scholarly journals Toxicity of the essential oil of basil cultivars and hybrids and its repellent effect on stored grain pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Santos da Costa ◽  
Maria Fátima de Arrigoni-BlanK ◽  
Leandro Bacci ◽  
Arie Fitzgerald Blank ◽  
Péricles Barreto Alves ◽  
...  

Essential oils have emerged as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of stored grain pests. The toxicity and repellency of the essential oils of four basil cultivars and three basil hybrids and the monoterpenes linalool, citral, and (E)-methyl cinnamate were evaluated in the stored grain pests Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophillus zeamais. The essential oils of the cultivar Genovese and the hybrid 'Genovese' x 'Maria Bonita' were more toxic to C. maculatus. Conversely, the essential oils of the cultivar Sweet Dani and the hybrid 'Cinnamom' x 'Maria Bonita' were more toxic to S. zeamais. Among the monoterpenes, (E)-methyl cinnamate was the most toxic to both pests, taking 0.14 and 0.34 µL.mL-1 to kill 50% of the C. maculatus and S. zeamais populations, respectively. All essential oils from cultivars, hybrids, and monoterpenes were repellent to S. zeamais, except for (E)-methyl cinnamate. For C. maculatus, this effect was lower, being citral the most repellent compound. Results demonstrate the insecticidal potential of the essential oil of O. basilicum and its monoterpenes in the control of stored grain pests.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6303
Author(s):  
Arunaksharan Narayanankutty ◽  
Krishnaprasad Kunnath ◽  
Ahmed Alfarhan ◽  
Rajakrishnan Rajagopal ◽  
Varsha Ramesh

Cinnamomum verum is widely used in traditional medicines, and the different parts of the plant, such as bark, leaves, and flowers, are used for essential oil production. The present study compared the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. verum extracted from the leaves and flowers. In addition, efficacy of these essential oils against the two common pests Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus was also evaluated. The results indicated the presence of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, caryophyllene, and linalool in these essential oils, however, at different concentrations. The leaf essential oil was found to be 10–20% more effective as a fumigant against both the pests. Likewise, the leaf essential oil found to repel these pests even at lower concentrations than that of flower essential oil of C. verum. Besides, these essential oils were also effective in controlling the growth of various gram positive and gram negative microbial pathogens and possibly a safeguard for human health. On contrary, both the essential oils were found to be safe for the application on grains, as indicated by their germination potentials. It was also observed that these essential oils do not cause any significant toxicity to guppy fishes, thus confirming their ecological safety for use as a biopesticide.


Author(s):  
Zuriah Ismail ◽  
Azhari Hamid Nour ◽  
Salah Elhussein

Different accessions of basil introduced to Malaysia as seeds and cultivated at University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) farm and their essential oils extracted by steam distillation. Three chemotypes of these essential oils with estragole, linalool and methyl cinnamate as dominant compounds were evaluated against three facultative anaerobic bacteria obtained from the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Ministry of Health Malaysia: namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) by qualitative and quantitative method. Different concentration ranged from 10 μL/mL to 1000 μL/mL of basil essential oil solutions prepared and tested against bacterial strain using agar well diffusion and quantitative methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using broth microdilution plate. Eight different concentrations of serial two-fold dilutions ranged between 250 μL/mL and 1.95 μL/mL performed using Magellan software of Tecan Infinite Series M200 Pro microplate reader. In the result of agar well diffusion test, the zone of inhibition increased as the concentration of essential oil increased. The MIC was 7.81 μL/mL for all chemotype of the oils against E.coli and S.aureus while 15.63 μL/mL for P.aeruginosa of linalool-rich chemotype and 31.25 μL/mL for estragole and methyl cinnamate-rich chemotypes. The results obtained in this study were considered encouraging the potential of basil essential oil for medicinal uses as antibiotics and hygienic purposes as antibacterial products.


1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mahfuz ◽  
M Khalequzzaman

Toxicity of five essential oils (EOs), viz. cardamom, cinnamon, clove, eucalyptus and neem oils were investigated against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates (Fab.) adults, through contact and fumigation bioassay. In the contact bioassay eucalyptus oil was found to be the most effective in inducing mortality both after 24 and 48 h of treatments. The toxicity of the oils followed in the order: eucalyptus > clove > cinnamon > cardamom > neem. In the fumigation bioassay, however, a reverse result was obtained with eucalyptus oil where it shows the last position for 24 h and fourth position for 48 h after treatments. The efficacy in respect of the toxicity followed in the order: clove > cinnamon > cardamom > neem > eucalyptus after 24 h after treatment, and clove > cinnamon > cardamom > eucalyptus > neem after 48 h after treatments. Keywords: Essential oil, bioassay, LD50, C. maculates Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 63-66


1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
NACHMAN PASTER ◽  
MAZAL MENASHEROV ◽  
UZI RAVID ◽  
BENJAMIN JUVEN

Essential oils from oregano and thyme were applied for 24 h as fumigants against the mycelia and spores ofAspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus, as well as against natural microflora of wheat grains. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oregano oil needed to inhibit the mycelial growth of the fungi was 2.0 μl/L, while spores were eradicated following exposure to 2.0 to 2.5 μl/L. The thyme essential oil was less efficient in controlling mycelia and growth was observed even following exposure to 4.0 μl/L. However, the thyme essential oil was fungitoxic to spores (MIC = 3.0 μl/L). In another set of trials the efficacy of the oils and two of their constituents (carvacrol and thymol) in controlling natural microflora of surface-sterilized wheat grain was studied. Of the four materials investigated, only oregano essential oil exhibited fungicidal activity and, following 24 h exposure to 20 μl/L, a significant reduction in the percent of infested grain was observed even after 5 days of incubation on potato dextrose agar. A reduction in the germinability of the grains was evident following exposure to the materials tested. When the fungicidal activity of oregano essential oil was evaluated using grains with different moisture contents (MC), data revealed that the better inhibitory effect was achieved in grain with a high MC. The findings emphasize the toxicity of oregano and thyme essential oils as fumigants against fungi attacking stored grain and strengthen the possibility of using them as an alternative to chemicals for preserving stored grains.


