scholarly journals Clinical case of pulmonary blastoma in a child as a disguise of community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
O.V. Dutchuk ◽  
◽  
Z.R. Kocherha ◽  
V.M. Voloshynovych ◽  
Yu.I. Alekseeva ◽  
...  

Currently, the problem of diagnosing pleuropulmonary blastoma in children remains relevant, because this pathology often runs under the guise of other nosologies, including pneumonia, and is extremely difficult to diagnose. Currently there are no pathognomonic clinical symptoms, specific diagnostic criteria for this disease, almost 60% of patients have nonspecific symptoms. This article presents a rare clinical case of biphasic pulmonary blastoma in a child who was examined and treated at the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinikal Hospital Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council. The main clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of biphasic blastoma of the lungs in a child based on the observation of a 5-year-old girl who was hospitalized for acute abdominal pain, chest pain and cough. After clinical — laboratory and instrumental methods of examination, right-sided pneumonia and exudative pleurisy were diagnosed. The set of treatment measures did not give the expected positive effect, improving the patient's condition. Additional testing is required for suspected breast cancer. It has been established that the best method for verifying the diagnosis of pulmonary blastoma is multislice computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy. The methods of treatment used in this case, including anti-inflammatory and polychemotherapy according to the scheme, the use of radical treatment at the National Cancer Institute in Kyiv — surgery right pneumonectomy with pericardial resection. The child is currently in stable remission for 4.5 years. The described clinical case demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing lung blastoma in children due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, pneumonia, blastoma, pulmonology, diagnosis, treatment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Du ◽  
Jinhong Yu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaoguo Zhang ◽  
Shouwei Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims & Background: The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Retrospectively, two research centers’ case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 to 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children and adults were analyzed and compared.Results: Most cases in children were mild(21.4%) and conventional cases(78.6%), with mild clinical signs and symptoms, and all cases were of family clusters. Fever (35.7%) and dry cough(21.4%) were described as clinical manifestations in children cases. Dry cough and phlegm were not the most common symptoms in children compared with adults(p=0.03). In the early stages of the disease, lymphocyte counts did not significantly decline but neutrophils counts did in children compared with adults(p=0.00).There was an elevated level of LDH(p=0.01) and a lower level of CRP(p=0.00)and IL-6(p=0.01) in children compared with adults. There were 8 (57.1%)asymptomatic cases and 6 (42.9%)symptomatic cases among the 14 children cases. The age of asymptomatic patients was younger than that of symptomatic patients(p=0.03). Even among asymptomatic patients, 5(62.5%)cases had pneumonia including 3 (60%) cases with bilateral pneumonia, which was not different compared with that of asymptomatic cases(p=0.58, p=0.74).Conclusions: The clinical symptoms of children are mild, and the positive indicators of laboratory tests are rare, which may easily cause clinical misdiagnoses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
A. S. Vinokurov ◽  
O. I. Belenkaya ◽  
E. A. Zolotova ◽  
S. V. Michurina ◽  
O. O. Vinokurova ◽  
...  

Due to the current epidemiological situation caused by the spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, in March 2020 several Moscow hospitals were completely or partially redesigned to receive patients with community- acquired pneumonia.Purpose. The aim of the survey is to analyze clinical, laboratory and radiological data in patients with coronavirus infection at the early stages of its spread in Russia, and to clarify diseases for differential diagnosis mainly based on CT evidence.Materials and methods. We studied data from 21 patients with verified coronavirus infection admitted to the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical symptoms, laboratory and physical indicators, as well as typical lung changes on the CT were evaluated.Results. Major clinical symptoms in coronavirus patients are fever (100%), cough (90.5%), shortness of breath (76.1%). Laboratory indicators showed increases in CRP (85.7%), leukocytosis (66.6%), and LDG (84.6%). According to CT, 95.2% of lung changes involved both sides, and 66.7% occurred in all lung fields. The sign of “ground glass” was observed in a 100% of the cases, its combination with the “paving stone” – in 61,9%, “ground glass” coupled with small areas of consolidations were detected in 33,3% of the cases. Changes such as nodules, cavities and massive areas of consolidation were not identified.Conclusion. On the basis of our own data we confirmed the main trends of diagnostics and clinical features, which were identified by authors from Asia and Europe, who faced this infection earlier, and also considered important CT characteristics useful for differential diagnosis of coronavirus lung damage and other lung diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Y. Nechytailo ◽  
N. Popelyuk ◽  
O. Dolzhenko

