scholarly journals Policymaking in education: Understanding influences on the Reading Excellence Act.

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Edmondson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Literacy Policy ◽  
Reading Excellence Act ◽  
Critical Pluralism ◽  
Do So

Educators and researchers are being called to participate in language and literacy policy making (Roller & Long, 2001). In order to do so, however, there needs to be an understanding of how policy is made. Although policymaking often appears to be an irrational process, there are theories that exist to explain the influences and mechanisms that work to shape policies. In what follows, I adapt Theodoulou and Cahn's (1995) typology on policymaking in order to discuss how policy is made. These theories of policy making are explored within the context of the Reading Excellence Act to demonstrate how policymaking is read and explained. Given the limitations of these explanations, particularly the sense that there may be no explicit role for educators in such a process, an alternate theory of policymaking, critical pluralism, is proposed. This alternate typology suggests different roles for educators in relation to policymaking.

scholarly journals How party platforms on immigration become policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tobias Böhmelt ◽  
Lawrence Ezrow
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Party Platforms ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
Do So

Abstract We focus on one of the most salient policy issues of our time, immigration, and evaluate whether the salience of immigration in governing parties’ manifestos translates into actual legislative activity on immigration. We contend that democratic policymakers have genuine incentives to do so. Furthermore, we argue that the country context matters for pledge fulfillment, and we find that the migration salience of governing parties’ manifestos more strongly translates into policy activity when the level of immigration restrictions is higher and when countries’ economies perform well. This research has important implications for our understanding of the relationships between economic performance, democratic representation and immigration policy making.

Revising Swiss Policies

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Frey ◽  
Thomas Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based policy-making and other recent reforms in public steering emphasize the role systematic evidence can play in improving decision making and public policies. Increasing deficits heighten the pressure on public authorities to legitimate public spending and to find savings. Existing studies show that the influence of research-based information on decision making is shaped by several factors, but they typically do not distinguish between different types of information. Our contribution aims to compare the influence of efficiency analysis to information about performance effectiveness. We do so by looking at 10 cases in which public policies are being revised at the federal level in Switzerland, and do so by tracing the entire policy reform process. This qualitative analysis sheds light on which actors use efficiency information, how and under which conditions, and highlights the contribution of efficiency analysis for evidence-based policy-making.

The Green Paper on language and literacy

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Sussex
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Literacy Policy ◽  
Strong Commitment

The Green Paper The Language of Australia released in December 1990, is the first step in a reworking of language policy in Australia. This paper reviews some of the issues raised in the Green Paper and looks at the implications the agenda the Green Paper sets. The Green Paper contains some good ideas in a flawed cover. The positive aspects of the document will need to be developed in a context based on a holistic view of language and literacy policy and a strong commitment to the consolidation of language policy initiatives.

An ethnography of the standardization reform: A case of policy-making in the context of the Upper Perené Arawak community of Peru

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (234) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mihas
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
National Language ◽  
Bilingual Teachers ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis study offers an on-the-ground perspective on the multi-layered process of the Ashéninka and Asháninka state-initiated standardization reform, with the Upper Perené Ashéninka of Peru being a case in point. The reform is carried out in the context of the dramatic decline in the Ashéninka Perené language use due to the community-wide shift to the national language, Spanish. Presented within the ethnographic framework, the analysis focuses on the community’s own view of the national language policy, revealed in the speakers’ language allegiances and attitudes to its own language and literacy, and that of the competing Tambo Asháninka variety, chosen by the government actors to be the written standard. On the basis of a comprehensive video and audio corpus, the ethnography considers conflictive discursive histories of the policy-makers including those of language consultants, bilingual teachers, tribal and political leadership and educational policy agents. The on-the-ground implementation of the standardization reform is supported by the younger generation of speakers who generally have a passive knowledge of the Upper Perené language. Older policy-makers, organized into a language consultant team, have launched resistance projects including the production of Upper Perené books and dictionaries which use the language community’s own spelling conventions.

