; trehalose – Tre) were exogenously supplied to seedlings of rice cvs. Pokkali (PK – salt-tolerant) and Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105 – salt-sensitive) to investigate their effects on plants exposed to 200 mmol/L NaCl for 6 days and 5 days after recovery from stress. The reduction of growth, increase in Na+ to K+ ratio, high level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase – SOD, peroxidase – POX, catalase – CAT and ascorbate peroxidase – APX) were observed in both rice cultivars under NaCl treatments. Exogenous Pro and Tre supplement to NaCl-stressed plants did not mitigate the reduction of growth during salt-stress. Nevertheless, during recovery plants previously supplied with Tre showed markedly higher percentage of growth recovery than those treated with NaCl alone or supplied with Pro. The beneficial effect of Tre on growth recovery was clearly demonstrated in KDML105 in which growth enhancement was related to reduction in Na+ to K+ ratio. Exogenous Pro was able to reduce H2O2 in both cultivars during salt stress whereas Tre could reduce it only in KDML105. Exogenous Tre did not enhance any antioxidant enzymes during stress but enhanced APX activity in KDML105 during recovery. Exogenous Pro enhanced the activity of APX in PK, and POX, CAT and APX in KDML105 during both stress and recovery period.

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Generation of New Salt-Tolerant Wheat Lines and Transcriptomic Exploration of the Responsive Genes to Ethylene and Salt Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42817/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Ma ◽

Huajian Zhou ◽

Xinying Sui ◽

Chunxue Su ◽

Yanchong Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

The World ◽

Antenna Proteins ◽

Wheat Lines

Abstract Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in the world, but is only moderately salt tolerant. However, salt stress affects one-fifth of irrigated agricultural land in the world, it is of great importance to cultivate salt-tolerant varieties to improve the global wheat production. Results: In this study, over 90,000 wheat seeds of cultivar ‘Luyuan502’ were mutated by EMS, and 2000 salt-tolerant lines were harvested from salinized field. By analysis of ethylene sensitivity, salt related physiological factors, and preliminary crop yield, 12 salt-tolerant wheat lines with high production were selected among the crop plants. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a large number of the transcripts levels were significantly altered, mainly based on antenna proteins involved in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cyanoamino acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathways including CABs, PERs/PODs, BGLUs, CYP707s, and ZEPs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of salt-related genes in the wheat lines were mostly higher than the wild type, and salt stress can significantly increase the expression levels of the ethylene-related genes in the wheat lines. Based on transcriptomic data, nine novel wheat ERFs were identified and analyzed, and it is suggested that they may play important roles in mediation of ethylene response and salt tolerance.Conclusion: Salt-tolerant wheat mutant lines with ethylene insensitivity were obtained from screen of a wheat EMS-mutagenized pool. Transcriptome data showed that the mutant plants exhibit significant alterations in the antenna proteins involved in various biological processes. Expression analysis suggests that ERFs may mediate ethylene response and salt tolerance of the wheat lines.

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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis reveal molecular basis of salinity tolerance in a novel strong salt-tolerant rice landrace Changmaogu

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-019-0360-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bing-Rui Sun ◽

Chong-Yun Fu ◽

Zhi-Lan Fan ◽

Yu Chen ◽

Wen-Feng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Transcriptomic Sequencing ◽

Rice Landrace

Abstract Background Salt stress is an important factor that limits rice yield. We identified a novel, strongly salt tolerant rice landrace called Changmaogu (CMG) collected from a coastal beach of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The salt tolerance of CMG was much better than that of the international recognized salt tolerant rice cultivar Pokkali in the germination and seedling stages. Results To understand the molecular basis of salt tolerance in CMG, we performed BSA-seq for two extreme bulks derived from the cross between CMG and a cultivar sensitive to salt, Zhefu802. Transcriptomic sequencing was conducted for CMG at the germination and young seedling stages. Six candidate regions for salt tolerance were mapped on Chromosome 1 by BSA-seq using the extreme populations. Based on the polymorphisms identified between both parents, we detected 32 genes containing nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and frameshift mutations in the open reading frame (ORF) regions. With transcriptomic sequencing, we detected a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the germination and seedling stages under salt stress. KEGG analysis indicated two of 69 DEGs shared at the germination and seedling stages were significantly enriched in the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis. Of the 169 overlapping DEGs among three sample points at the seedling stage, 13 and six DEGs were clustered into the pathways of ABA signal transduction and carotenoid biosynthesis, respectively. Of the 32 genes carrying sequence variation, only OsPP2C8 (Os01g0656200) was differentially expressed in the young seedling stage under salt stress and also showed sequence polymorphism in the ORFs between CMG and Zhefu802. Conclusion OsPP2C8 was identified as the target candidate gene for salinity tolerance in the seedling stage. This provides an important genetic resource for the breeding of novel salt tolerant rice cultivars.

