scholarly journals Residential segregation and clustering dynamics of migrants in the metropolitan area of Barcelona

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Juan Galeano ◽  
Jordi Bayona-i-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Nouveaux Arrivants ◽  
And Migration

Abstract During the first decade of the 21st century, the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona underwent an enormous demographic transformation following the arrival of more than 300’000 foreign immigrants. The residential patterns resulting from the settlement of the newcomers drastically changed the composition of the human landscape at all territorial levels, both national and local, confronting policy makers and migration managers with the tremendous challenge of managing the increasing population diversity. Within this context, two linked phenomena are perceived as particularly relevant for social cohesion: (i) the degree of residential segregation between different population groups and (ii) the spatial concentration of the newcomers. To assess the degree and trend of spatial assimilation of different immigrant groups and the process of formation of areas of concentration and their evolution over time, we combine the analysis of residential segregation at the metropolitan level with the application of the local indicator of spatial association (Moran’s I), which allows us to locate areas of residential clustering at the census tract level. Our results show the coexistence of a general trend towards the spatial assimilation of foreign-born populations at the regional level (except for Western Europeans), along with the consolidation, and even extension, of ethnic concentrations at the local level. Résumé Au cours de la première décennie du 21ème siècle, la région métropolitaine de Barcelone a subi une énorme transformation démographique suite à l’arrivée de plus de 300 000 immigrants étrangers. Les schémas résidentiels résultant de l’ins­tallation des nouveaux arrivants ont considérablement modifié la composition du paysage humain à tous les niveaux territoriaux, nationaux et locaux, confrontant les décideurs et les gestionnaires des migrations à l’énorme défi de gérer la diversité démographique croissante. Dans ce contexte, deux phénomènes liés sont perçus comme particulièrement pertinents pour la cohésion sociale : (i) le degré de ségrégation résidentielle entre différents groupes de population et (ii) la concentration spatiale des nouveaux arrivants. Pour évaluer le degré et les tendances de l’assimi­lation spatiale des différents groupes d’immigrants et le processus de formation des aires de concentration et leur évolution dans le temps, nous combinons l’analy­se de la ségrégation résidentielle au niveau métropolitain avec l’indicateur de Moran d’association spatiale au niveau local, ce qui nous permet de localiser les zones de regroupement résidentiel au niveau des secteurs de recensement. Nos résultats montrent une tendance générale vers l’assimilation spatiale des populations nées à l’étranger au niveau régional (sauf pour les Européens de l’Ouest), simultanément à la consolidation, voire l’extension, des concentrations ethniques au niveau local.  

scholarly journals Changes in Occupational Structure and Residential Segregation in Tokyo

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Masaya Uesugi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

AbstractSimilar to other industrialized countries, Japan has experienced a growth in income inequality since the 1980s. Furthermore, in the past few decades, Tokyo has come to adopt a more liberalist position for not only welfare and housing policy of the state but also to urban policy. This chapter examines the changes in socio-spatial inequality in Tokyo from 2000 to 2015. During this period, segregation indices confirm some level of residential separation between the top and bottom occupational groups, and segregation is fairly stable over time. This suggests that certain factors counteract the increase of residential segregation. A comparison between the Tokyo Metropolitan Region and the core city reveals that the core city amplifies spatial inequality. In contrast to the limited change in the city-wide levels of segregation, the changes in the residential patterns show that people with high occupational status tend to concentrate around the main railway station in suburban areas in the region and inside the core city, especially adjacent to the central neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Residential Segregation Across Metro St. Louis School Districts: Examining the Intersection of Two Spatial Dimensions

AERA Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 233285841983724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Hogrebe ◽  
William F. Tate
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Global Indicators

The present study employs a geospatial analytical approach to studying the evenness-clustering and isolation-exposure dimensions of segregation in the context of the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan region. In contrast to global indicators of segregation, this approach focuses on the evenness and isolation dimensions at the local level to visualize how they interact across neighborhoods. While not traditionally thought of as a method for theory testing, geographic information systems (GIS) can contribute to the validation process by displaying how constructs interact when applied in an actual geographic context. We examined separately the segregation dimension of racial evenness-exposure and its intersection with Black isolation and poverty isolation. The study used data from 446 census tracts that represent 65 St. Louis area school districts. When visualizing segregation dimensions through spatial mapping, it becomes apparent that communities that appear diverse may have neighborhoods where individuals or groups remain isolated.

scholarly journals Residential Segregation and Socio-economic Integration of Visible minorities in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
T. R. Balakrishnan ◽  
Paul Maxim ◽  
Rozzet Jurdi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Socioeconomic Achievement ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assimilation Model

Using the 2001 Census of Canada, this paper examines whether spatial residential patterns relate to an ethnic group’s socioeconomic achievement within urban Canada. Most literature suggests that ethnic clustering is primarily a consequence of systematic discrimination or poor socioeconomic resources. Our basic question is whether the relationship between residential segregation and social integration is weakening, thus making the spatial assimilation model less relevant than in the past. The results suggest the assimilation model provides a poor explanation in the Canadian context. Residential segregation persists over time although considerable variation exists among the CMAs. 

Residential Patterns of Korean Americans in the Chicago Metropolitan Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Donghee Koh ◽  
Sunita George
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Population ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Chicago Metropolitan Area ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hispanic Populations ◽  
The City

The city of Chicago is home to the third largest concentration of Korean Americans in the United States. It is estimated that four out of five Korean Americans in Chicago live in the suburbs. In this paper, the authors examine the extent of spatial assimilation of Korean Americans with both the “mainstream” American populations, namely, the Caucasian, Black and Hispanic populations, and also their residential patterns vis-à-vis other dominant Asian sub-groups in Chicago—Chinese, Indians and Filipinos. Their analysis examines spatial assimilation of Korean Americans in terms of their residential segregation/integration from 1970 to 2010 in a multi-ethnic context. Results indicate that in general Koreans are becoming more integrated (less segregated) with the White population over the forty year time period in every major county where they were clustered, while they are generally more segregated from the Black and Hispanic populations. Among the dominant Asian sub-groups, Korean Americans tended to be more integrated with Chinese and Indian populations, and more segregated from the Filipino population.

