scholarly journals First description of a type v osteogenesis imperfecta clinical case with severe skeletal deformities caused by a mutation p.119C> T in IFITM5 gene in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Grebennikova ◽  
Alina O. Gavrilova ◽  
Anatoly N. Tiulpakov ◽  
Natalya V. Tarbaeva ◽  
Zhanna E. Belaya ◽  
...  

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder. Main clinical manifestations include recurring pathological fractures and progressive skeletal deformation. Five types of OI are distinguished based on clinical symptoms. In most cases, the disease is caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, leading to a defect of type 1 collagen synthesis, which is the main component of the bone matrix. Up to 5% of patients with OI have a mutation in IFITM5 gene, which leads to the development of OI type V. Approximately 150 cases of the OI type V are described in the literature, and mutation c.-14C T in IFITM5 gene is found in most of the cases. Only 5 patients have a c.119C T: p.S40L.mutation. Pathogenesis of OI type V is not fully understood. It is assumed that mutations in the IFITM5 gene cause impaired osteoblastogenesis, decreased bone mineral density and multiple low-traumatic fractures. There is probably a phenotype-genotypic correlation in cases with different mutations of the IFITM5. However, it is currently difficult to assess the relationship in view of the variability of the characters and the low prevalence of the OI type V. We present the first description in Russia of the clinical case of an adult patient with OI type V due to a rare mutation p.119C T: p.S40L in the IFITM5 gene.

Author(s):  
V.M. Husiev ◽  
◽  
D.S. Khapchenkova ◽  
V.E. Kleban ◽  
◽  
...  

Acrocephalosyndactyly (ACS) is a group of multiple malformations, the main clinical manifestations of which are acrocephaly and syndactyly. The most common forms are Apert (type I), Pfeiffer (type V), Setra–Hotzen (type II) syndromes. Apert syndrome is the most explored and common form of all types of ACS and Apert syndrome is estimated to occur in 1 in: 100 000 newborns. The syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. If the gene is carried by one of the parents, the risk of having a child with Apert syndrome is 50%. The syndrome genome (FGFR2) is located on the long arm of chromosome 10 at locus 10q26. Apert syndrome occurs due to mutations at this locus, but the children karyotype is not changed. The pathognomonic clinical signs of Apert syndrome are craniofacial dysostosis and symmetrical syndactyly of the hands and feet. Acrocephaly («tower skull») — is a consequence of early synostosis of some sutures of the skull. Orbital hypertelorism and exophthalmos are referred to typical facial changes. Among other abnormalities there are heart and vascular defects (25%), cleft palate, malformations of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical symptoms. No treatment has been developed. Life expectancy is short. Purpose — to present a clinical case of a newborn with Apert syndrome. Clinical case. Apert syndrome was suspected prenatally, confirmed after birth. The newborn girl had the characteristic signs of the above-described pathology: «tower head», hypertelorism, saddle bridge of the nose, closed large fontanelle, phalanges of the first finger were wide, the proximal phalanx was triangular, complete cutaneous syndactyly of the II–IV fingers was observed symmetrical on both upper extremities; on the lower extremities — thickening of the proximal phalanges of the big toes, complete cutaneous syndactyly of the II–IV toes. Conclusions. The article describes a clinical case of a child with Apert syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis takes one of the leading places in confirming genetic abnormalities, determining the prognosis for life. Genetic counseling for parents is necessary and important at all stages of pregnancy planning. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Apert syndrome, children, prenatal diagnosis.


Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Olga O. Golounina ◽  
Gyuzel E. Runova ◽  
Valentin V. Fadeyev

Osteoporosis is the most common cause of low bone mineral density (BMD) and low-traumatic fractures in adults. However, differential diagnosis should also consider other causes of decreased BMD, including osteomalacia, as treatment for these conditions vary significantly. Osteomalacia is a systemic disorder characterized by decrease in bone strength due to of excessive accumulation of non-mineralized osteoid and uncoupling between bone matrix formation and mineralization. Osteomalacia in adults mostly develops due to severe vitamin D deficiency of any etiology, less often along with kidney pathology, mesenchymal tumors secreting fibroblast growth factor 23 or hereditary metabolic bone diseases. Clinical symptoms of osteomalacia are nonspecific and mostly manifest by generalized diffuse bone pain, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities and often go unnoticed at initial stage of the disease. Histomorphometric examination is the most accurate method of the diagnosis, which allows assessment of bone formation rate and calcification. The utmost priority of the treatment of osteomalacia of any etiology is the elimination of vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and prevention of bone deformities progression and muscle hypotension.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Nijhuis ◽  
D. M. Eastwood ◽  
J. Allgrove ◽  
I. Hvid ◽  
H. H. Weinans ◽  
...  

