One Belt, One Road: China's Strategy for a New Global Financial Order

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sit Tsui ◽  
Erebus Wong ◽  
Lau Kin Chi ◽  
Wen Tiejun
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
New Development ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Peaceful Development

In late 2013, Chinese premier Xi Jinping announced a pair of new development and trade initiatives for China and the surrounding region: the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "Twenty-First-Century Maritime Silk Road," together known as One Belt, One Road (OBOR). Along with the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the OBOR policies represent an ambitious spatial expansion of Chinese state capitalism, driven by an excess of industrial production capacity, as well as by emerging financial capital interests. The Chinese government has publicly stressed the lessons of the 1930s overcapacity crisis in the West that precipitated the Second World War, and promoted these new initiatives in the name of "peaceful development." Nevertheless, the turn to OBOR suggests a regional scenario broadly similar to that in Europe between the end of the nineteenth century and the years before the First World War, when strong nations jostled one another for industrial and military dominance.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

The Study of Intellectual Property Protection System

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Dongjuan Lv ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
National Development ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Strategic Coordination ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The One

The “One Belt One Road” strategy is the abbreviation of “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road.” In September and October of 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to build the cooperation initiative of “New Silk Road Economic Belt” and “The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.” President Xi Jinping projected to establish the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” during his visit in Indonesia in October 2013. Finally, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Commerce cooperatively issued the “Vision and Action for Promoting the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” on March 28, 2015. The “One Belt One Road” countries were key areas of cooperation in the context of China's policy in communication, road connectivity, smooth trade, currency circulation, people's mutual understanding, strategic coordination to strengthen bilateral and multilateral teamwork, and corresponding development.

scholarly journals The Security Challenges of the “One Belt, One Road” Initiative and China’s Choices

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Haiquan
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Turmoil

Abstract The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiatives (“One Belt, One Road”) are of significance in enhancing China’s open economy. This article explores the dual security challenges faced by the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. These challenges include both traditional security challenges, such as great power competition, territorial and island disputes, and political turmoil in the region, as well as non-traditional threats such as terrorism, piracy, and transnational organized crime. This article analyzes the present situation of security cooperation in the region covered by “One Belt, One Road” and also suggests that China needs to pay special attention to three issues, namely the supply of public security goods, the interests of the United States and Russia, and the pivot of Pakistan, besides developing its own strength.

scholarly journals One Belt One Road and Global Maritime Fulcrum: Between Contradictions and Harmony

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Catharina Dheani
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The South ◽  
The Road ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Foreign Politics ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
To Come ◽  
Two Sides

A story of connectivity, part of the international diplomatic arena with routes, hubs, and corridors has been set as the mantra of the Belt and the Road of China. In 2013, when China’s paramount leader, Mr. Xi took a visit in mostly Central Asia and Southeast Asia, he initiatively proposed to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. It is then being abbreviated as OBOR (One Belt One Road) which represents China’s audacious vision to transform political region in Europe, Africa, and Asia for decades to come. The initiative absolutely calls for a greater integration of those regions into a cohesive economic area through building infrastructure, increasing cultural exchanges, and broadening trade. This centerpiece of Mr. Xi’s foreign policy has been categorized as the most important feature of the country to show its charm in offering a deeper connection and a bundle of developmental pledges towards all neighboring countries. Indonesia, the south neighboring country of China, is also included in the orbit of convergence with Jokowi’s vision and foreign politics strategies ‘to be a global maritime fulcrum.’ Both are in attempt to reinvigorate what each apprehends as their previous maritime glory. However, there are several limits of cooperation between the two sides, in particular the territorial issue in the South China Sea. Confrontations in fishing and coast guard ships, including a domineering manner of China’s foreign conduct are the current impediments to advance cooperation. Yet, it is evident that Indonesia will need Chinese investments in order to realize the Global Maritime Fulcrum. All in all, this research aims to analyze the concept of connectivity between two sides as well as to explore on how Indonesia and China could maintain their partnership to achieve each specific national goals without stepping on each other’s toes

scholarly journals Cooperation Formats of China and Europe: Synergies and Divergences

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Šteinbuka ◽  
Tatyana Muravska ◽  
Andris Kuznieks
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Investment Plan ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This contribution articulates the synergies and divergences of the various formats of cooperation between China and the European countries. The EU and China have a strong interest in each other’s flagship initiatives, namely the Investment Plan for Europe, and the One Belt, One Road Initiative (Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road). The authors argue that there are certain synergies between these initiatives. Furthermore, the new initiative EU-China Connectivity Platform is aimed to explore these synergies. The authors explore the recent developments in the EU-China investments, trade cooperation and the challenges of the ever-growing CEEC-China partnership in different formats, including the new platform of 16+1. The authors examine these implications in relation to the need to expand and adapt the content and approach of the EU-China Bilateral Investment agreement. The article concludes that the CEEC-China relation does not go against the EU; moreover, neither the CEE countries nor China have any motivation to try to weaken the EU.

