scholarly journals Emission Spectroscopy During High-Current Anode Modes in Vacuum Arc

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
A. Khakpour ◽  
R. Methling ◽  
St. Franke ◽  
S. Gortschakow ◽  
D. Uhrlandt
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Anode Surface ◽  
High Current ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vacuum Interrupter ◽  
Ionic Copper ◽  
Current Zero

A vacuum interrupter reaches its interruption limit once high-current anode phenomena occur. High-current anode modes lead to an increase of the anode surface temperature and an increased generation of metal vapor, which may result in a weakening of the dielectric recovery strength after current zero. In this work, different discharge modes in a vacuum arc for AC 50 Hz including diffuse, footpoint, anode spot type 1 and type 2, and anode plume are investigated. Electrodes made of CuCr7525 with diameter of 10 mm are used. The final gap length is about 20 mm. Time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of atomic and ionic copper lines. The distribution of atomic and ionic lines parallel and perpendicular to the anode surface is investigated. Radiator density is also determined for CuI, CuII, and CuIII near the anode surface.

Measurement of Transient Temperature Distribution at Anode Surface After Current Zero in Vacuum Interrupter

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 712-717
Author(s):  
Akira Daibo ◽  
Yoshimitsu Niwa ◽  
Naoki Asari ◽  
Wataru Sakaguchi ◽  
Yo Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Anode Surface ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Interrupter ◽  
Transient Temperature Distribution ◽  
Current Zero

scholarly journals Post-Arc Characteristics of High-Current Arcs in Vacuum Circuit-Breakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
N. Wenzel ◽  
W. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
High Current ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Arc Characteristics ◽  
Current Zero ◽  
Short Circuit Currents

The post-arc (PA) characteristics of vacuum arcs in transverse magnetic field contacts are studied for short-circuit currents of up to 123 kA peak and transient recovery voltages below 875 V. The measured PA currents are interpreted in terms of an Electric Resistance Model and the models of Andrews-Varey, Langmuir-Child, and Slepian-Schmelzle. Whereas in the late PA period, the calculations do not agree well with the measurements, the PA behavior is well described in the early period after current-zero. It is concluded that the PA discharge is amplified by ionization of metal vapor particles in the boundary sheath due to electron impact.

Performance of a high‐current metal vapor vacuum arc ion source

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3775-3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Shiraishi ◽  
Ian G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
High Current

scholarly journals Application of optical emission spectroscopy to high current proton sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 012033 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Castro ◽  
M Mazzaglia ◽  
D Nicolosi ◽  
D Mascali ◽  
R Reitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Current

Pattern Evolution of NiSi2 on Si Surface upon High Current Pulsed Ni Ion Implantation

2000 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Q. Cheng ◽  
H.N. Zhu ◽  
B.X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
High Current ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Si Wafer

AbstractFractal pattern evolution of NiSi2 grains on a Si surface was induced by high current pulsed Ni ion implantation into Si wafer using metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. The fractal dimension of the patterns was found to correlate with the temperature rise of the Si substrate caused by the implanting Ni ion beam. With increasing of the substrate temperature, the fractal dimensions were determined to increase from less than 1.64, to beyond the percolation threshold of 1.88, and eventually up to 2.0, corresponding to a uniform layer with fine NiSi2 grains. The growth kinetics of the observed surface fractals was also discussed in terms of a special launching mechanism of the pulsed Ni ion beam into the Si substrate.

A Microscopic Study of Before-Arc Process in Metal Vapor Plasmas Proximal Cathode Region. Part I Formation of the Proximal Cathode Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 1339-1342
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Qiu Ting Yu ◽  
Yun Dong Cao ◽  
Xiao Ming Liu ◽  
Chong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Cathode Region ◽  
Plasma Sheath ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Anode Surface ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Metal vapor arc in vacuum breaker is a very complex phenomena and the researches on the process of arc creating are the effective method to improve breaking ability. By the theoretical study and numerical simulation, exploring the formation of plasma sheath near the cathode, charged particles energy distribution and influence elements in before-arc process are the fundamentals of this paper. Before-arc process is the fundermental of arc energy and the proximal cathode region is the important area for vacuum arc forming, so before-arc process of metal vapor arc was simulated here. The modification to electron motion produced by the interaction between charged particles and plane electrodes and both elastic and charge exchange collisions between electrons and neutral gases were considered here. The copper cross section adopted here was related to the particle energy. The tracks of electrons were traced until they reached to the anode surface. Based on this method, the formation of proximal cathode region and some microscopic parameters were simulated here. The results show that the collision between charged particles with the electrodes is the necessary condition in proximal cathode regions formation.

Diagnostics of pulsed vacuum arc discharges by optical emission spectroscopy and electrostatic double-probe measurements

Vacuum ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. García ◽  
E. Restrepo ◽  
H. Jiménez ◽  
H.A. Castillo ◽  
R. Ospina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Double Probe ◽  
Arc Discharges ◽  
Probe Measurements

scholarly journals Determination of Cr Density in the Active Phase of a High-current Vacuum Arcs

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gortschakow ◽  
A. Khakpour ◽  
S. Popov ◽  
St. Franke ◽  
R. Methling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
State Density ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Anode Surface ◽  
High Current ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Broadband Absorption ◽  
Vapour Density

Melting and evaporation of the anode surface strongly influence the interruption capability of vacuum circuit breakers, because they lead to injection of atomic vapour into the inter-electrode gap. Determination of the vapour density and its dynamics with respect to different anode phenomena is therefore of great importance. Results of Cr density measurements in a high-current vacuum arc by using broadband absorption spectroscopy are presented. The vapour density of atomic Cr is determined after the formation of anode spots as well as close to the current zero. Cr I resonance lines at 425.43 nm have been used for the analysis. An AC current pulse with maximum value of 7 kA and a frequency of 100 Hz is applied to a vacuum arc between two cylindrical butt electrodes made of CuCr7525 with a diameter of 10 mm. The high-current anode modes are observed by means of high-speed camera imaging. The temporal evolution of the Cr ground state density is presented and discussed.

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