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Responses of Cherry Plant Grafted onto CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard Rootstocks to Short Term Salinity

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v7i3.15114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Servet Aras ◽

Ahmet Eşitken

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Current Experiment ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Permeability Measurement ◽

Short Term

Salt stress is a common environmental challenge that adversely affects plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of plants to short term salinity. In the current experiment, we investigated morphological and physiological responses of a cherry cultivar (0900 Ziraat) grafted onto three rootstocks (CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard) to 35 mM NaCl stress. After one month, salt stress decreased plant growth of cherry plants. Rootstock, scion and shoot diameters and shoot length significantly decreased with salinity. The higher decrease in membrane permeability under salt stress was found in 0900/MaxMa 14 by 41%. 0900/Mazzard had the highest decline in LRWC by 15%. The results obtained demonstrate that a higher tolerance to short term salt stress was found in 0900 Ziraat grafted onto Mazzard is associated with: lower depression in plant growth, less decrease in chlorophyll content and more stability in cell membranes determined in membrane permeability measurement. Furthermore, the results showed that in the short term, cherry can be considered salt tolerant.

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Differential Physiological Responses to Salt Stress between Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Tolerant japonica Rice Cultivars at the Post-Germination and Seedling Stages

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2433

Author(s):

Shenghai Ye ◽

Zhibo Huang ◽

Guibin Zhao ◽

Rongrong Zhai ◽

Jing Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Uptake Rates ◽

Net Uptake ◽

Germination Stage

Soil salinity is a key source of abiotic stress in the cultivation of rice. In this study, two currently cultivated japonica rice species—Zhegeng 78 (salt-tolerant) and Zhegeng 99 (salt-sensitive)—with similar backgrounds were identified and used to investigate their differential responses to salt stress at the post-germination and seedling stages. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of OsSOS1, OsHAK1, and OsHAK5 at the post-germination stage, and the expression of OsHKT1,1, OsHTK2,1, and OsHAK1 at the seedling stage, were significantly higher in the salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 compared with those of the salt-sensitive Zhegeng 99 under salt stress. The significantly lower Na+ net uptake rate at the post-germination and higher K+ net uptake rates at the post-germination and seedling stages were observed in the salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 compared with those of the salt-sensitive Zhegeng 99 under salt stress. Significantly higher activity of peroxidase (POD) and the lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation were observed in the salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 compared with those of salt-sensitive Zhegeng 99 under salt stress at the seeding stage. The salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 might be valuable in future cultivation in salinity soils.

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Salt Tolerant Gossypium hirsutum L. Cultivars are Mostly Long-Staple Length Cultivars

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1210602/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel Predeepa ◽

Ranjith Kumar ◽

George C. Abraham ◽

T. S. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Staple Length

Abstract Background: Cotton is a major cash crop in the global and, in particular, the Indian markets, playing an important economic role in the textile and oil industries. The cotton plant is one of the highly bred plants that is highly sensitive to salt stress. As cotton is a non-food crop, the availability of non-saline terrain and water for the cultivation of cotton plants is only next to other food crops, thereby posing a need to better understand the salt tolerance of this plant. Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars MCU 5, LRA 5166, and SVPR 2 were selected based on exomorphic traits like staple length and cropping season so that the genotypic responses to salt stress and salt shock can be compared for interpreting the effects of salinity on in vitro germination. Thus, this study aims to establish genotypic dependence on salinity tolerance. Results: The results affirmed genotypic variation in salinity tolerance, with MCU 5 tolerating salt stress better than LRA 5166 and SVPR 2 in all the observed stages of growth of the plant and the parameters measured. Further salt-tolerant cotton varieties were observed to be long-staple length varieties; staple length is the fiber character of the cotton lint. Moreover, salt tolerance in the vegetative growth stage of cotton plants is not independent of the germination stage of the plant.Conclusion: Nevertheless, the correlation of genotypic dependence to morphological characteristics, in particular, staple length (and cropping season), is of agronomic and commercial significance. Further research by screening and investigating a greater number of cultivars using biochemical and molecular techniques will provide a better understanding of this observed phenotypical relationship to the genotypes of cotton cultivars under salt stress.