The Case for Multiple Advocacy in Making Foreign Policy

1972 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. George
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Role Conflicts ◽  
Personal Power ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Effective Advocacy ◽  
Security Affairs ◽  
Do So

The system of multiple advocacy attempts to convert intraorganizational conflicts over policy into a balanced system of policy analysis and debate. This requires the executive to (1) structure and manage the policy-making system to ensure that there are advocates to cover the range of interesting policy options on a given issue; (2) equalize or compensate for disparities among the actors in the resources needed for effective advocacy; (3) identify and correct possible “malfunctions” in the policy-making process before they can have a harmful effect on the executive's choice of policy. Nine types of malfunctions are identified in this paper via critical diagnosis of U.S. foreign policy making in cases in which the executive had to decide questions of commitment, intervention, or escalation. Responsibility for identifying and correcting such malfunctions and for managing multiple advocacy effectively should be clearly fixed with the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs. However, the Special Assistant should not combine the role of “custodian-manager” of the policy-making system with the additional tasks of (a) policy adviser to the President; (b) public spokesman for existing policies; (c) “watch-dog” of the President's personal power stakes; or (d) implementer of policy decisions already taken. The attempt to do so invites serious role conflicts that can undermine the Special Assistant's performance of the all-important task of custodian.

scholarly journals 4.E. Workshop: Health literacy in Policies: European and National Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
European Region ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Literacy Policy ◽  
European Health

Abstract Health literacy is a key dimension of public and global health policy. In the wake of Health in all Polices (HiAP), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and health equity discussions, health literacy plays an important role in empowering citizens by increasing their capacities to deal with health information and make informed decision. In recent years, digitalization and digital transformation of societies and everyday environments have contributed to the increasing awareness of the role of health literacy for navigation of these new and often complex environments. Together, these developments have facilitated the establishment of health literacy as a critical policy item on agendas across the world. In Europe, a lively policy discussion has emerged within the last decade with countries developing their own national and local strategies addressing health literacy in public health and healthcare policies, directives on health promotion and prevention and even in educational policies to include health literacy to school practices. The WHO EURO Region with 53 Member States has been particularly active, launching the WHO “Solid Facts” report on health literacy and two “Action Networks on Health Literacy” - one on measurement and one NCD interventions. Politically, these initiatives were followed up strategically by the Health Literacy Roadmap and by a resolution to develop a European health literacy action plan. While the policy movement is steadily increasing, research on health literacy policies and policy making is still a developing field. This is concerned with policies both on children`s as well as on adult`s health literacy. In this context, the aim of this workshop is to: present research findings from recent health literacy policy initiatives, such as the WHO European health literacy roadmap and action plan and European national policies and initiate a critical discussion regarding future health literacy policy development in the European region and beyond. The 1st presentation will provide an overview on health literacy policy initiatives at WHO Europe with a focus on the development of a new European Action Plan. The 2nd presentation will focus on the WHO health literacy policy initiative focusing on school-aged children. The 3rd presentation will share policy recommendation by experts for promoting health literacy in children and adolescents. The 4th presentation offers a national policy and field application focusing on health literacy and cultural appropriateness. The 5th presentation provides an example of a national position paper on health literacy from a structural perspective presenting a possible path to equity in health. This workshop offers a forum for researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and public stakeholders interested in public health policy-making with a specific focus on health literacy, and will promote discussion of results, facilitate knowledge exchange, and support further synergies. Key messages Health literacy policy is an important cornerstone of the WHO European Region Public Health and Policy strategy and the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals. This workshop will address health literacy policy development on national, European and global levels in different populations.

Argentine debt success does not eliminate doubts

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Bond Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
Debt Default ◽  
Political Cost ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So

Subject Economic policy-making. Significance The government in April successfully ended the long-running debt default through an agreement with the most intransigent holdout creditors and a bond issue worth 16.5 billion dollars, the largest in Argentina's history. Despite this step, doubts remain concerning the government's ability to reduce the huge fiscal deficit and even its willingness to do so, as renewed access to lending will allow it to ease fiscal adjustment, reducing the high political cost involved. Impacts There is a risk that, with the return of global lending, the government will choose to postpone fiscal adjustment. In the absence of a clear stabilisation plan, efforts to slow inflation will take time. If the economy does not rebound in coming months, the government's performance in October 2017 mid-term elections will be undermined.

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