FLEXIBLE SYSTEMS DESIGN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Cellucci ◽  
Michele Di Sivo
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
Life Cycle Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
The Relationship

The research explores the relationship between uncertainty, flexibility and Life Cycle Design in the design of complex systems, in general, and in the particular case of the design of building systems. In the architectural-engineering works, conceived as activities aimed at generating new systems, the comparison with the uncertainty is inevitable. There is a wide range of types of uncertainty; a possible simplification is to consider two types of causes of uncertainty, the presence of the internal or external uncertainties to the system. That is the variability of demand (unknowns about the social and economic context) or the variability of technological market (unknowns about the performance of the system), in other words the functional obsolescence and the technological obsolescence. If flexibility is the ability of a system to be easily modified and to respond to changes in the environment in a timely and convenient, then the flexibility can be considered the antidote to obsolescence, or the characteristic of the system that guarantees slippage over time. It’s that property that makes the system resilient able to absorb the shock and/or disturbance without undergoing major alterations in its functional organization, in its structure and in its identity characteristics. In the paper, the flexibility is therefore seen as a fundamental property for designing a generally complex system, and particularly in architectural design, through the identification of design criteria for the implementation of this requirement, that influence on architecture (form more technology) of the system.

When the Rainbows Bring the Crawfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
V. Constanza Ocampo-Raeder
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

In this article I present the social life of camarones, a Peruvian river crustacean used in some of the region’s favorite dishes, and the liminal space they occupy in the geography, minds, and ecosystem of Peru and its people. I situate the relationship between these crawfish and the folks who capture them, known as camaroneros, within insights of environmental anthropologists and food scholars who also explore the connections between cultural and biological diversity and the entangled socio-ecological histories that inform the manner in which nature is mediated and understood by local societies. In this article, however, I expand this understanding to reveal unexpected spaces of engagement, especially those that emerge while eating, which tend to be overlooked by bounded notions of culture and nature and limit the ways we can imagine human-nature relationships. Via the story of camarones and camaroneros of one river valley of Peru, I argue that eating is a socio-ecological act that is imbued with profound cultural meanings involving a wide range of participants—not just farmers or producers—each with their own ecological identities yet still implicitly linked to one another through the process of producing, preparing, and consuming food.

The social structure of free and open source software development

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Crowston ◽  
James Howison
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bug Tracking ◽  
The Relationship

Metaphors, such as the Cathedral and Bazaar, used to describe the organization of FLOSS projects typically place them in sharp contrast to proprietary development by emphasizing FLOSS’s distinctive social and communications structures. But what do we really know about the communication patterns of FLOSS projects? How generalizable are the projects that have been studied? Is there consistency across FLOSS projects? Questioning the assumption of distinctiveness is important because practitioner–advocates from within the FLOSS community rely on features of social structure to describe and account for some of the advantages of FLOSS production. To address this question, we examined 120 project teams from SourceForge, representing a wide range of FLOSS project types, for their communications centralization as revealed in the interactions in the bug tracking system. We found that FLOSS development teams vary widely in their communications centralization, from projects completely centered on one developer to projects that are highly decentralized and exhibit a distributed pattern of conversation between developers and active users. We suggest, therefore, that it is wrong to assume that FLOSS projects are distinguished by a particular social structure merely because they are FLOSS. Our findings suggest that FLOSS projects might have to work hard to achieve the expected development advantages which have been assumed to flow from "going open." In addition, the variation in communications structure across projects means that communications centralization is useful for comparisons between FLOSS teams. We found that larger FLOSS teams tend to have more decentralized communication patterns, a finding that suggests interesting avenues for further research examining, for example, the relationship between communications structure and code modularity.

The social structure of free and open source software development (originally published in Volume 10, Number 2, February 2005)

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Crowston ◽  
James Howison
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bug Tracking ◽  
The Relationship