The majority of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene, which has consequences for the composition of the bone matrix and bone architecture. The mutations result in overmodified collagen molecules, thinner collagen fibres and hypermineralization of bone tissue at a bone matrix level. Trabecular bone in OI is characterized by a lower trabecular number and connectivity as well as a lower trabecular thickness and volumetric bone mass. Cortical bone shows a decreased cortical thickness with less mechanical anisotropy and an increased pore percentage as a result of increased osteocyte lacunae and vascular porosity. Most OI patients have mutations at different locations in the COL1 gene. Disease severity in OI is probably partly determined by the nature of the primary collagen defect and its location with respect to the C-terminus of the collagen protein. The overall bone biomechanics result in a relatively weak and brittle structure. Since this is a result of all of the above-­mentioned factors as well as their interactions, there is ­considerable variation between patients, and accurate prediction on bone strength in the individual patient with OI is difficult. Current treatment of OI focuses on adequate vitamin-D levels and interventions in the bone turnover cycle with bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density, but the evidence on improvement of clinical status remains limited. Effects of newer drugs such as antibodies against RANKL and sclerostin are currently under investigation. This paper was written under the guidance of the Study Group Genetics and Metabolic Diseases of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Yakhyaeva ◽  
◽  
T.V. Margieva ◽  
L.S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
K.V. Savost'yanov ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
D.S. Khapchenkova ◽  
◽  
S.О. Dubyna ◽  

Аutoinflammatory diseases or syndromes (HAIDS) have attracted practical and scientific interest. This group of pathologies is united by similar clinical symptoms in the form of periodic fever, systemic inflammation and other clinical syndromes. PFAPA — syndrome or Marshall's syndrome is one of the most common representatives of this group of diseases. РFАРА syndrome (Marshall's syndrome) is considered an autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology and not fully studied pathogenesis. Gene mutations, family inheritance and the modifying role of persistent intracellular infections are considered as the causes of development. Genetically determined immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation, the presence of immune dysregulation play a role in the pathogenesis of Marshall's syndrome. The incidence and prevalence of this condition in the pediatric population are unknown. The pathology is characteristic of early childhood, the syndrome is characterized periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis and cervical adenitis. Patients do not have disturbances in well-being between episodes, pathognomonic laboratory changes, have normal growth and development indicators. The syndrome occurs in children under 5 years, disappears in adolescence, has good+quality current, the treatment of which is the administration of corticosteroids. The pathology has no specific biological markers, so the diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations, a thorough analysis of the history and the exclusion of other possible causes of recurrence fever. Purpose: to highlight the complexity of the diagnosis of PFAPA–syndrome. Clinical case. The article describes own clinical case of a child with Marshall's syndrome. Recurrent attacks of fever with a specific frequency in combination with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis, the absence of specific laboratory changes and the positive effect of the corticosteroids treatment it possible to diagnose the above diagnosis. Conclusion. Literature data and the above clinical case indicate the difficulty of diagnosing this syndrome, long-term irrational drug treatment without clinical effect. So physicians in many specialties need to remember the need for a detailed survey of patients and parents, pay attention to the time and frequency of symptoms described above, and their combinations, if Marshall's syndrome is suspected do not be afraid to prescribe glucocorticosteroids for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Keywords: Marshall's syndrome, children, periodic fever, corticosteroids.


