scholarly journals Changes in Occupational Structure and Residential Segregation in Tokyo

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Masaya Uesugi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

AbstractSimilar to other industrialized countries, Japan has experienced a growth in income inequality since the 1980s. Furthermore, in the past few decades, Tokyo has come to adopt a more liberalist position for not only welfare and housing policy of the state but also to urban policy. This chapter examines the changes in socio-spatial inequality in Tokyo from 2000 to 2015. During this period, segregation indices confirm some level of residential separation between the top and bottom occupational groups, and segregation is fairly stable over time. This suggests that certain factors counteract the increase of residential segregation. A comparison between the Tokyo Metropolitan Region and the core city reveals that the core city amplifies spatial inequality. In contrast to the limited change in the city-wide levels of segregation, the changes in the residential patterns show that people with high occupational status tend to concentrate around the main railway station in suburban areas in the region and inside the core city, especially adjacent to the central neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Urban Projects and Residential Segregation: A Case Study of the Cabanyal Neighborhood in Valencia (Spain)

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Roxana-Diana Ilisei ◽  
Julia Salom-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

In this paper, we study the consequences of neoliberal urban policy, in terms of the segregation and social changes experienced in the Cabanyal neighborhood located in Valencia, Spain. In doing so, we analyze the process of residential mobility that has affected the neighborhood during the last decade, resulting in a segregation of space. This neighborhood had been affected, since 1988, by an urban project that was to bring about its partial destruction. Despite having been stopped, the project has caused a dynamic of physical and social degradation of the neighborhood against which the local government has only very recently started to intervene. Using microdata from the Residential Variation Statistics provided by the Statistical Office of the City of Valencia, we analyze the demographic profile of the mobility inside the Cabanyal neighborhood and also the origin of the arrivals and the destination of the departures from 2004–2016. The aim is to identify the territorial pattern of the socio-demographic changes that have affected the neighborhood. The results indicate that during the period under analysis, in which the area was affected by the urban project, a progressive loss in the Spanish population was occurring, as well as a substitution of non- EU immigrants, who were predominant at the beginning of the period, with EU immigrants. This process has produced a high level of residential segregation, since immigrants from the European Union are viewed more negatively than immigrants from outside of the European Union, which, along with their lower level of education and employment in low-skilled and poorly paid jobs, makes their social integration and interaction more difficult.

The city as a transient home: residential patterns of Moscow workers around the turn of the twentieth century

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA MAZANIK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT:This article examines the social topography and the housing patterns of Moscow workers in the context of their social status and experience of immigration. It argues that in the early twentieth century Moscow was characterized by extremely poor housing conditions and the absence of clear residential segregation of social classes due to the lack of profound planning policy and urban reforms.

scholarly journals Specificities of suburbanisation in post-socialist context: New housing construction in metropolitan region of Prague 1997-2005

Geografie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-356
Author(s):  
Luděk Sýkora ◽  
Darina Posová
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

The article analyses residential suburbanisation in Prague metropolitan region using data about new housing construction in the period of 1997-2005. Findings show that despite suburban areas account for large share of newly constructed housing, its majority is built within the compact city. Large share of new housing construction in the compact city indicates the vitality and strength of urban alternatives to suburbanisation. In addition, the paper illustrates the strengthening position of Prague metropolitan area within the country and discuses characteristics of new housing construction in the relation to the increasing distance from the city centre.

scholarly journals Changes in Spatial Inequality and Residential Segregation in Metropolitan Lima

2021 ◽  
pp. 471-490
Author(s):  
Graciela Fernández-de-Córdova ◽  
Paola Moschella ◽  
Ana María Fernández-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
The City

AbstractSince the 2000s, Lima city shows important changes in its socio-spatial structure, decreasing the long-established opposition between the centre and the periphery, developing a more complex arrangement. Sustained national economic growth has allowed better socio-economic conditions in different areas of the city. However, high inequality still remains in the ways of production of urban space, which affects residential segregation. To identify possible changes in the segregation patterns of Metropolitan Lima, this study focuses on the spatial patterns of occupational groups, examining their causes and relation with income inequality. The analysis is based on the 1993 and 2007 census data, measuring residential segregation by the Dissimilarity Index, comparing with the Diversity Index. The results confirm trends towards increased segregation between occupational groups. Top occupational groups are concentrated in central areas, expanding into adjacent districts. Bottom occupational groups are over-represented in distant neighbourhoods. In-between, a new, more mixed, transitional zone has emerged in upgraded formerly low-income neighbourhoods. Areas of lower occupational diversity coincide with extreme income values, forming spaces of greater segregation. In the metropolitan centre–periphery pattern, the centre has expanded, while the periphery has been shifted to outer peripheral rings.

