scholarly journals Genetic diversity and fragmentation of Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (Apocynaceae) natural habitats, conservation issues in Chaco forest and savanna biomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Thomáz S. Guerreiro Botelho ◽  
Gecele Matos Paggi ◽  
Maria Ana Farinaccio
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

The present study analyses the first data on genetic diversity of A. quebracho-blanco with the fragmentation of its natural habitat, supporting conservation strategies such as the definition of priority areas for conservation. DNA was extracted from 25 individuals of five populations of A. quebracho-blanco from Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Six ISSR primers were used to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of this species. The genotypes were grouped according to a distance matrix, considering the genetic diversity indices of Nei (He), Shannon (H’), polymorphic information content (PIC), and heterozygosis (H). The populations showed an average genetic diversity that ranged from 0.09 to 0.15 for the Shannon index and from 0.19 to 0.31 for the Nei index; the Mantel test was not significant (r2 = 0.25, P = 0.106). The results obteined for the sampled populations reveal that conservation units are indispensable for conserving the species genetic resources. In addition, it would be essential to construct a germplasm bank for the Cordoba (Argentina) population, which is a population with high genetic diversity in a region of lower fragmentation compared to other regions evaluated, to ensure the conservation of A. quebracho-blanco.

scholarly journals Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA to Assess Genetic Diversity and Structure of NaturalCalophyllum brasiliense(Clusiaceae) Populations in Riparian Forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Evânia Galvão Mendonça ◽  
Anderson Marcos de Souza ◽  
Fábio de Almeida Vieira ◽  
Regiane Abjaud Estopa ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Kinship Coefficients

The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability in two natural populations ofCalophyllum brasilienselocated along two different rivers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using RAPD molecular markers. Eighty-two polymorphic fragments were amplified using 27 primers. The values obtained for Shannon index (I) were 0.513 and 0.530 for the populations located on the margins of the Rio Grande and Rio das Mortes, respectively, demonstrating the high genetic diversity in the studied populations. Nei’s genetic diversity (He) was 0.341 for the Rio Grande population and 0.357 for the Rio das Mortes population. These results were not significantly different between populations and suggest a large proportion of heterozygote individuals within both populations. AMOVA showed that 70.42% of the genetic variability is found within populations and 29.58% is found among populations (ФST=0.2958). The analysis of kinship coefficients detected the existence of family structures in both populations. Average kinship coefficients between neighboring individuals were 0.053 (P<0.001) in Rio das Mortes and 0.040 (P<0.001) in Rio Grande. This could be due to restricted pollen and seed dispersal and the history of anthropogenic disturbance in the area. These factors are likely to contribute to the relatedness observed among these genotypes.

scholarly journals Estimating the genetic diversity and structure of Quercus trojana Webb populations in Italy by SSRs: implications for management and conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Carabeo ◽  
Marco Cosimo Simeone ◽  
Marcello Cherubini ◽  
Chiara Mattia ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Management And Conservation

Studying the genetic diversity and structure of the current forest populations is essential for evaluating the ability to survive future biotic and abiotic changes and planning conservation strategies. Quercus trojana Webb is an eastern Mediterranean tree species with a fragmented distribution range, and its westernmost outposts are located in southern Italy. The demand for timber and cropland over the centuries has severely reduced its occurrence in this part of the range. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the extant Italian populations of Q. trojana and derived conservation guidelines. A total of 322 samples were genotyped with six polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. A high genetic diversity in all populations, two main gene pools, and a highly divergent single population were observed. Based on the allelic richness and heterozygosity estimation, we identified populations that can be considered as valuable source material for conservation programs and those requiring adequate measures to reestablish gene flow and reduce fragmentation. Finally, a comparison with a set of eastern Mediterranean samples indicated a relationship between the Italian and the Greek gene pools. The need to protect these marginal, disjunct populations was further reinforced.

scholarly journals Assessing the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Tunisian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Collection Using Phenotypic Traits and SSR Molecular Markers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Najla Mezghani ◽  
Sameh Mnasri ◽  
Neila Mezghani ◽  
Ana Garcés-Claver
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