2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zejia Lin ◽  
Jican Zeng ◽  
Xinjia Wang

Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited connective tissue disorder with a broad clinical spectrum that can overlap with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). To date, patients with both OI and EDS have rarely been reported. In the present study, we investigated a family with four members, one healthy individual, one displaying OI only, and two displaying the compound phenotype of OI and EDS, and identified the pathogenic mutations. Whole exome sequencing was applied to the proband and her brother. To verify that the mutations were responsible for the pathogenesis, conventional Sanger sequencing was performed for all members of the family. We identified a known COL1A1 (encoding collagen type I α 1 chain) mutation (c.2010delT, p.Gly671Alafs*95) in all three patients (the proband, her brother, and her mother) in this family, but also a novel heterozygous COL5A1 (encoding collagen type V α 1 chain) mutation (c.5335A>G, p.N1779D) in the region encoding the C-terminal propeptide domain in the proband and her mother, who both had the compound phenotype of OI and EDS. The results of the present study suggested that the proband and her mother presented with the compound OI–EDS phenotype caused by pathogenic mutations in COL5A1 and COL1A1.


Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blel Ferdaous ◽  
Hachfi Haifa ◽  
Brahem Mouna ◽  
Mouhamed Younes

Abstract Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited connective tissue disorder including various skeletal manifestations. Bone fragility, vertebral body malformation and length lower limbs inequality are often responsible for orthopedic complications. The aim of our study was to determine orthopedic complications of OI and to specify management modalities in rheumatology. Methods We conduct a retrospective study based on the files of children referred to the rheumatology departement over the last 15 years, for treatment of OI. The evaluation was clinical and radiological. Clinical examination included joint and spine assessment. An X-ray of the spine and painful joints associated with a quantitative densitometry were requested. Results Five patients were collected, their mean age was 9 years. All patients had peripheral fracture. Joint assessment revealed a flessum of the elbow and a reduction of the motion of hip in 40% of cases. Scoliosis was noted also in 40% of cases. The average of spine Z –score was -3, 4. All children had benefited from oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation associated with cyclic intravenous bisphosphonates and an adapted rehabilitation protocol. Surgical management was often needed in 2 cases. Discussion and Conclusion Orthopedic complications during OI are essentially the consequence of lower bone mineral density which would cause peripheral or vertebral fracture. Indeed, some other factors like length inequality, pelvic obliquity, ligamentous laxity and inter-vertebral disc abnormalities could be involved in scoliotic progression. The management of these skeletal complications must be early and multidisciplinary in order to improve the prognosis and the quality of life of the patient


2016 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
A. S. Kniaziuk

Human dirofilariasis is zoonotic, tissue, imaginal helminthiasis with vector-borne transmission. Over the last decades the prevalence of dirofilariasis has been rising, the invasion area has been increasing and moving further into Republic of Belarus. Its clinical manifestations are different, but dirofilariasis occurs rarely in the urological practice. The article presents a literature review of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment of dirofilariasis and describes a clinical case of dirofilariasis in the urological practice. The diagnosis has been confirmed histologically.


2021 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
O.V. Dutchuk ◽  
◽  
Z.R. Kocherha ◽  
V.M. Voloshynovych ◽  
Yu.I. Alekseeva ◽  
...  

Currently, the problem of diagnosing pleuropulmonary blastoma in children remains relevant, because this pathology often runs under the guise of other nosologies, including pneumonia, and is extremely difficult to diagnose. Currently there are no pathognomonic clinical symptoms, specific diagnostic criteria for this disease, almost 60% of patients have nonspecific symptoms. This article presents a rare clinical case of biphasic pulmonary blastoma in a child who was examined and treated at the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinikal Hospital Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council. The main clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of biphasic blastoma of the lungs in a child based on the observation of a 5-year-old girl who was hospitalized for acute abdominal pain, chest pain and cough. After clinical — laboratory and instrumental methods of examination, right-sided pneumonia and exudative pleurisy were diagnosed. The set of treatment measures did not give the expected positive effect, improving the patient's condition. Additional testing is required for suspected breast cancer. It has been established that the best method for verifying the diagnosis of pulmonary blastoma is multislice computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy. The methods of treatment used in this case, including anti-inflammatory and polychemotherapy according to the scheme, the use of radical treatment at the National Cancer Institute in Kyiv — surgery right pneumonectomy with pericardial resection. The child is currently in stable remission for 4.5 years. The described clinical case demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing lung blastoma in children due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, pneumonia, blastoma, pulmonology, diagnosis, treatment.


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