scholarly journals Impact of the Metal Evaporation Rate in Vacuum Interrupters on Vapor Expansion and Deposition in Vacuum

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
A. E. Geisler ◽  
N. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
High Current ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Metal Vapour ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Vacuum Interrupter ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Metal Evaporation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interaction History

The emission of contact material into vacuum after switching operation of a vacuum interrupter is crucial for the metallisation of the ceramic surfaces. This work focuses on the simulation of various regimes of metal vapour pressure using an extended version of an existing DSMC code that now allows the visualisation of the interaction types and locations during the vapour expansion. The model was applied to a typical vacuum interrupter geometry at different current levels between 3 A and 100 kA. The simulations show that in the low current case the likelihood for a particle hitting a ceramic surface can be more than a factor of 5 higher than in the high current case. An explanation of this observation will be given by analysing the interaction history of the respective particles.

scholarly journals Laser Use in Creating Orthodontic Adhesion to Ceramic Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2512
Author(s):  
Anca Labunet ◽  
Andreea Kui ◽  
Sorina Sava
Keyword(s):  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Ti:Sapphire Lasers ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
Ceramic Crowns

Orthodontists must sometimes bond attachments to ceramic crowns, by using one of the surface preparations available, such as sandblasting or acid etching with hydrofluoric acid. Research shows that different laser systems may also be used for this purpose. The aim of this review is to determine which laser type and modality of use is the most effective in increasing shear bond strength of brackets bonded to ceramic surfaces. Two independent researchers studied the current literature 1990–2018 and selected original articles focusing on in vitro research on laser use for ceramic surface preparation for bonding metallic or ceramic attachments. Twelve articles have met the criteria and have been thoroughly revised, focusing on 2 fractional, Nd:Yag, Er:Yag, femtosecond and Ti:Sapphire lasers. There is little difference shown by the current studies between ceramic types and information on orthodontic bonding to non-feldspathic ceramics is scarce. Femtosecond laser is a good alternative to classical surface preparation with hydrofluoric acid. Nd:Yag laser is more suitable for surface preparation of ceramics than different types of Er:Yag lasers. Difference in laser power may achieve different results, but the golden standard for lasers use has not been found. Laser usage does not obtain the same results as hydrofluoric acid and cannot, so far, eliminate its application.

Word Order in Old and Middle English

Diachronica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Westergaard
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Major Parameter ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mixed Systems

In the history of English one finds a mixture of V2 and non-V2 word order in declaratives for several hundred years, with frequencies suggesting a relatively gradual development in the direction of non-V2. Within an extended version of a cue-based approach to acquisition and change, this paper argues that there are many possible V2 grammars, differing from each other with respect to clause types, information structure, and the behavior of specific lexical elements. This variation may be formulated in terms of micro-cues. Child language data from present-day mixed systems show that such grammars are acquired early. The apparent optionality of V2 in the history of English may thus be considered to represent several different V2 grammars in succession, and it is not necessary to refer to competition between two major parameter settings. Diachronic language development can thus be argued to occur in small steps, reflecting the loss of micro-cues, and giving the impression that change is gradual.

scholarly journals ICL light in a z~0.5 cluster: the MUSE perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (S321) ◽  
pp. 336-338
Author(s):  
E. Pompei ◽  
C. Adami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ram Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intracluster Light ◽  
Interaction History ◽  
Intermediate Redshift

AbstractIntracluster light is contributed by both stars and gas and it is an important tracer of the interaction history of galaxies within a cluster. We present here the results obtained from MUSE observations of an intermediate redshift (z~ 0.5) cluster taken from the XXL survey and we conclude that the most plausible process responsible for the observed amount of ICL is ram pressure stripping.

scholarly journals Anonymously Establishing Digital  Provenance in Reseller Chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Benjamin Philip Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Security Analysis ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Model Checker ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Provenance Information ◽  
Security Properties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sequential Processes ◽  
A Chain