The assessment of genetic diversity and structure of a gene pool is a prerequisite for efficient organization, conservation, and utilization for crop improvement. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 Tunisian melon accessions, by using 24 phenotypic traits and eight microsatellite (SSR) markers. A considerable phenotypic diversity among accessions was observed for many characters including those related to agronomical performance. All the microsatellites were polymorphic and detected 30 distinct alleles with a moderate (0.43) polymorphic information content. Shannon’s diversity index (0.82) showed a high degree of polymorphism between melon genotypes. The observed heterozygosity (0.10) was less than the expected heterozygosity (0.12), displaying a deficit in heterozygosity because of selection pressure. Molecular clustering and structure analyses based on SSRs separated melon accessions into fivegroups and showed an intermixed genetic structure between landraces and breeding lines belonging to the different botanical groups. Phenotypic clustering separated the accessions into two main clusters belonging to sweet and non-sweet melon; however, a more precise clustering among inodorus, cantalupensis, and reticulatus subgroups was obtained using combined phenotypic–molecular data. The discordance between phenotypic and molecular data was confirmed by a negative correlation (r = −0.16, p = 0.06) as revealed by the Mantel test. Despite these differences, both markers provided important information about the diversity of the melon germplasm, allowing the correct use of these accessions in future breeding programs. Together they provide a powerful tool for future agricultural and conservation tasks.

scholarly journals The interacting effects of genetic variation in Geranium subg. Geranium (Geraniaceae) using scot molecular markers

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Bo Shi ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Narrow Endemic

One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure among natural populations of Mytilaria laosensis (Hamamelidaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu Yu ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Guangtian Yin ◽  
Jinchang Yang ◽  
Rongsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mytilaria Laosensis

Abstract Mytilaria laosensis is a fast-growing tropical broadleaf tree that is extensively used for wood production and has significant ecological benefits. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of M. laosensis, eight major natural popu­lations in China were analyzed by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 88 microsatellite-containing fragments were obtained by the method of magnetic bead enrichment, among which 26 pairs of SSR primers were scree­ned out and used to generate a total of 190 alleles among 152 individuals. The average of observed number of alleles, Shannon’s information index and polymorphism information content per locus were 18.3, 1.1577 and 0.7759, respectively, implying a high level of genetic diversity in M. laosensis popu­lations. The variation within populations accounted for 81.74 % of total variation based on analysis of molecular variance. Clus­ter analysis divided the eight populations into four groups, among which five populations from the southern parts of Guangxi province were classified as one major group. Mantel test showed that there was highly significant correlation bet­ween Euclidean genetic distance and geographic distance, suggesting that geographic isolation contribute to the high genetic diversity of M. laosensis. Together, these could provide support for the feasibility of exploration and utilization of M. laosensis in subtropical areas of East Asia including Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian province of China.

scholarly journals Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Structure at Fine Scale of an Endangered Moroccan Endemic Tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) Based on ISSR Polymorphism

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila MOUHADDAB ◽  
Naima AIT AABD ◽  
Hafid ACHTAK ◽  
Fouad MSANDA ◽  
Abdelaziz ZAHIDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Level

The preservation of the diversity of endangered populations of argan trees, in their natural habitat, is a crucial step toward their conservation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the argan trees in the wild, and to establish a phylogenetic map using DNA fingerprints. The ultimate goal was to develop a core set that would represent the existing diversity in the whole germplasm. In regard to this, 200 samples of Argania spinosa individual trees were collected from 10 different provenances in the region of Essaouira (Morocco). The genetic variation between and within these argan trees was investigated using previously described Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers. These markers generated a total of 149 fragments, in which 148 (99.33%) were polymorphic. The samples collected in the ‘Ouled Lhaj’ provenance showed the lowest diversity (% of polymorphic locus P=48.32%; genetic diversity Nei h=0.153; allelic richness A=1.483), compared to those collected in the ‘Mramer’ provenance (%P=68.46%; h=0.233; A=1.685). Also, the results showed a high level of genetic differentiation among provenances (AMOVA=44%, Gst=0.40), and a limited gene flow (Nm=0.73) between the provenances. In addition, these data suggested a low correlation between the genetic diversity of the tree and their respective geographical location in relation to the proximity to the littoral. Finally, a core collection of 13 genotypes that represent the essential of the detected diversity was established. The distribution pattern of this genetic diversity provides an important baseline data for the conservation strategies of argan tree species in the wild.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Dorstenia elata (Moraceae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro Martins ◽  
Rodrigo Monte Lorenzoni ◽  
Ronald Martins Pereira Júnior ◽  
Fábio Demolinari de Miranda ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Issr Primers

