scholarly journals Investigation of Road Bank Failures based on Mineralogical Composition Studies in Kano-Abuja Road Northern, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Musa Garba Abdullahi ◽  
Mohd Hariri Arifin ◽  
Roslan Umar ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad ◽  
...  

This article investigated the general compositions of the areas (the road) including the geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry to explore the reason for the road failure. The zone is underlain basement (storm cellar) and sedimentary rocks of different textures, mineralogy, and geochemistry. The results implies that the areas that is most stable along the road portions is underlain by the granite-gneiss, granites, amphibole schist and quartz, schist and small sandstone while portions with the failures are underlain by mica schist, phyllite, and coarse-grained granite. It is apparently sure from this study that poor quality metasedimentary rocks constitute the formation of the failed portions. However, the high numbers of the sediment and sandstone present in the area that can easily be weathered due to the climate variation have increased the failure. In conclusion, the result will help the engineers during reconstruction of these parts need to be excavating deeply and replace with granite-gneiss, granites, amphibole schist and quartz for better result.  

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amando Pinho Aguiar ◽  
Adolf Heinrich Horn ◽  
Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa ◽  
José Maria Leal ◽  
Gabriela P. P. Alves

Os rejeitos minerais gerados pelos processos de mineração de esmeraldas possuem uma composição mineralógica e química peculiar aos insumos agrícolas (corretivos e fertilizantes). Os elementos químicos encontrados nos minerais desses materiais podem conforme o seu processo de ionização na solução do solo e comportamento dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) fornecer nutrientes minerais ao solo em sua complementação para o cultivo agrícola. Como o Brasil apresenta dependência da importação de insumos minerais para produção de fertilizantes, principalmente o Potássio (K+1), investigar os comportamentos no solo de novas fontes minerais fornecedoras de nutrientes para as culturas agrícolas mostra-se importante. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a disponibilização dos nutrientes K+1, Mg +2, Ca+2 em solo Areno Médio Siltoso, com 143,65 mg/dm3 de Potássio e 14% Silte coletado na área de cultivo da Faculdade de Agronomia - FAAG - UNIVALE. O experimento foi instalado no laboratório de solos da FAAG da Univale – MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 8 x 4 + 1, correspondendo a 8 doses do rejeito (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 40 toneladas por hectare), com 4 repetições e o tratamento testemunho, totalizando 36 parcelas. Após 60 dias de incubação em ambiente controlado, os solos foram coletados para analisar os valores dos nutrientes minerais K+1, Mg +2, Ca+2 disponibilizados. O rejeito mineral é proveniente de rochas vulcano-sedimentares, englobadas por rochas gnáissicas de idade Arqueano/Proterozóico. A sequência engloba orto e paragnaisses, anfibolitos e xistos diversos com intercalações de quartzitos, quartzo-mica xistos e rochas calco-silicáticas. O uso do rejeito proporcionou aumento nos níveis de K+1, Mg+2, no solo, além da diminuição da saturação de Alumínio (8,2%). Para os elementos Potássio e Magnésio houve acréscimos de 88 e 147 % para os tratamentos correspondentes a 20 e 16 t/ha, respectivamente. O Brasil apresenta Três províncias esmeraldíferas (Nova Era - Minas Gerais, Campo Formoso – Bahia e Santa Terezinha – Goiás) que podem suprir em quantidade significativa desse rejeito a indústria de fertilizantes.Palavras chave: mineração, rejeito, agricultura, insumo, fertilizante ABSTRACT: FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL BIOTITE -AMPHIBOLITE/SCHIST CONTAINED IN RESIDUOS/WASTE GENERATED BY MINIG OF EMERALDIFER PROVINCE OF NOVA ERA – MG. The wastes generated by mining processes have a particular chemical and mineralogical composition to agricultural inputs (fertilizer and lime). The chemical elements found in minerals such material can according to their ionization process in the soil solution, behavior of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) provide nutrients minerais to the soil for growing agricultural. As Brazil has dependency on imported inputs for production of mineral fertilizer, especially potassium (K+1), to investigate the behavior in soil mineral supplier of new sources of nutrients for crops shown to be important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of nutrients such K+1, Mg +2, Ca +2 Areno Medium Silte soil, with 143,65 mg/dm3 potassium and 14% silte collected in the area of cultivation FAAG - UNIVALE. He settled in the experiment soil laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy - FAAG University Vale do Rio Doce – MG. The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial scheme 8 x 4 + 1, corresponding to eight doses of the waste (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 40 tons per hectare) with four replications and treatment testimony, totaling 36 plots. After 60 days of incubation in a controlled environment, the soils were collected to analyze the values of the nutrients minerals K+1, Mg +2 and Ca +2 available. The waste comes from mineral rock of volcanic-sedimentary rocks, encompassed by old gneissic rocks Archaean / Proterozoic. The sequence encompasses ortho-and para-gneisses, amphibolites and schists with several intercalations of quartzites, quartz-mica schist and calc-silicate rocks. The use of waste yielded increased levels of K+1 and Mg +2, in the soil, besides the aluminum saturation decreased (8,2%). To the nutrients Potassium and Magnesium additions were 88 and 147% for treatments of 20 and 16 t / ha, respectively. Brazil has esmeraldíferas three provinces (Nova Era - Minas Gerais, Campo Formoso - Bahia and Santa Terezinha - Goiás) that can supply significant amounts of waste in the fertilizer industry.Keywords: mining, waste, agriculture, lime, fertilizer