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Phenotypic and physiological responses of two willow varieties to salt stress

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.2014.977548 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (1-4) ◽

pp. 73-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Huwei Yuan ◽

Min Li ◽

Yujuan Li ◽

Xiangjian Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Ion Selectivity ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Timber Tree ◽

Salix Matsudana ◽

Phenotypic Development

Willows are one of the most important landscaping, biofuel, and raw timber tree species in the world. Cultivating fast-growing, salt-tolerant willow varieties is an effective way to balance wood supply and demand in China. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of the phenotypic development and physiological responses of two willow varieties, Salix L0911 (L0911) and Salix matsudana (SM), to salt stress. L0911 developed more biomass than SM and demonstrated higher tolerance to long-term exposures to NaCl-salinity. The two varieties demonstrated similar trends of physiological changes under salt stress, but the extent of the induced responses were higher in L0911, suggesting the involvement of specific responses in the salt-tolerant mechanism. Specifically, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, soluble proteins and proline contents were higher in L0911 compared to SM, and the content of malondialdehyde and Na+ and Na+/K+ ratios were lower, demonstrating that the improved tolerance to salinity in L0911 is based on antioxidant response and improved ion selectivity.

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Overexpression of a Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 Gene DgMBF1 Improves the Salinity Tolerance of Chrysanthemum

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20102453 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 2453

Author(s):

Qian Zhao ◽

Ling He ◽

Bei Wang ◽

Qinglin Liu ◽

Yuanzhi Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Research Direction ◽

Important Research ◽

Wild Type ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Major Constraint ◽

High Salt Stress ◽

Important Research Direction

Soil salinity represents a major constraint in the growth of chrysanthemum. Therefore, improving salinity tolerance of chrysanthemum has become an important research direction in tolerance breeding. Multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1) is an evolutionarily highly conserved transcriptional co-activator in archaea and eukaryotes and has been reported to play important roles to respond to abiotic stresses. Here, a MBF1 gene induced by salt stress was isolated and functionally characterized from Dendranthema grandiflorum and name as DgMBF1. Overexpression of DgMBF1 in chrysanthemum increased the tolerance of plants to high salt stress compared to wild type (WT). It also showed fewer accumulations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, more content of proline and soluble sugar (SS) and more favorable K+/Na+ ratio than those of WT under salt stress. In addition, the expression level of genes related to antioxidant biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, glyco-metabolism and K+/Na+ homeostasis was statistically significant higher in the DgMBF1-overexpressed lines than that in WT. These results demonstrated that DgMBF1 is a positive regulator in response to salt stress and could serve as a new candidate gene for salt-tolerant plant breeding.

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Application of SSR Technique for the Identification of Markers Linked to Salinity Tolerance in Rice

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v19i2.16929 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 57-65

Author(s):

MH Kabir ◽

MM Islam ◽

SN Begum ◽

AC Manidas

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Phenotypic Screening ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Marker Assisted Breeding ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Rice Landrace ◽

Salt Susceptible

A cross was made between high yielding salt susceptible BINA variety (Binadhan-5) with salt tolerant rice landrace (Harkuch) to identify salt tolerant rice lines. Thirty six F3 rice lines of Binadhan-5 x Harkuch were tested for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage in hydroponic system using nutrient solution. In F3 population, six lines were found as salt tolerant and 10 lines were moderately tolerant based on phenotypic screening at the seedling stage. Twelve SSR markers were used for parental survey and among them three polymorphic SSR markers viz., OSR34, RM443 and RM169 were selected to evaluate 26 F3 rice lines for salt tolerance. With respect to marker OSR34, 15 lines were identified as salt tolerant, 9 lines were susceptible and 2 lines were heterozygous. While RM443 identified 3 tolerant, 14 susceptible and 9 heterozygous rice lines. Eight tolerant, 11 susceptible and 7 heterozygous lines were identified with the marker RM169. Thus the tested markers could be efficiently used for tagging salt tolerant genes in marker-assisted breeding programme.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16929 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 57 - 65, 2008

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