Regulation of glucagon secretion by incretin-like hormone family in the patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
E A Shestakova ◽  
A V Ilyin ◽  
A D Deev ◽  
M V Shestakova ◽  
I I Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load

The study included 127 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors, who underwent oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose) with pancreatic and incretin hormones estimated in fasting state, at 30 and 120 minutes after glucose load. According to the test results the population was divided into 3 groups: group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), group with high risk of diabetes developing (impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG)) and newly-diagnosed T2D. The stimulated glucagon secretion was suppressed in NGT group, whereas in T2D patients there was an increase in glucagon levels at 30 min after the glucose load. Within high risk group the area under curve (AUC) of glucagon secretion was significantly elevated in IFG patients comparing to IGT (0,52 vs 0,07 ng·ml-1·min-1, р=0,0005). AUC of glucagon secretion was positively related only to fasting glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) level (r=0,61, р=0,0001), that suggests glucagonotropic properties for GLP-2. We conclude that glucagon stimulation by GLP-2 may play a role in decreased glucagon suppression in T2D patients and IFG state development.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Alcohol Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guang Yin ◽  
Keizo Ohnaka ◽  
Makiko Morita ◽  
Shinji Tabata ◽  
Osamu Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status

This study investigated the association of ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms with glucose tolerance status, as determined by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and effect modification of these polymorphisms on the association between alcohol consumption and glucose intolerance in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces. The study subjects included 1520 men with normal glucose tolerance, 553 with prediabetic condition (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), and 235 men with type 2 diabetes. There was an evident interaction between alcohol consumption and ADH1B polymorphism in relation to type 2 diabetes (interaction P=.03). The ALDH2487Lys allele was associated with a decreased prevalence odds of type 2 diabetes regardless of alcohol consumption. In conclusion, the ADH1B polymorphism modified the association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes. A positive association between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes was confounded by ALDH2 polymorphism.

scholarly journals Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Andersson-Hall ◽  
Carolina Gustavsson ◽  
Anders Pedersen ◽  
Daniel Malmodin ◽  
Louise Joelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose

Aim. Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyle questionnaires six years after pregnancy. Blood was analysed for clinical variables (e.g., insulin, glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels) and NMR metabolomics. Based on the OGTT, women were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. Results. Six years after GDM, 19% of subjects had T2DM and 19% IGT. After BMI adjustment, the IGT group had lower HDL, higher leptin, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the T2DM group higher triglyceride, FFA, and C-reactive protein levels than the NGT group. IGT and T2DM groups reported lower physical activity. NMR measurements revealed that levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobyturate were higher in T2DM and IGT groups and correlated with measures of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Conclusion. In addition to well-known clinical risk factors, BCAAs and 3-hydroxyisobyturate are potential markers to be evaluated as predictors of metabolic risk after pregnancy complicated by GDM.

scholarly journals Risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001500
Author(s):  
Nobuo Sasaki ◽  
Ryoji Ozono ◽  
Ryo Maeda ◽  
Yukihito Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Early Stages

IntroductionLittle is known about the risk of hypertension in patients with the early stage of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the risk of hypertension in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.Research design and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 2136 middle-aged participants (1022 with normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT), 418 with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 466 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 230 with diabetes) and 3426 elderly participants (1762 with NFG/NGT, 599 with IFG, 781 with IGT, and 284 with diabetes). All participants underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline.ResultsOver a median 59-month follow-up period, 459 middle-aged and 1170 elderly participants developed hypertension. In middle-aged participants, the odds of incident hypertension were significantly higher in those with IFG (OR 1.40; p=0.019), IGT (OR 1.49; p=0.004), and diabetes (OR 1.55; p=0.013) than those with NFG/NGT, which was no longer significant after adjustment for body mass index. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was significantly higher in diabetes than NFG/NGT only in participants without obesity. Conversely, obesity was a risk factor of hypertension only in those with IFG and NFG/NGT. In elderly participants, there was no difference in the risk of hypertension among the NFG/NGT, IFG, IGT and diabetes groups.ConclusionsThe risk of hypertension is modest in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Our findings suggest that the early stages of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes may be a key period for reducing hypertension, given the pronounced risk of hypertension in patients with diabetes reported in previous studies. In terms of reducing the risk for hypertension, obesity treatment might be advantageous in the early stages rather than the advanced stages of impaired glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals A novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor improves diabesity and osteoblast differentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Seon Park ◽  
Su Jung Bae ◽  
Sik-Won Choi ◽  
You Hwa Son ◽  
Sung Bum Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Oral Glucose

Selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) have considerable potential as treatment for osteoporosis as well as metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-osteoporotic activity of KR-67500, as a novel selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Cellular 11β-HSD1 activity was tested based on a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence method. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) levels were measured in diet-induced obese (DIO)-C57BL/6 mice administered KR-67500 (50 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 28 days and, additionally, its anti-diabetic effect was evaluated by OGTT and ITT. Thein vitroanti-adipogenic effect of KR-67500 was determined by Oil Red O Staining. Thein vitroanti-osteoporotic activity of KR-67500 was evaluated using bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced osteoblast differentiation and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation model systems. KR-67500 improved thein vivoglucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO-C57BL/6 mice. KR-67500 suppressed cortisone-induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. KR-67500 enhanced BMP2-induced osteoblastogenesis in C2C12 cells and inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. KR-67500, a new selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, may provide a new therapeutic window in the prevention and/or treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and/or osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of insulin secretion from the oral glucose tolerance test in white patients with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stumvoll ◽  
A. Mitrakou ◽  
W. Pimenta ◽  
T. Jenssen ◽  
H. Yki-Jarvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
White Patients
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