Abstract Plant species that show gregarious spatial distribution and endemism to the Atlantic Forest, such as Dorstenia elata, are particularly sensitive to the effects of genetic diversity loss. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the genetic diversity in native populations of this species in an Atlantic Forest remnant. The sample included three aggregates of individuals, and molecular characterization was performed with twelve ISSR primers. Intrapopulation analyses were based on the calculation of the Shannon index; total expected heterozygosity and the matrix of distances between pairs of individuals were also calculated. The obtained grouping dendrogram evinced the formation of two groups. Interpopulation investigations were based on the analysis of molecular variance and the estimate of historical gene flow. The results demonstrate that one group comprised the genotypes from two subpopulations, and the other contained exclusively the genotypes of a third subpopulation. The greatest genetic variability was observed within rather than among populations, indicating that the geographical distance and the road that divides the studied populations are not causing loss of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals The genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Amazonian quillwort (Isoetes L.) species

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Pupo Santos ◽  
João V.S. Rabelo Araujo ◽  
Arthur V. Sant’anna Lopes ◽  
Julio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi ◽  
Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Effective Conservation

Background Two endemic lycophyte species Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis have been recently described in the State of Pará in the Amazon forest located in northern Brazil. Isoetes L. has survived through three mass extinctions. Plants are considered small-sized, heterosporous, and can display a great diversity of physiological adaptations to different environments. Thus, the current study aimed to estimate the genetic variation of the populations of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis to generate information about their different mechanisms for survival at the same geographical location that could point to different reproductive, adaptative and dispersal strategies and should be considered for effective conservation strategies. Methods The genetic diversity and population structure of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis were investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Total genomic DNA was isolated, and the genetic diversity parameters were calculated. Results The sixteen primers produced 115 reproducible bands, 87% of which were polymorphic. A high level of polymorphic loci (81.74% and 68.48%) and a high Shannon index (Sh = 0.376 and 0.289) were observed for I. cangae and I. serracarajensis, respectively. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between population areas (GST) showed a higher value in I. serracarajensis (0.5440). Gene flow was higher in I. cangae (1.715) and lower in I. serracarajensis populations (0.419). Overall, the results further show that I. serracarajensis and I. cangae are two species with considerable genetic variation and that these differences may reflect their habitats and modes of reproduction. These results should be considered in the development of effective conservation strategies for both species.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Structure of Latvian Tilia cordata Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Abstract Changing climatic conditions are transforming the ecological and silvicultural roles of broadleaf tree species in northern Europe. Small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) is distributed throughout most of Europe, and is a common broadleaf species in Latvia. This species can tolerate a broad range of environmental and ecological conditions, including temperature, water availability, and soil types. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian T. cordata populations using nuclear microsatellite markers developed for Tilia platyphyllos. After testing of 15 microsatellite markers, Latvian T. cordata samples were genotyped at 14 micro-satellite loci. Latvian T. cordata populations had high genetic diversity, and were not overly isolated from each other, with moderate gene flow between populations. No highly differentiated populations were identified. Vegetative reproduction was identified in most analysed populations, and almost one-third of analysed individuals are of clonal origin. T. cordata has high timber production potential under the current climatic and growth conditions in Latvia, and therefore this species has potential for use in forestry, as well as playing a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and other ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Divergence of a Rare, Endemic Grass (Elymus breviaristatus) in the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Yu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Yanli Xiong ◽  
Zhixiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Widespread Species

Elymus breviaristatus is a grass species only distributed in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which has suffered from serious habitat fragmentation. Therefore, understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among natural E. breviaristatus populations could provide insight for future conservation strategies. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and hierarchical structure of seven E. breviaristatus populations from QTP, China. Multiple measures of genetic diversity indicated that there is low to moderate genetic variation within E. breviaristatus populations, consistent with its presumed mating system. In spite of its rarity, E. breviaristatus presented high genetic diversity that was equivalent to or even higher than that of widespread species. Bayesian clustering approaches, along with clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis partitioned the studied populations of E. breviaristatus into five genetic clusters. Differentiation coefficients (Fst, GST, etc.) and AMOVA analysis revealed considerable genetic divergence among different populations. BARRIER analyses indicated that there were two potential barriers to gene flow among the E. breviaristatus populations. Despite these patterns of differentiation, genetic distances between populations were independent of geographic distances (r = 0.2197, p = 0.2534), indicating little isolation by distance. Moreover, despite detecting a common outlier by two methods, bioclimatic factors (altitude, annual mean temperature, and annual mean precipitation) were not related to diversity parameters, indicating little evidence for isolation caused by the environment. These patterns of diversity within and between populations are used to propose a conservation strategy for E. breviaristatus.

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