<p>An increasing number of products are exclusively digital items, such as media files, licenses, services, or subscriptions. In many cases customers do not purchase these items directly from the originator of the product but through a reseller instead. Examples of some well known resellers include GoDaddy, the iTunes music store, and Amazon. This thesis considers the concept of provenance of digital items in reseller chains. Provenance is defined as the origin and ownership history of an item. In the context of digital items, the origin of the item refers to the supplier that created it and the ownership history establishes a chain of ownership from the supplier to the customer. While customers and suppliers are concerned with the provenance of the digital items, resellers will not want the details of the transactions they have taken part in made public. Resellers will require the provenance information to be anonymous and unlinkable to prevent third parties building up large amounts of information on the transactions of resellers. This thesis develops security mechanisms that provide customers and suppliers with assurances about the provenance of a digital item, even when the reseller is untrusted, while providing anonymity and unlinkability for resellers . The main contribution of this thesis is the design, development, and analysis of the tagged transaction protocol. A formal description of the problem and the security properties for anonymously providing provenance for digital items in reseller chains are defined. A thorough security analysis using proofs by contradiction shows the protocol fulfils the security requirements. This security analysis is supported by modelling the protocol and security requirements using Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and the Failures Divergences Refinement (FDR) model checker. An extended version of the tagged transaction protocol is also presented that provides revocable anonymity for resellers that try to conduct a cloning attack on the protocol. As well as an analysis of the security of the tagged transaction protocol, a performance analysis is conducted providing complexity results as well as empirical results from an implementation of the protocol.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of different etching methods and bonding procedures on shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets applied to different CAD/CAM ceramic materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kutalmış Buyuk ◽  
Ahmet Serkan Kucukekenci
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic metal brackets applied to different types of ceramic surfaces treated with different etching procedures and bonding agents. Materials and Methods: Monolithic CAD/CAM ceramic specimens (N = 120; n = 40 each group) of feldspathic ceramic Vita Mark II, resin nanoceramic Lava Ultimate, and hybrid ceramic Vita Enamic were fabricated (14 × 12 × 3 mm). Ceramic specimens were separated into four subgroups (n = 10) according to type of surface treatment and bonding onto the ceramic surface. Within each group, four subgroups were prepared by phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, Transbond XT primer, and Clearfill Ceramic primer. Mandibular central incisor metal brackets were bonded with light-cure composite. The SBS data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The highest SBS was found in the Vita Enamic group, which is a hybrid ceramic, etched with hydrofluoric acid and applied Transbond XT Adhesive primer (7.28 ± 2.49 MPa). The lowest SBS was found in the Lava Ultimate group, which is a resin nano-ceramic etched with hydrofluoric acid and applied Clearfill ceramic primer (2.20 ± 1.21 MPa). Conclusions: CAD/CAM material types and bonding procedures affected bond strength (P &lt; .05), but the etching procedure did not (P &gt; .05). The use of Transbond XT as a primer bonding agent resulted in higher SBS.

scholarly journals Ancient fingerprints from Beit Nattif: studying Late Roman clay impressions on oil lamps and figurines

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (361) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Lichtenberger ◽  
Kimberlee S. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Late Roman

Analysis of oil lamps and clay figurines recovered from a Late Roman ceramics workshop at Beit Nattif in Israel has revealed numerous fragments with evidence of the manufacturer's fingerprints preserved on some of the ceramic surfaces. Further study of these fingerprints has provided a unique insight into the production history of the workshop, even showing how particular innovations in technique may be associated with particular individuals.

scholarly journals Ezetimibe: An Unusual Suspect in Angioedema

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Lu ◽  
Tarundeep Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
African American Female ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Inhibitor Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Esterase Inhibitor

We describe a case of new onset angioedema likely due to Ezetimibe therapy in an elderly patient with a prior history of drug-induced bradykinin reactions who had been on the medication for multiple years. This is the second reported incidence of Ezetimibe-associated angioedema in literature. A 90-year-old African American female presented with angioedema of the face and oral mucosa with associated difficulty speaking developing hours after taking Ezetimibe 10 mg PO. She denied adding any new or unusual foods to her diet. A thorough clinical history determined Ezetimibe was the likely culprit. Ezetimibe was immediately discontinued. The swelling subsided after administration of methylprednisolone 125 mg, epinephrine 1 mg/mL, injection 0.3 mL, diphenhydramine 25 mg, and famotidine 20 mg BID within 48 hours. The patient’s C1 esterase inhibitor level was measured to be within normal limits. Food panel allergy testing showed very low or undetectable IgE levels in all categories. Based on the limited reports in literature and our current case, we conclude that there is a likely association of angioedema with Ezetimibe. The mechanism, however, is unknown since it is not related to bradykinin or mast cell-mediated activation. Clinicians should advise patients taking Ezetimibe to report any swelling of the lips, face, and tongue and to immediately discontinue its use if these signs are present.

scholarly journals Discovery of the Odderon by TOTEM experiments and the FMO approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Evgenij Martynov ◽  
Basarab Nicolescu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Precise Formulation ◽  
Wide Interval ◽  
History Of

This paper is an extended version of the talk by B. Nicolescu at the XLVIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD2018) at Singapore, 3-7 September, 2018. Theoretical basis and history of the Froissaron and Maximal Odderon (FMO) approach for elastic pp and $ \bar {p} $ p scattering is presented. Precise formulation of the FMO model at any momentum transfer squared t is given. The model is applied to description and analysis of the experimental data in a wide interval of energy $ \sqrt s $ and t. The special attention is given for the latest TOTEM data at 13 TeV, both at t = 0 and at t ≠ 0 and to their interpretation in the FMO model. It is emphasized that the last TOTEM results can be considered as clear evidence for the first experimental observation of the Odderon, predicted theoretically about 50 years ago.

scholarly journals Severe refractory thrombocytopenia in a woman positive for coronavirus disease 2019 with lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Hayden ◽  
Aishwarya Vyas-Lahar ◽  
Vincent Rella ◽  
Alla Rudinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Scattered Data ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created new challenges that necessitate prompt responses in unexpected clinical situations. Multiple extrapulmonary manifestations and complications of COVID-19 have already been described, but only scattered data are present on immunologic manifestations. We present a case of severe refractory thrombocytopenia in a 51-year-old woman with a history of long-standing systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome who presented with hemoptysis in the setting of COVID-19 infection. The patient failed to respond to initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose steroids, and platelet transfusion, but responded to eltrombopag, with prompt improvement of a platelet count. The current case report provides clinical data of relevance to the largely unexplored question of the immunologic complications of COVID-19 in patients with a pre-existing inflammatory state.

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