scholarly journals Urban Policy And Heritage Planning: The Disproportionate Designation Of Heritage Conservation Districts (HCDs) In The City Of Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chante Barnwell
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Prioritization Process ◽  
Heritage Planning ◽  
The City

<div>This Major Research Paper (MRP) examines the disproportionate designation of Heritage Conservation Districts (HCDs) within the City of Toronto, which are predominantly located in the City's downtown core, compared to the City's inner suburban areas. To illustrate the discrepancies in HCD designation, two potential HCDs in Scarborough, one of three inner suburbs in Toronto, are chronologically examined. Both Agincourt and Midland Park’s HCD represent the most recent examples of heritage designation in the inner suburb, which stands as the only area in the City that has zero HCDs. Before the case studies are discussed, the effects of Toronto's 1998 amalgamation, select timeframes of the City's planning history and recent changes to Provincial planning legislation that govern municipalities' heritage approach are examined. It is determined that a series of factors contribute to the disproportionate designation of HCDs in the City of Toronto. These factors include the incremental designation of heritage properties post amalgamation, the lengthy heritage designation process, the intergovernmental nature of municipal heritage policies, the lack of public education on the benefits of heritage and a complex HCD prioritization process all contribute to the disproportionate designation of HCD’s in the City of Toronto. Four key recommendations are offered to help resolve the heritage designation issue in the City of Toronto.</div><div><br></div><div>Keywords: Heritage Conservation Districts; Toronto; Urban Planning, Urban Policy, Heritage Urbanism.</div>

“A Proper National Policy”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Ogorzalek
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The City ◽  
Aid Relief ◽  
National Urban Policy

This chapter chronicles the formative moments of the national urban alliance in American politics: when city leaders created the U.S. Conference of Mayors and petitioned Congress to develop a national urban policy in response to the massive crisis of the Great Depression. These leaders’ lobbying efforts led to a new kind of politics in which cities saw each other not only as rivals but as allies. This coalition lobbied for new urban policies—intergovernmental aid, relief work, affordable housing, and infrastructure development—that have remained the core of national urban policy and were ultimately institutionalized with the creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1965. Though the city leaders who created the USCM were from both parties, by the end of the 1940s, differences between the parties’ coalitions and elites meant that the urban political order had found a more comfortable home in the Democratic Party.

Residential Patterns of Korean Americans in the Chicago Metropolitan Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Donghee Koh ◽  
Sunita George
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Population ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Chicago Metropolitan Area ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hispanic Populations ◽  
The City

The city of Chicago is home to the third largest concentration of Korean Americans in the United States. It is estimated that four out of five Korean Americans in Chicago live in the suburbs. In this paper, the authors examine the extent of spatial assimilation of Korean Americans with both the “mainstream” American populations, namely, the Caucasian, Black and Hispanic populations, and also their residential patterns vis-à-vis other dominant Asian sub-groups in Chicago—Chinese, Indians and Filipinos. Their analysis examines spatial assimilation of Korean Americans in terms of their residential segregation/integration from 1970 to 2010 in a multi-ethnic context. Results indicate that in general Koreans are becoming more integrated (less segregated) with the White population over the forty year time period in every major county where they were clustered, while they are generally more segregated from the Black and Hispanic populations. Among the dominant Asian sub-groups, Korean Americans tended to be more integrated with Chinese and Indian populations, and more segregated from the Filipino population.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in the Urban Policies of European Cities in the Age of the Sustainable City

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The City ◽  
Green Belts

The emergence of the modern concept of the sustainable city raises afresh the longstanding issue of the place and role of vegetation in urban and peri-urban areas in Europe. The awareness of biodiversity and the exploration of the services provided by ecosystems both lead to the development of ecological networks based on green spaces in and around the city. The establishment of these networks converges with the control of urban growth and urban sprawl, with the ‘green belts’. Drawing on the development of public policy governing the place of vegetation in Berlin, London and Paris, this article seeks to show the correspondences that have developed in the discussions of urban policy carried on in the major industrialized countries, and also the conflicting goals which these policies are meant to implement.