The goal. Тo analyze the features of treatment and medical expenses in children hospitalized for acute community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods. The study analyzed medical records and examined 51 children aged 2 to 17 months hospitalized for pneumonia. In patients studied clinical symptoms, severity, structure and duration of basic treatment measures, their cost. Results. The duration of inpatient treatment was 13.3±0.62 days with subsequent outpatient treatment and rehabilitation. Antibiotics, antipyretics, antihistamines, mucolytics and corticosteroid hormones were used in the treatment. The total cost of treatment for one case averaged 2346.9±145.7 hryvnias. The most expensive were the costs of antibiotics, and the cheapest - the antipyretics. Given the community-acquired nature of the process, the initial use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins was irrational and significantly increased the cost of treatment. Conclusions. The introduction of a new model of medicine focuses on the optimization of treatment tactics and the rational choice of antibiotics for acute community-acquired pneumonia. In antibacterial therapy is still inadequate, from a clinical and economic point of view, the choice of drugs. In the treatment of this disease, the role of pathogenetic therapy to restore the processes of mucociliary clearance and prevention of dysbiosis on the background of the use of antibiotics has increased.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Dondurey ◽  
L. N. Isankina ◽  
O. I. Afanasyeva ◽  
A. V. Titeva ◽  
T. V. Vishnevskaya ◽  
...  

Objective: to identify the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of the new coronavirus (CV) infection in the provision of specialized medical care to children in the megalopolis of the Russian Federation. Methods: 674 cases of hospitalization of patients from birth to 17 years old inclusive with confirmed COVID-19 in the period from March 26 to June 26, 2020 in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital in St. Petersburg. Diagnostics of SARS-COV-2 in upper respiratory tract (URT) smears was carried out by PCR (a set of reagents for detecting RNA of coronavirus 2019-nCoV by PCR with hybridization-fluorescence detection “Vector-PCRRV-2019-nCoV-RG”). Patients underwent 4 (3; 5) repeated examinations depending on the diagnosis of the referral, as well as the duration of the convalescent virus carriage. The analysis of the severity of the course of the disease, the main clinical manifestations and their relationship with the development of pneumonia, as well as the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in children. The duration of inpatient treatment, outcomes and the need for intensive care are described. Changes in a number of laboratory parameters on analyzers made in the USA were assessed: a clinical blood test on a hematological one - Coulter UniCel (Beckman Coulter), a biochemical blood test on a biochemical one - Uni Cel DxC (Beckman Coulter), a coagulogram on a hemostasis analyzer (Instrumentation Laboratory). Results: Overall, there was a favorable course of COVID-19 in children. Intensive therapy was required only in 3.6% of cases with a total mortality rate of 0.15%, Kawasakilike syndrome was recorded in 0.3% of cases. In 1/3 of patients, prolonged viral shedding from the upper respiratory tract was detected. In children, intrafamilial infection from adults was in the lead; schoolchildren accounted for half of all hospitalizations. A distinctive feature of the new infection was mild clinical symptoms with fever and catarrhal symptoms up to 4/5 of cases, gastrointestinal symptoms - in every third patient. There were no significant differences in the severity of the disease by age. Pneumonia, diagnosed in ¾ cases by computed tomography, complicated the course in 13.1% of cases. The defeat of the lungs was accompanied by fever and dry cough, and in a more severe course: desaturation, chest pains, a feeling of insufficiency of inspiration. The age peaks of the incidence of pneumonia were revealed: at 4, 9, 12 years old and at the age of 17 years, the maximum (in 1/3 of cases). Laboratory changes were insignificant and quickly reversible. Conclusion: the course of COVID-19 in children in the megalopolis of Russia is comparable with foreign information. However, taking into account the experience of “Spanish ‘flu”, it is possible that in pediatric practice the number of severe forms and unfavorable outcomes may change in the near future, especially due to the difficulty of diagnosing Kawasaki-like syndrome and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of such patients. Currently, the most vulnerable to the new CV are children with severe oncological, neurological and cardiovascular pathology, who have a rapid decompensation of the underlying disease against the background of COVID-19.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Peng ◽  
Kang-Yong Liu ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
Ya-Fang Miao ◽  
Ping-An Tu ◽  
...  