1942 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Matley ◽  
Frank Raw

The rocks exposed along the road between Linstead and Guy's Hill, Jamaica, were described by Dr. C. T. Trechmann in this magazine in 1936 (pp. 259–260). The chief object of his account was to prove that the igneous rocks there were intrusions later than the associated Cretaceous and Tertiary limestones, which, according to him, had been metamorphosed into hornfelses, some of which, he stated later (1937, p. 561), he knew to have an “igneous” appearance under the microscope, “which tends to support my contention that in Jamaica we have sedimentaries altered in situ into rocks that would ordinarily be classified as igneous.” Dissent from his descriptions and interpretations was expressed by C. A. M. (Matley, 1937, pp. 501–3), the criticisms being mainly based on an examination of Trechmann's own microscope slides by F. R. A visit to Jamaica by C. A. M. in 1939 allowed him to study this road and to collect a suite of rocks for petrological examination. The results show that Trechmann's interpretation cannot be sustained. There is no granodiorite or other plutonic rock present, no metamorphism hornfelsing the sedimentary rocks, and no igneous intrusions into the Tertiary limestones.


1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2348-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Ethier ◽  
F. A. Campbell

Local concentrations of tourmaline occur in the lower Proterozoic (Helikian) Aldridge Formation of southeastern British Columbia, in some places in association with stratiform lead–zinc mineralization as at the Sullivan, Stemwinder, and North Star orebodies. The amount of boron in the rock is as much as two orders of magnitude above average levels reported for the Aldridge Formation or other similar types of sedimentary rocks. The concentrations are not detrital, but are caused by an anomalously high boron level, in a local area, at the time of sedimentation. The appearance of tourmaline within rip-up clasts, and in laminae within pebbles, is evidence of syngenetic introduction of boron.Three populations of tourmalines, on the basis of composition as determined by microprobe analyses, are described from the area:(1) A Proterozoic stock intruding the Aldridge Formation contains abundant schorl.(2) A tourmaline intermediate in composition between dravite and schorl is typical of Aldridge metasediments. Texturally this type occurs as (a) fine felted aggregates in the footwall of the Sullivan orebody, (b) disseminated through waste beds, and (c) in local concentrations removed from the Sullivan orebody.(3) Coarse-grained recrystallized tourmaline associated with the Sullivan ore is magnesium-rich. Recrystallization is erratic, and is probably related to uneven heat flow during metamorphism and to differences in bulk composition.The economic importance of tourmaline concentrations in the Aldridge Formation is their association in both space and time with stratiform sulfides.


Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain K. Pitcairn ◽  
Nikolaos Leventis ◽  
Georges Beaudoin ◽  
Stephane Faure ◽  
Carl Guilmette ◽  
...  

The sources of metals enriched in Archean orogenic gold deposits have long been debated. Metasedimentary rocks, which are generally accepted as the main metal source in Phanerozoic deposits, are less abundant in Archean greenstone belts and commonly discounted as a viable metal source for Archean deposits. We report ultralow-detection-limit gold and trace-element concentrations from a suite of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks from the Abitibi belt and Pontiac subprovince, Superior Province, Canada. Systematic decreases in the Au content with increasing metamorphic grade indicate that Au was mobilized during prograde metamorphism. Mass balance calculations show that over 10 t of Au, 30,000 t of As, and 600 t of Sb were mobilized from 1 km3 of Pontiac subprovince sedimentary rock metamorphosed to the sillimanite metamorphic zone. The total gold resource in orogenic gold deposits in the southern Abitibi belt (7500 t Au) is only 3% of the Au mobilized from the estimated total volume of high-metamorphic-grade Pontiac sedimentary rock in the region (25,000 km3), indicating that sedimentary rocks are a major contributor of metals to the orogenic gold deposits in the southern Abitibi belt.


2016 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenny Paola Valencia Giraldo ◽  
Luis Carlos Escobar Arenas ◽  
Juliana Mendoza Ramirez ◽  
Daniel Delgado Sierra ◽  
Andrés Leonardo Cárdenas Rozo

Even though only 11.5% of Antioquia’s area has outcrops of sedimentary rocks, a review of the literature and the development of a digital map of fossil localities (27), allows us to conclude that the region has a great palaeontological potential. The data show that Antioquia’s fossil occurrences date from Ordovician (~ 485.4 to ~ 443.8Ma) to Quaternary (~ 2.6Ma to the Present). Moreover, there are macro-fossils belonging to different phyla (i.e. Chordata, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Mollusca and Trachaeophyta). The oldest paleofauna in the area, consists of graptolites and trilobites recorded in Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks, whereas marine mollusks and echinoderms compose the major fossil assemblages of the Cretaceous. The paleoflora (i.e. fossil leaves and petrified wood) in the area is associated with to the Amagá Formation (Oligocene - Miocene). Finally, fossils of terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. mastodons and horses) are recorded in Quaternary deposits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathan Hanifi Mada Mahendra ◽  
I Gde Budi Indrawan ◽  
Sugeng Sapto Surjono

The Gedangsari and Ngawen area is predominantly composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic sequencesdistributed east – west direction of the northern parts of Southern Mountain. The massive tectonism as well as tropical climatein this region have been producing weathering profiles in varying thickness which inevitably affects thegeotechnical properties. This study aims to assess the dominant weathering profileof the lower part of Kebo-Butak Formation as well as evaluating the distribution of the discontinuity. In order to know the dominant weathering profile and discontinuity evaluation, this study utilizes a total of  26 panels from five stations investigated through a geotechnical data acquisition including the geological condition, weathering zones, joint distribution, and discontinuity characteristics. The result shows four types of dominant weathering profiles in lower part of Kebo-Butak Formation called as dominant weathering profile A, B, C, and D. Profile A, B, C consisted of a relatively identical weathering degree pattern of fresh, slightly, moderately, completely weathered zone with the variation of thicknesses. However, the weathering degree in profile D reached the residual soil degree controlled by more intensive joints. The fine-grained sedimentary rocks also tends to have smaller spacing, shorter persistence, and higher weathering degree of discontinuities as compared to coarse-grained sedimentary rocks.