One belt, one road to nowhere

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Babones
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The One

China faces many hostile neighbours; relations with Japan are particularly fraught. China has thus sought friends farther afield, abandoning the Deng-Hu "keeping a low profile" (KLP) strategy for Xi Jinpeng's expansive "striving for achievement" (SFA) strategy. The centerpiece of SFA is the One Belt, One Road (1B1R) initiative. China's Silk Road Economic Belt is often said to have sparked a new "Great Game" for influence in Central Asia, but Central Asian economies are much too small to have any substantive impact on Eurasian geopolitics. China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road to Southeast Asia and beyond has been influential only in Africa, where it has little impact on global power structures. Like the fifteenth century voyages of Zheng He, the ultimate purpose of 1B1R may be to legitimate the Chinese government's rule at home. Even in this it is failing, as elite Chinese seek citizenships abroad. Birth tourism to the United States has emerged as their most important family exit strategy.

Railway's Impacts on Modal Shift Potential Towards Intermodal Transportation: A Case Study in Lao PDR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Klairung Ponanan ◽  
Wachira Wichitphongsa
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The Silk Road

Chinese government has developed transport infrastructure rapidly under Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) strategy. The BRI strategy is China's economic development strategies for expanding trade and cultural influence towards countries in western and eastern regions, including ASEAN. The development of BRI strategy is consists of two main components i.e., (i) the Silk Road Economic Belt, follows the historical overland Silk Road through Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and eventually to Europe, and (ii) the Maritime Silk Road, originates in the South China Sea, passing through the Malacca Strait, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea and extending into the Mediterranean Sea (Chris & Elizabeth, 2015). Due to the BRI strategy, more than 6000 trains made the journey from China to Europe in 2018, which is an increase of 72% compared to 2017. China has sent more than 11,000 freight trains to Europe and back since the BRI strategy was announced in 2013. Railway networks have been constructed under the BRI strategy for connecting 48 Chinese cities with 42 cities in Europe through Asia. There are many railway infrastructures under the BRI strategy. The China – Laos railway (Vientiane–Boten railway) is one of project under the Silk Road Economic Belt that has been developed for serving as a key infrastructure for the economic corridor between the two countries. In nearly future, this railway will be helped to boost trade, investment and tourism for Lao PDR. and south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Vientiane–Boten railway, especially transportation time will attract both travelers and Logistics Service Providers (LSP), which can be reduced time of journey compared with road mode. In this paper, modal shift potential of travelers and freight on Kunming-Bangkok Highway (R3A), AH2, AH8, AH9, AH10, AH12, AH13, and AH18 have been investigated by considering behavioral aspects of long distance travel. Keywords: Mode Split Model, Modal Shift, Vientiane–Boten railway, Travel Behaviour

scholarly journals ANALYZING AMERICAN VALUES IN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447
Author(s):  
Siti Nurhasanah ◽  
Marthen Napang ◽  
Syaiful Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Manifest Destiny ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Silk Route ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was initiated by Xi Jinping after being elected as the president of China in 2012. BRI connects Asia, Africa, and Europe based on shared-destiny to created trade routes integrates main centers of economic vitality. This project gave benefit for all participating countries, such as providing help for poorer regions. Even China created a financial system that supports this project, called The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and The New Development Bank (NDB). China's efforts to expand its influence in the world are similar to US efforts in the 19th century, known as Manifest Destiny. Americans believed that the US is destined to expand the territories westward approaching Pacific Ocean and spreading democracy. This effort is also highly related to their belief that the US is a City upon a Hill. There was some belief that the US becomes a great country that leads other nations in the world. The focus of this paper is two American beliefs in the context of China's effort to increasing its economic and military power in the world by reactivating the Silk route. The author uses the concept of Tianxia as City upon a Hill and Manifest Destiny in Chinese version in analyzing China's measures to increase its strength on an international level. The author will further analyze how these beliefs being adopted by Chinese government in realizing its dream of regaining the glory of managing silk-road, making it the new silk-road. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), New Silk Route, Manifest Destiny, City upon a Hill, Tianxia

China's Indian Ocean strategy will be hotly contested

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Subject China's Indian Ocean strategy. Significance The Xi Jinping administration plans to integrate Eurasia and Africa more closely with China through investment and infrastructure, including pipelines, railways, roads and ports under the 'Silk Road Economic Belt' and 'New Maritime Silk Road' initiatives. The former is designed for Eurasia, the latter for the Indian Ocean. This is of growing concern to India, which sees the Indian Ocean as its sphere of influence. Impacts Indian Ocean stakeholders including the United States, India and Australia will cooperate to balance Chinese activities. China's ties with Persian Gulf countries will strengthen as China overtakes the United States as the largest crude oil importer. China's South China Sea and Indian Ocean strategies are interlinked on economic and security goals.

scholarly journals A brief analysis of new media pushing "The Belt and Road" Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiqiang Xiao ◽  
Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract: in 2013, President Xi put forward the strategic ideas of "Silk Road Economic Belt" and "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" during his visit to central Asia and South Asia, which gained extensive attention from the international community. To promote the implementation of the "The Belt and Road" initiative, it is necessary to not only build good infrastructure to promote economic and trade exchanges between countries, but also create a good public opinion environment to enhance exchanges and mutual trust between countries. New media, as one of the main channels of information communication in the current era, plays an important role in spreading the culture of "The Belt and Road" initiative and promoting economic cooperation among countries with its characteristics of flexibility, interactivity and high efficiency. Exploring the role of new media in promoting the political, cultural and economic aspects of the "The Belt and Road" initiative will be of great significance to mastering the power of discourse of the Silk Road and strengthening the exchanges and cooperation among countries along the route.

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