DECISION PRINCIPLES FOR ASCENT SUPPORTS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlagbauer ◽  
Christian Hofstadler ◽  
Cornelia Ninaus
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Current State ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
A Site ◽  
Economic Comparison

Ladders are the ascent system most commonly used to scale up a building, due to the low initial costs compared to other ascent equipment. The insufficiency of this approach is shown in an economic comparison of ladders, stair towers, and scaffoldings with integrated ascent support. Based on empirical studies, cost data and the current state of scientific knowledge, the ascent support with the highest economic value can be determined by considering safety, cost, time, stress, physical stress and strain, and frequency of use. A survey evaluated vertical transport routes, the ascent systems ladders, stair towers, and scaffoldings with integrated ladders. The findings indicate that from an economic point of view, ladders should be used only on construction sites where less than 54 ascents were performed each day. This leads to the assumption that for typical construction sites, with at least 6 ascents per person per day and a site usage for a period longer than one week, the operation of ladders is uneconomical.

Economic Comparison of Fire Fighting Measures of Gypsum-Based Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Marcela Halirova ◽  
Radek Janousek ◽  
Hana Sevcikova ◽  
Radek Fabian ◽  
Eva Machovcakova
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Comparison

Fire resistance of building structures is important not only in terms of prevention of hazards to human health, but also from the economic point of view. The choice of method of fire protection of steel structures depends on the responsible choice of finish or cladding material and suitable technology implementation. Although the assessment of fire risk is a priority, when selecting the decisive criteria we must not also forget the cost of fire protection measures. This article aims at economic comparison of the two fire protection measures for the steel column of rolled profiles.

Continuous thermal hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion of sludge. Energy integration study

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Pérez-Elvira ◽  
F. Fdz-Polanco
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Secondary Sludge

Experimental data obtained from the operation in a pilot plant are used to perform mass and energy balances to a global process combining units of thermal hydrolysis (TH) of secondary sludge, anaerobic digestion (AD) of hydrolysed secondary sludge together with fresh primary sludge, and cogeneration from biogas by using a gas engine in which the biogas produces electricity and heat from the exhaust gases. Three scenarios were compared, corresponding to the three digesters operated: C (conventional AD, 17 days residence time), B (combined TH + AD, same time), and A (TH + AD at half residence time). The biogas production of digesters B and A was 33 and 24% better, respectively when compared with C. In the case of the combined TH + AD process (scenarios A and B), the key factors in the energy balance were the recovery of heat from hot streams, and the concentration of sludge. The results of the balances showed that for 8% DS concentration of the secondary sludge tested in the pilot plant, the process can be energetically self-sufficient, but a fraction of the biogas must by-pass the gas engine to be directly burned. From an economic point of view, scenario B is more profitable in terms of green energy and higher waste removal, while scenario A reduces the digester volume required by a half. Considering a population of 100,000 inhabitants, the economic benefit is 87,600 €/yr for scenario A and 132,373 €/yr for B. This value can be increased to 223,867 €/yr by increasing the sludge concentration of the feeding to the TH unit to a minimum value that allows use of all the biogas to produce green energy. This concentration is 13% DS, which is still possible from a practical point of view. Additional benefits gained with the combined TH + AD process are the enhancement of the digesters rheology and the possibility of getting Class A biosolids. The integration study presented here set the basis for the scale-up to a demonstration plant.

scholarly journals Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Extracted Oil from Pistacia lentiscus L.: Mathematical Modeling, Economic Evaluation and Scale-Up

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkarim Aydi ◽  
André Wüst Zibetti ◽  
Abdulaal Z. Al-Khazaal ◽  
Aboulbaba ELADEB ◽  
Manef ADBERRABA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Transfer Parameter ◽  
Mass Transfer Parameter

In this study, the extracted oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. the Tunis region was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction containing different major components in the oil such as α-pinene (32%) and terpinene-4-ol (13%). The investigation of the effect of different variables on the extraction yield with 5% level of confidence interval showed that the CO2 pressure was the main significant variable to influence the oil yield. In order to better understand the phenomena, three parameters were considered to adjust all parameters of broken and intact cell (BIC) model: grinding efficiency (G), the internal mass transfer parameter ( k S a 0 ), and the external mass transfer parameter ( k f a 0 ), which were estimated by experimental extraction curves to calculate the diffusion coefficient. From an economic point of view, we found out that the high cost of production of the extracted oil was due to the low mass of extracted oil obtained from this type of plant.

scholarly journals The economic value of the museum of central Finland

1970 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Timo Tohmo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Social Existence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Economic Impact ◽  
The University

In this article, the limits of the social existence of one museum – the Museum of Central Finland – is studied from an economic point of view by asking visitors and non-visitors to museums how much they are willing to pay as taxpayers for the services of the museum. The theme is from the author’s article dissertation in economics,”Regional Economic Structures in Finland: Analyses of Location and Regional Economic Impact”, which he defended on 3rd August 2007 at the University of Jyväskylä. 

Analyzing and Researching of the Economic Utility of Information Resource Configuration Based on Cloud Computing

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2863-2868
Author(s):  
Yina Wu ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
Lina Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
Information Industry ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Resource Configuration ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Utility Of Information

The amount of investment in the information technology facilities continue to improve, but the use of information resources is far from the desired target and resources are not utilized effectively,. The lower level configuration is gradually emerging. Cloud computing can help improve effective, rational, and scientific use of information resources to promote the information resource utility, thus contributing to the sustainable development of the information industry. The article from the economic point of view, especially from the economic utility and cost saving view, analyze the economic value of cloud computing configuration. Thus, It demonstrate the positive economic value of technological revolution application mode represented by the cloud computing from the point of view of economics.