1984 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahmood ◽  
A. Bennani

AbstractThis petrographic and chemical study of the Hercynian granitoids of the Central Palaeozoic Massif of Morocco covers the Zaër, Ment, Oulmès, and Moulay Bouazza plutons. These plutons are formed of biotite or two-mica, quartz-rich granodiorites and monzogranites containing reddish-brown, inclusion-rich biotites as the only essential mafic mineral; zoned plagioclase; and perthitic K-feldspar. The modal contents of micas and K-feldspar are highly variable. The granitoids are generally medium to coarse grained, massive; however foliated varieties are also commonly found, particularly at the contact of the' plutons with sedimentary rocks.The strongly peraluminous character of the granitoids is shown by high normative corundum and high molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio, and is reflected by the occasional presence of aluminosilicates.The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the granitoids are similar to those of the S-type granites, and were inherited from the crustal source of the granitic magmas which are thought to have been generated by partial equilibrium fusion of the sandy argillaceous sediments of the Massif. The heat source for the fusion might have been provided by intrusion of mantle-derived material.


1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred M. Kehlenbeck

In the de Courcey – Smiley Lakes Area, the boundary between the Quetico and Wabigoon Belts is expressed by a sequence of pelitic to semi-pelitic schists and gneisses. At the present level of erosion, these metasedimentary rocks are in contact with granodioritic gneisses, granites, and pegmatites, which are exposed to the south.To the north of this area, regional metamorphism of volcanic and sedimentary rocks has resulted in greenschist facies assemblages, which characterize the Wabigoon Belt in general. In the boundary zone, the metamorphic grade increases southward toward de Courcey and Smiley Lakes.Formation of three distinct foliation surfaces was accompanied by syn-tectonic as well as post-tectonic recrystallization, producing polymetamorphic schists.In the boundary zone, mineral assemblages comprising andalusile, sillimanite, cordierite, garnet. biotite, and muscovite form a facies series of the Abukuma type.The boundary between the Quetico and Wabigoon Belts in this area is a complex zone in which rocks of both belts have been reconstituted by multiple-phase metamorphism and partial melting.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kurapov ◽  
Victoria Ershova ◽  
Andrey Khudoley ◽  
Aleksandr Makariev ◽  
Elena Makarieva

<p>The studied intrusions are located within the Northern Taimyr domain (southern part of the Kara terrane) on the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula and on several islands in Kara Sea. Intrusions cut the Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks.</p><p>Late Permian – Early Triassic intrusions are represented by coarse- to medium-grained quartz-syenites and alkali-feldspar-granites. U-Pb dating of these granites yelled age of 253 Ma. Ar-Ar micas ages varies from 236 to 251 Ma. The granites are high- to medium acidic, high alkaline (alkali-calcic to alkalic), ferroan and magnesian, mainly peraluminous. Granites are characterized by relatively low initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio (0.7041) and slightly positive εNd(t) value (1.03).</p><p>Middle – Late Triassic intrusions are represented by coarse-grained granodiorites and granites. U-Pb zircon ages of these granites range from 228 to 238 Ma. Ar-Ar micas and amphibole ages varies from 206 to 235 Ma. They are acidic to low acidic, moderately alkaline (alkali-calcic, calc-alkalic), magnesian, peraluminous and metaluminous. Middle – Late Triassic granites are characterized by higher initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios (0.7045-0.7060) and negative εNd(t) values (-5.47 to -0.80).</p><p>Late Permian – Early Triassic high alkalic predominantly ferroan granites are most likely related to A-type granites. Middle – Late Triassic moderate alkalic magnesian granites have transitional I/S-type character. Thus, Late Permian – Early Triassic granites likely form an outer rim of the Permo-Triassic Siberian plume. Middle – Late Triassic granites of Northern Taimyr were formed from different source with more significant crustal component contribution. Obtained data suggests two magmatic events throughout Early Mesozoic that affected Northern Taimyr.</p><p>This research was supported by RFBR project No. 19-35-90006</p>


Geoderma ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kretzschmar ◽  
W.P. Robarge ◽  
A. Amoozegar ◽  
M.J. Vepraskas
Keyword(s):  

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