Hispanic Segregation in Metropolitan America: Exploring the Multiple Forms of Spatial Assimilation

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iceland ◽  
Kyle Anne Nelson
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Group Characteristics

This article investigates patterns of spatial assimilation of Hispanics in U.S. metropolitan areas. Using restricted-use data from the 2000 Census, we calculate Hispanics' levels of residential segregation by race and nativity and then estimate multivariate models to examine the association of group characteristics with these patterns. To obtain a more nuanced view of spatial assimilation, we use alternative reference groups in the segregation calculations-Anglos, African Americans, and Hispanics not of the same race. We find that Hispanics experience multiple and concurrent forms of spatial assimilation across generations: U.S.-born White, Black, and other-race Hispanics tend to be less segregated from Anglos, African Americans, and U.S.-born Hispanics not of the same race than are the foreign-born of the respective groups. We find some exceptions, suggesting that race continues to influence segregation despite the general strength of assimilation-related factors: Black Hispanics display high levels of segregation from Anglos, and U.S.-born Black Hispanics are no less segregated from other Hispanic groups than are their foreign-born counterparts.

scholarly journals Spatial Accessibility to Local Public Services in an Unequal Place: An Analysis from Patterns of Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Yasna Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Low Income Groups

The study of the relationship between the provision of local public services and residential segregation is critical when it might be the social manifestation of spatial income inequality. This paper analyzes how the spatial accessibility to local public services is distributed equitably among different social and economic groups in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MR), Chile. To accomplish this objective, I use accessibility measures to local public services such as transportation, public education, healthcare, kindergartens, parks, fire and police stations, cultural infrastructure, and information about housing prices and exempted housing units from local taxes by block, as well as quantile regressions and bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The main results confirm the accessibility to local public services is unequally distributed among residents. However, it affects more low-income groups who are suffering from significant deficits in the provision of local public services. In this scenario, poor residents face a double disadvantage due to their social exclusion from urban systems and their limited access to essential services such as education, healthcare, or transportation. In particular, I found that social residential segregation might be reinforced by insufficient access to local infrastructure that the most impoverished population should assume.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation and Self-Reported Hypertension Among US- and Foreign-Born Blacks in New York City

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. White ◽  
L. N. Borrell ◽  
D. W. Wong ◽  
S. Galea ◽  
G. Ogedegbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
York City ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 followed by community and nosocomial spread, Germany, February to May 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Muenchhoff ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
Stefan Krebs ◽  
Caroline Quartucci ◽  
Sandra Hasmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Local Level ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Background In the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, viral genomes are available at unprecedented speed, but spatio-temporal bias in genome sequence sampling precludes phylogeographical inference without additional contextual data. Aim We applied genomic epidemiology to trace SARS-CoV-2 spread on an international, national and local level, to illustrate how transmission chains can be resolved to the level of a single event and single person using integrated sequence data and spatio-temporal metadata. Methods We investigated 289 COVID-19 cases at a university hospital in Munich, Germany, between 29 February and 27 May 2020. Using the ARTIC protocol, we obtained near full-length viral genomes from 174 SARS-CoV-2-positive respiratory samples. Phylogenetic analyses using the Auspice software were employed in combination with anamnestic reporting of travel history, interpersonal interactions and perceived high-risk exposures among patients and healthcare workers to characterise cluster outbreaks and establish likely scenarios and timelines of transmission. Results We identified multiple independent introductions in the Munich Metropolitan Region during the first weeks of the first pandemic wave, mainly by travellers returning from popular skiing areas in the Alps. In these early weeks, the rate of presumable hospital-acquired infections among patients and in particular healthcare workers was high (9.6% and 54%, respectively) and we illustrated how transmission chains can be dissected at high resolution combining virus sequences and spatio-temporal networks of human interactions. Conclusions Early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe was catalysed by superspreading events and regional hotspots during the winter holiday season. Genomic epidemiology can be employed to trace viral spread and inform effective containment strategies.

scholarly journals Do More-Assimilated Latinxs Leave the Barrio and Move to “White” Neighborhoods? Latinxs, Young Adults, and Spatial Assimilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311987978
Author(s):  
Pat Rubio Goldsmith ◽  
Martin Puga
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Theory Use ◽  
Language Assimilation ◽  
Residential Attainment ◽  
Assimilation Model

Studies of Latinx–white residential segregation and of Latinx residential attainment consistently report findings consistent with spatial assimilation. Nevertheless, most studies of this theory use statistical models that cannot account for multiple dimensions of neighborhoods that may influence residential attainment. In this article, we test predictions of the spatial assimilation model using discrete choice analyses, a multidimensional model. We use data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study on the residential attainment of 1,080 Latinx young adults, most of whom have recently left their parents’ homes. After accounting for the multiple dimensions of neighborhoods, we find little evidence that assimilation from income, generation, or barrio background influences young adult residential attainment. The consequences of language assimilation are modest. However, we find that Latinx young adults with a bachelor’s degree live in “whiter” and “less Latinx” neighborhoods than those without a BA net of these multiple dimensions. The findings suggest that increased assimilation among Latinx young adults is unlikely to improve their residential attainment unless it specifically includes greater education.

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