Residential Segregation under Jim Crow: Whites, Blacks, and Mulattoes in Southern Cities, 1880–1920

2021 ◽  
pp. 153568412110525
Author(s):  
Isabelle R. Notter ◽  
John R. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Fine Spatial Scale ◽  
Racial Identities

We study the residential patterns of blacks and mulattoes in 10 Southern cities in 1880 and 1920. Researchers have documented the salience of social differences among African Americans in this period, partly related to mulattoes’ higher occupational status. Did these differences result in clustering of these two groups in different neighborhoods, and were mulattoes less separated from whites? If so, did the differences diminish in these decades after Reconstruction due a Jim Crow system that did not distinguish between blacks and mulattoes? We use geocoded census microdata for 1880 and 1920 to address these questions. Segregation between whites and both blacks was already high in 1880, especially at a fine spatial scale, and it increased sharply by 1920. In this respect, whites did not distinguish between these two groups. However, blacks and mulattoes were quite segregated from one another in 1880, and even more so by 1920. This pattern did not result from mulattoes’ moderately higher-class position. Hence, as the color line between whites and all non-whites was becoming harder, blacks and mulattoes were separating further from each other. Understanding what led to this pattern remains a key question about racial identities and racialization in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals Residential segregation and clustering dynamics of migrants in the metropolitan area of Barcelona

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Juan Galeano ◽  
Jordi Bayona-i-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Nouveaux Arrivants ◽  
And Migration

Abstract During the first decade of the 21st century, the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona underwent an enormous demographic transformation following the arrival of more than 300’000 foreign immigrants. The residential patterns resulting from the settlement of the newcomers drastically changed the composition of the human landscape at all territorial levels, both national and local, confronting policy makers and migration managers with the tremendous challenge of managing the increasing population diversity. Within this context, two linked phenomena are perceived as particularly relevant for social cohesion: (i) the degree of residential segregation between different population groups and (ii) the spatial concentration of the newcomers. To assess the degree and trend of spatial assimilation of different immigrant groups and the process of formation of areas of concentration and their evolution over time, we combine the analysis of residential segregation at the metropolitan level with the application of the local indicator of spatial association (Moran’s I), which allows us to locate areas of residential clustering at the census tract level. Our results show the coexistence of a general trend towards the spatial assimilation of foreign-born populations at the regional level (except for Western Europeans), along with the consolidation, and even extension, of ethnic concentrations at the local level. Résumé Au cours de la première décennie du 21ème siècle, la région métropolitaine de Barcelone a subi une énorme transformation démographique suite à l’arrivée de plus de 300 000 immigrants étrangers. Les schémas résidentiels résultant de l’ins­tallation des nouveaux arrivants ont considérablement modifié la composition du paysage humain à tous les niveaux territoriaux, nationaux et locaux, confrontant les décideurs et les gestionnaires des migrations à l’énorme défi de gérer la diversité démographique croissante. Dans ce contexte, deux phénomènes liés sont perçus comme particulièrement pertinents pour la cohésion sociale : (i) le degré de ségrégation résidentielle entre différents groupes de population et (ii) la concentration spatiale des nouveaux arrivants. Pour évaluer le degré et les tendances de l’assimi­lation spatiale des différents groupes d’immigrants et le processus de formation des aires de concentration et leur évolution dans le temps, nous combinons l’analy­se de la ségrégation résidentielle au niveau métropolitain avec l’indicateur de Moran d’association spatiale au niveau local, ce qui nous permet de localiser les zones de regroupement résidentiel au niveau des secteurs de recensement. Nos résultats montrent une tendance générale vers l’assimilation spatiale des populations nées à l’étranger au niveau régional (sauf pour les Européens de l’Ouest), simultanément à la consolidation, voire l’extension, des concentrations ethniques au niveau local.  

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