2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Nikola Djukic ◽  
Andja Radonjic ◽  
Goran Andric ◽  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Milica Drobac ◽  
...  

Behavior bioassays were conducted in the laboratory (23 ? 1?C and 50 ? 5% r.h.) using the olfactometer to determine the effects of essential oils of three plant species in the Cymbopogon genus (Lemongrass), Cymbopogon nervatus, C. proximus and C. schoenanthus, on adults of Tribolium castaneum. The effect of essential oils was compared to a commercial biopesticide based on azadirachtin at three concentrations (0.0001, 0.001 and 0.01%). The results showed that all essential oils and the azadirachtin-based biopesticide had significant (p <0.05) repellent effects on T. castaneum adults at all tested concentrations, except C. proximus essential oil which showed a neutral effect at the lowest concentration. The highest concentrations of the essential oils of C. nervatus and C. proximus had significantly stronger repellent effects (p <0.05) than the lowest concentration. At the concentrations of 0.0001 and 0.001% all tested essential oils and azadirachtin showed a similar repellent effect without statistically significant difference, whereas the oil of C. nervatus had the highest repellent effect on adults of T. castaneum at the 0.01% concentration. Considering all tested variations, the essential oils of plants of the genus Cymbopogon showed similar or stronger repellent effects on T. castaneum adults than the biopesticide based on azadirachtin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Vanusa Suelma Santos ◽  
Paulo Henrique Silva ◽  
Luiz Evaldo Pádua

Resumo. Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), caruncho, é considerado o principal inseto infestante de grãos e sementes de feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] armazenados por causar danos diretos e indiretos levando perdas econômicas ao agricultor. Derivados botânicos têm sido utilizados na forma de pós, extratos e óleos essenciais no controle de carunchos de grãos armazenados por causa de seu efeito inseticida, repelente, inibidor de alimentação e regulador de crescimento. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a mortalidade, a eficiência e a repelência do óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.) sobre caruncho do feijão-caupi em diferentes concentrações: 4,0; 3,5; 2,5; 2,0 e 0,0 µL, as quais, no experimento confinado foram pipetadas com uma pipeta automática sobre os grãos de feijão-caupi cv. BRS Guariba e acondicionados em frascos de polietileno com capacidade de 45cm3 foram adicionados 10 insetos, que ficaram confinados por 96 h. No experimento com chance de escolha, utilizou-se uma arena de seis vias, composta por frascos com a mesma capacidade, quantidade de grãos, insetos e concentrações de óleo mencionado no experimento anterior. Os insetos permaneceram confinados por 24 h. O delineamento utilizado para os dois experimentos foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise variância (ANOVA) e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade através do programa ASSISTAT VERSÃO 7.5. A eficiência foi calculada através da fórmula de Abbott. Todas as concentrações apresentaram ação inseticida, foram repelentes e eficientes no controle de C. maculatus.Bioactivity of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (rosemary-pepper) on the Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) Abstract. Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), weevil, is considered the main insect infesting of grains and seeds of cowpea-been [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] stored for causing direct and indirect damages leading to economic losses to the producer. Botanical derivatives have been used in the form of powders, extracts and essential oils in the control of stored grain weevil because of their insecticidal effect, repellent, feed inhibitor and growth regulator. In this work, mortality, efficiency and repellency of rosemary essential oil (Lippia sidoides Cham.) on cowpea-been weevil were evaluated in different concentrations: 4.0; 3.5; 2.5; 2.0 and 0.0 μL, which, in the confined experiment, were pipetted with an automatic pipette on the grains of cowpea-beans cv. BRS Guariba in polyethylene flasks with a capacity of 45cm³ and later, 10 insects were added, which were confined for 96 h. In the experiment with chance of choice, a six-way arena was used, consisting of bottles with the same capacity, quantity of grains, insects and oil concentrations mentioned in the previous experiment. Insects remained confined for 24 h. The design used for the two experiments was completely randomized with five replicates. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability through the ASSISTAT VERSION 7.5 program. Efficiency was calculated using the Abbott formula. All the concentrations presented insecticide action, were repellent and efficient in the control of C. maculatus.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Khani ◽  
Tahere Rahdari

The biological activity of essential oil extracted from coriander, Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae), seeds against adults of Tribolium confusum Duval (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Fumigant toxicity was assessed at 27±1°C and 65±5% R.H., in dark condition. Dry seeds of the plant were subject to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The predominant components in the oil were linalool (57.57%) and geranyl acetate (15.09%). The mortality of 1–7-day-old adults of the insect pests increased with concentration from 43 to 357 μL/L air and with exposure time from 3 to 24 h. In the probit analysis, LC50 values (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) showed that C. maculatus (LC50 = 1.34 μL/L air) was more susceptible than T. confusum (LC50 = 318.02 μL/L air) to seed essential oil of this plant. The essential oil of C. sativum can play an important role in stored grain protection and reduce the risks associated with the use of synthetic insecticides.


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