Metaphors, such as the Cathedral and Bazaar, used to describe the organization of FLOSS projects typically place them in sharp contrast to proprietary development by emphasizing FLOSS’s distinctive social and communications structures. But what do we really know about the communication patterns of FLOSS projects? How generalizable are the projects that have been studied? Is there consistency across FLOSS projects? Questioning the assumption of distinctiveness is important because practitioner–advocates from within the FLOSS community rely on features of social structure to describe and account for some of the advantages of FLOSS production. To address this question, we examined 120 project teams from SourceForge, representing a wide range of FLOSS project types, for their communications centralization as revealed in the interactions in the bug tracking system. We found that FLOSS development teams vary widely in their communications centralization, from projects completely centered on one developer to projects that are highly decentralized and exhibit a distributed pattern of conversation between developers and active users. We suggest, therefore, that it is wrong to assume that FLOSS projects are distinguished by a particular social structure merely because they are FLOSS. Our findings suggest that FLOSS projects might have to work hard to achieve the expected development advantages which have been assumed to flow from "going open." In addition, the variation in communications structure across projects means that communications centralization is useful for comparisons between FLOSS teams. We found that larger FLOSS teams tend to have more decentralized communication patterns, a finding that suggests interesting avenues for further research examining, for example, the relationship between communications structure and code modularity.

Thanks, but No Thanks: Unpacking the Relationship Between Relative Power and Gratitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110259
Author(s):  
Eric M. Anicich ◽  
Alice J. Lee ◽  
Shi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Psychological Entitlement ◽  
Interpersonal Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relational History

Power and gratitude are universal features of social life and impact a wide range of intra- and interpersonal outcomes. Drawing on the social distance theory of power, we report four studies that examine how relative power influences feelings and expressions of gratitude. An archival analysis of author acknowledgements in published academic articles ( N = 1,272) revealed that low-power authors expressed more gratitude than high-power authors. A pre-registered experiment ( N = 283) involving live conversations online found that having relatively low power caused increased feelings and expressions of gratitude after benefiting from a favor. Another pre-registered experiment ( N = 356) demonstrated that increased interpersonal orientation among lower power individuals and increased psychological entitlement among higher power individuals drove these effects. Finally, an archival analysis of conversational exchanges ( N = 136,215) among Wikipedia editors revealed that relational history moderated the effect of relative power on gratitude expression. Overall, our findings highlight when and why relative power influences feelings and expressions of gratitude.

Factor Modeling Of Russian Women’s Perceptions Of Combining Family And Career

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Blednova ◽  
Anna Bagirova
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Working Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Factor Modeling ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Late Childbearing ◽  
The Relationship

Sociologists and demographers explain late childbearing by the transformation of the life values of modern women. This is considered as one of the reasons for the decline in the birth rate. Our study aims to reveal perceptions of the relationship between career and family in the life strategies of working Russian women by using factor analysis. We collected data in a sociological survey of working women living in the Ural region. We asked respondents to rate 10 statements about work, family and children. We constructed 3-factors model of Russian women’s perceptions of combining family and career. Then we used correlationanalysis to assess the relationship between these factors and the social and demographic parameters of the respondents. We concluded that the use of factor analysis made it possible to model a wide range of Russian women’s perceptions of combining family and career. Considering the results obtained may contribute to improving the regulation of interaction of two important societal spheres of professional and parental activities and create conditions for increasing the birth rate in Russia.

Natura în romanul românesc (1845-1947)

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Alex Ciorogar ◽  
Jessica Brenda Codină ◽  
Alex Văsieș ◽  
Vlad Pojoga ◽  
Ștefan Baghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interactive Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A post-anthropocentric epistemological assemblage becomes indispensable in the investigation of the ecology of the Romanian novel. We examine the interactive relationship of various dynamic systems, such as 1) the evolution of the Romanian novel, 2) the modes of representation of the environment, and 3) the social-political history of the autochthonous space. Using a wide range of methodological perspectives, this paper also examines the relationship between literature and the Earth sciences, thus envisioning a new type of literary history where the Romanian novel should be thought as existing within hyper-objects, such as the climate, agriculture, wilderness, pollution, biosphere, cultural politics, capitalism, or geology. The article finally addresses the issue of zoopoetics both as an object of study in the MDRR digital archive (1845-1947) and as a reading strategy, thus, favoring the relationship between animality and narrativity.

Corruption and human nature: an ecosystem analysis experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
NIZAMI MAMEDOV ◽  
◽  
ZHANNA SHISHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Service Ecosystem ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
External Incentives ◽  
The Relationship

The global problem of corruption needs an integrative understanding from psychology, sociology, jurisprudence, and cultural approaches. Corruption threatens national and global security, leads to the degradation of humanistic, moral values, and significantly reduces the level of social capital and the effectiveness of governance in a wide range of areas. The article considers the origins of corruption and its motivating factors based on ideas concerning the nature of man, the human psyche, based on an analysis of the relationship between the conscious and unconscious levels of consciousness and subconscious, instinctive impulses. The author discusses the possibility of preventing corruption in an ecosystem approach to civil service, which would allow a holistic presentation of internal and external factors that determine the essence of the civil service, the prerequisites, and conditions for its harmonization with the social environment. By understanding civil servants’ behavior, internal motives, and external incentives, it is possible to define a public service ecosystem that will ensure a symbiosis between the civil service, society, and the State. The creation of such an ecosystem can contribute to the qualitative improvement of public administration.