Background: In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously known as 2019-nCoV) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, which has subsequently affected more than 200 countries worldwide including Europe, North America, Oceania, Africa and other places. The number of infected people is rapidly increasing, while the diagnostic method of COVID-19 is only by nucleic acid testing. Objective: To explain the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging manifestations and to judge diagnostic value of COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical data of COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients in a non-outbreak, Shanghai, China. To clarify the early epidemiology and clinical characteristics about COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional, single-center case reports of the 86 patients screened at Zhoupu Hospital in Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, from January 23 to February 16, 2020. Epidemiology, demography, clinical, laboratory and chest CTs were collected and analyzed. The screened patients were divided into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 based on nucleic acid test results. Results: Of the 86 screened patients, 11 were confirmed (12.8%) by nucleic acid testing (mean age 40.73 ± 11.32, 5 males). No significant differences were found in clinical symptoms including fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and fatigue (P > 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ) of patients (P = 0.402), while the white blood cell count and lymphocyte count of the confirmed patients were slightly lower than those of the suspected patients (P < 0.05). Some non-COVID-19 chest CTs also showed subpleural lesions, such as ground-glass opacities (GGO) combined with bronchiectasis; or halo nodules distributed under the pleura with focal GGO; consolidation of subpleural distribution or combined with air bronchi sign and vascular bundle sign, etc. Conclusion: The early clinical manifestations and imaging findings of COVID-19 are not characteristic in non-outbreak areas. Etiological testing should be performed as early as possible for clinically suspected patients.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Elchin Mammed oglu Huseynov

Brucella have the potential influence for all organs of the human body, which is reflected by a significant polymorphism of clinical manifestations, as a result, not always timely diagnosis of the disease and the development of complications that result of disability. The aim of our study was to determine the characteristics of the prevalence of polymorphism (Arg753Gln) of the TLR-2 gene in patients with acute brucellosis with liver damage. 178 patients with clinical symptoms of brucellosis were examined. According to the criteria for inclusion in a study of 178 patients, only 120 persons, who were the main group, fully met all criteria. All patients were tested for polymorphism (Arg753Gln) TLR-2. Statistical processing the results of the study was performed using the programs “SPSS 20.0”, “STATISTICA 6.0”. Among 120 patients with acute brucellosis, the disease of the hepatobiliary system had only 43 patients, which was 35.8% according to the laboratory and instrumental methods of investigation. The Gln/Gln genotype of the TLR-2 gene was determined in 3.3 times more in patients with acute liver brucellosis than in the patients without liver damage. Among the carriers of the genotype Gln/Gln, there is a significantly increased risk of brucellosis (χ2=17.52; p=0.0002; OR=4.81; 95% CI [0.98-23.59]), while carries of the homozygous genotype Arg/Arg on the contrary, has a protective effect on the development of brucellosis (OR=0.11, 95% CI [0.04 - 0.33]).


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Grebennikova ◽  
Alina O. Gavrilova ◽  
Anatoly N. Tiulpakov ◽  
Natalya V. Tarbaeva ◽  
Zhanna E. Belaya ◽  
...  

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder. Main clinical manifestations include recurring pathological fractures and progressive skeletal deformation. Five types of OI are distinguished based on clinical symptoms. In most cases, the disease is caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, leading to a defect of type 1 collagen synthesis, which is the main component of the bone matrix. Up to 5% of patients with OI have a mutation in IFITM5 gene, which leads to the development of OI type V. Approximately 150 cases of the OI type V are described in the literature, and mutation c.-14C T in IFITM5 gene is found in most of the cases. Only 5 patients have a c.119C T: p.S40L.mutation. Pathogenesis of OI type V is not fully understood. It is assumed that mutations in the IFITM5 gene cause impaired osteoblastogenesis, decreased bone mineral density and multiple low-traumatic fractures. There is probably a phenotype-genotypic correlation in cases with different mutations of the IFITM5. However, it is currently difficult to assess the relationship in view of the variability of the characters and the low prevalence of the OI type V. We present the first description in Russia of the clinical case of an adult patient with OI type V due to a rare mutation p.119C T: p.S40L in the IFITM5 gene.


2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
D.S. Khapchenkova ◽  
◽  
S.О. Dubyna ◽  

Аutoinflammatory diseases or syndromes (HAIDS) have attracted practical and scientific interest. This group of pathologies is united by similar clinical symptoms in the form of periodic fever, systemic inflammation and other clinical syndromes. PFAPA — syndrome or Marshall's syndrome is one of the most common representatives of this group of diseases. РFАРА syndrome (Marshall's syndrome) is considered an autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology and not fully studied pathogenesis. Gene mutations, family inheritance and the modifying role of persistent intracellular infections are considered as the causes of development. Genetically determined immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation, the presence of immune dysregulation play a role in the pathogenesis of Marshall's syndrome. The incidence and prevalence of this condition in the pediatric population are unknown. The pathology is characteristic of early childhood, the syndrome is characterized periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis and cervical adenitis. Patients do not have disturbances in well-being between episodes, pathognomonic laboratory changes, have normal growth and development indicators. The syndrome occurs in children under 5 years, disappears in adolescence, has good+quality current, the treatment of which is the administration of corticosteroids. The pathology has no specific biological markers, so the diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations, a thorough analysis of the history and the exclusion of other possible causes of recurrence fever. Purpose: to highlight the complexity of the diagnosis of PFAPA–syndrome. Clinical case. The article describes own clinical case of a child with Marshall's syndrome. Recurrent attacks of fever with a specific frequency in combination with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis, the absence of specific laboratory changes and the positive effect of the corticosteroids treatment it possible to diagnose the above diagnosis. Conclusion. Literature data and the above clinical case indicate the difficulty of diagnosing this syndrome, long-term irrational drug treatment without clinical effect. So physicians in many specialties need to remember the need for a detailed survey of patients and parents, pay attention to the time and frequency of symptoms described above, and their combinations, if Marshall's syndrome is suspected do not be afraid to prescribe glucocorticosteroids for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Keywords: Marshall's syndrome, children, periodic fever, corticosteroids.