The e3value Ontology for Value Networks: Current State and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Current State ◽  
Graphical Tool ◽  
New Business ◽  
Value Modeling ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Meeting changing customer demands and business opportunities in a connected world makes it necessary for organizations to constantly innovate by means of value-creating collaborations. The goal of value modeling is to support the exploration of new business models from an economic point of view. The e3value approach to value modeling is based on an explicit ontology and supported by a graphical tool. This paper provides a structured overview and evaluation of e3value, and discusses two important issues. The first issue concerns the difference between a value co-creation perspective and an exchange value perspective. It shows that with some extensions, e3value can support both. The second issue is model quality. It argues that an ontology is not complete without model quality features and, as far as e3value is concerned, proposes to use the notion of “value cycle” as a soundness feature and as a replacement of the scenario concept.

Economic Comparison of the Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle – Taking China, US and Belgium as Examples

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1642-1647
Author(s):  
Wen Jing Wu ◽  
Luo Jia Zhu ◽  
Er Kang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Auto Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Vehicle Development ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
Economic Comparison

New energy vehicles are becoming the future of auto industry and acquire considerable significance in many fields including energy conservation, CO2 emission reduction, environmental protection, oil dependence reduction, cultivation of new economic growth point, etc.. Based on international comparison and investigation to China’s two major auto industry bases----Changchun and Hubei, this paper discusses and analyzes, from economic point of view, the world new energy vehicle development and its experiences to China. Compares China’s new energy vehicle policies with relevant US policies. Analyzes the success of Belgian high tech and green plastic auto development. Illustrates, from consumers’ and companies’ view respectively, influence of China’s policies to the new energy vehicle development. Finally, summarizes the characteristics of China’s development, studies problems existing, and puts forward certain constructive suggestions.

scholarly journals The economic value of the 2010 Soccer World Cup

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saayman ◽  
R. Rossouw
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Cge Modelling

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to estimate the potential economic value of the 2010 Soccer World Cup for South Africa. Problem investigated: The Soccer World Cup (SWC) is regarded as the largest sporting event to be hosted and South Africa is investing billions of Rand in the hosting thereof. Based on this the question that comes to mind is, what is the potential economic value of such an event? Previous research attempts to determine the economic value were limited in their focus on what should be included when economic modelling of events is conducted. Most of these studies were done by consultants on behalf of various government departments and consequently, the results of these attempts are criticised for their over-inflating and overestimations by various other researchers. Methodology: The literature review identified many aspects that need to be taken into account when modelling the economic impact of such an event together with aspects identified in the literature review. Lessons from the 2002 Korea/Japan and 2006 Germany Soccer World Cups were used as premise for our estimations. In this article, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling is used to estimate the potential economic value. Findings: The results showed that the 2010 Soccer World Cup would in all probability have positive impacts on the economy of the country in terms of GDP growth and employment, with possible negative effects that include higher inflation and net export losses. Value of research: The value of this research lies in the approach that was followed firstly, by introducing lessons learned from previous World Cups as well as aspects not taken into consideration previously in economic modelling and secondly, by using CGE modelling in determining the economic value. Conclusion: The hosting of the 2010 Soccer World Cup is a major achievement not only for South Africa, but also for the rest of Africa, especially from a marketing point of view. From an economic point of view, this study shows positive results. However, compared to other studies conducted on the 2010 SWC, the findings are more conservative. The latter is supported by the results of a similar study conducted one year after the 2006 Soccer World Cup in Germany supporting the notion that various variables have to be taken into account when economic modelling for hallmark events is done.

scholarly journals Current state and prospects of certification of Chernihiv region forest resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tertychna ◽  
G. Ryabukha ◽  
N. Miroshnyk ◽  
К. Kudriashova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Current State

The article examines the importance of the forestry complex for maintaining the natural balance and conservation of biodiversity from an ecological point of view, and compliance with international standards and access to international markets from an economic point of view. The areas covered with forest vegetation, as well as the forest cover of the territories of European countries and Ukraine were analyzed. The deviation of the actual average forest cover of the territory from the optimal one in Ukraine (by 4.1%) was revealed. Zonal indicators of Ukraine’s forest cover were considered, and the territories of the country with insufficient afforestation were identified. The importance of forest certification for ensuring economically and ecologically balanced forest management was considered. The positive dynamics according to the area of the certified forests, growth rates of the area, growth rates of the number of forestry certificates, and supply chain certificates among Ukrainian producers was analytically confirmed. Forestry activity in Chernihiv region in 2015–2020 was analyzed according to the area of certified forests, types of forest vegetation, and afforestation areas. The current FSC certified state-owned enterprises of Chernihiv region are also identified: Novhorod-Siversky Forestry, Nizhyn Forestry, Kholmy Forestry and certified products (roundwood logs), wood chips, sawdust, fuel wood, beams, planks, and finished dimensional lumber) and promising areas of certification (twigs, plank flooring, wood wool, pallets, etc.) were identified. The long-term benefit of FSC certification for domestic forests has been proved. It was determined and reasoned that forest certification is a tool to increase the competitiveness of domestic forests and integration into foreign markets.

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