Meeting at Grand Central

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Cronk ◽  
Beth L. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Slave Rebellions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter summarizes the book's findings regarding cooperation, coordination, and collective action as well as adaptation and the role that organizations play in fostering cooperation. It first considers four vignettes, each highlighting a contrast between a situation in which cooperation did occur and one in which it did not: water as a common-pool resource, grassroots justice in Tanzania, slave rebellions, and coordinated and uncoordinated air traffic. It then offers some observations regarding the relationship between the social and life sciences, with particular emphasis on consilience, emergence, and the scientific division of labor. The chapter explains how consilience is made possible by emergence and cites the study of cooperation as an excellent example of how the division of labor among the sciences can lead to a wide range of complementary insights regarding specific social phenomena.

scholarly journals Ecological Structures with Hyperbolic Geometries in Public Spaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura DUMITRASCU ◽  
Razvan NICA ◽  
Calin CORDUBAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Hyperbolic Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Focus

Nowadays, in central urban areas, the social activities are generally materialized into passive interactions. Although the built environment has no direct influence on the quality, the content and the intensity of social interactions, the architects and planners can at least influence the potential for physical, visual and auditory contact among people - the so-called active interactions - usually, one of the most important characteristics of public spaces. The built framework of public urban spaces can provide a wide range of opportunities for the development of human relationships, so that the architectural design and the social processes are supporting one another. The perspective of sustainability for the design of public spaces refers to three major aspects (eco-system, economy and society) and can be achieved with various temporary or permanent structures that separate and organize public spaces, giving them different social connotations (landscape design components, ecological structures with optimal geometries, etc.). Therefore, the use of hyperbolic geometries (for which the curvature is negative and the space created is open ) seems appropriate because of the structural optimization that leads to a minimum material consumption. The hyperbolic structures can also help improve the overall image of public spaces, generating atypical areas with a significant impact (both visual and auditory) on the receiving public. The present paper illustrates several types of hyperbolic geometries optimized for different ecological structures (wood, bamboo, textiles, etc.) located in public spaces (public squares, parks, gardens). Our primary focus will be on the analysis of the main principles of sustainable development, their degree of compliance and on the active interactions between people - created by the implementation of such structures in public green areas.

scholarly journals Social conflicts in Ukraine XIX century in historiography and sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Tetiana Lytvynova
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article was to identify the historiographic tradition of highlighting social conflicts in Ukrainian society of the nineteenth century. Using the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis made it possible to ascertain that in modern Ukrainian historica science the modern period is still considered mainly from the perspective of the concept of Ukrainian national revival, while the specifics of social processes continue to be reproduced at the level of historiography of the ХIX–ХХ centuries. The main result was the consideration of several persistent historiographic myths that explain the relationship between noble landlords and serfs exclusively in the categories of class struggle. The desire to perceive and reconstruct peasant-noble relations only from such an angle of view precluded the factor of chance in these conflicts, their criminal component. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that on the basis of archival sources an attempt has been made to show the vulnerability of such a perception of landowner-peasant interaction, the variety of causes and motives of social conflicts. It is argued that popular protests were not directly related to the deterioration of the situation of peasants, but were the result, first of all, of a sharp change in their legal and social status. It is noted that in the historiography of the New History of Ukraine the problem of intraclass conflicts was not even posed. This applies to all social groups, which in Ukrainian historiography are shown as extremely consolidated communities. Attention is drawn to the fact that historians often demonstrate a selective approach to sources, leaving behind the scenes episodes of friendly, solidary relations between landowners and peasants, frequent cases of a breakdown of mutual consent, refusal of peasants to be released, and examples of mutual assistance. The conclusion and practical significance of the study is that modern approaches in historical science require abandoning the extremes in interpreting the social history of Ukraine. It is necessary to pay attention to the reconstruction of the social situation, taking into account the specifics of the relationship between all participants in the agrarian process in the prereform Ukrainian village, to take into account a wide range of social relationships, the essence of conflicts and the circumstances of their occurrence. Type of article: analytical.

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