2021 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
V. A. Gankov ◽  
E. A. Tseimakh ◽  
G. I. Bagdasaryan ◽  
A. R. Andreasyan ◽  
S. A. Maslikova

Relevance. Treatment of achalasia of the cardia (AС) is currently palliative, aimed at reducing the manifestation of clinical symptoms of the disease. Together with instrumental methods of examination of esophageal function, the Eckardt scale and the GIGLI questionnaire are convenient and simple tools for evaluating results in the long-term postoperative period.The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with 2-4 stages of AС, after laparoscopic Нeller myotomy with anterior hemiesophagofundoplication by Dor to the results of special methods of esophageal examination and patient questionnaires using the Eckardt scale and the GIGLI questionnaire.Materials and methods. The work included the results of examinations of 103 patients who underwent video laparoscopic Нeller myotomy, with anterior hemiesophagofundoplication by Dor. The period of examination in the postoperative period was from 3 to 7 years. The results of X-ray examination of the esophagus and stomach, manometry of the esophageal and esophageal-gastric junction before and after surgery were studied , and patients were also surveyed according to the Eckardt scale and the GIGLI questionnaire.Results. The analysis of the results of instrumental methods of studying the function of the esophagus in the pre – and postoperative periods showed that the given manometry of the esophagus and esophageal-gastric junction, X-ray of the esophagus and stomach significantly improved in the postoperative period in patients with all stages of the disease. The results of patients of 4th stage AC compared with the results of 2nd and 3rd stages patients were worse(p<0,05).The leading symptom of AK-dysphagia in the long-term postoperative period decreased in all the studied patients, the results were better in patients with stage 2, worse in patients with stage 4 of AK (p<0,05).The leading symptom of AK-dysphagia in the long-term postoperative period decreased in all the studied patients, the 2nd stage patients results were better, 4th stage patients results were worse (p<0,05).Conclusions. After video-endoscopic Нeller myotomy with fundoplication by Dor, the indicators of esophageal manometry and esophageal and stomach radiography significantly improve, the results of the Eckardt scale and GIGLI questionnaire survey of patients show a significant decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations of AC in the balls. This method of surgical treatment can be recommended already at the 2nd stage of AC and as an organpreserving operation for 4th stage.


Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Andreev ◽  
Alexander Y. Podunov ◽  
Daniil S. Lapin ◽  
Zarema L. Gilyaeva ◽  
Ekaterina N. Nikiforova ◽  
...  

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of acute cerebrovascular accident in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Materials and methods: For the first time, clinical manifestations of strokes in patients with diagnosed new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) were analyzed in 130 patients. The study was conducted in two groups. The main group consisted of 69,2 % (n = 90) with a clinical and instrumental diagnosis: novel coronavirus infection in combination with stroke. The control group (30,8 %; n = 40) included the cases of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke without signs of SARS-CoV-2. In both groups, the severity of the disease and pathogenetic subtypes were compared, and the features of the laboratory biochemical data were studied. Statistical analysis of the outcomes was carried out taking into account the severity of brain and lung tissue damage. Results: In patients with cerebral stroke against the background of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the prevalence of ischemic stroke cases (86,4 %) was noted for undetermined (41,4 %) and cardioembolic (35,7 %) pathogenetic subtypes (according to TOAST) with localization in the carotid basin (89,7 %). In hemorrhagic stroke, parenchymal hemorrhage was observed with a greater frequency (54,5 %). The severity of the diagnosed strokes according to the NIHSS scale was up to 13,16 (8,80) points with less severe brain damage — Glasgow coma scale (14,0 (12,0 15,0). In the group of the patients, a widespread lesion of the lung tissue was diagnosed in 82,2 % of cases. No significant increase in the incidence of clinically significant manifestations of systemic and organ hypercoagulation was established. Conclusions: In stroke patients with COVID-19, ischemic manifestations with undetermined and cardioembolic subtypes without age and gender features prevail, with no differences in the severity of the course and a large number of favorable outcomes. A high activity of inflammatory and infectious changes was established by clinical laboratory.


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